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ODD & CD
ODD & CD: Midterm
42
Psychology
Graduate
10/12/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Perspectives on moral development
Definition
  • Biological: evolutionary, genetic heritage
  • social learning: modeling moral behavior
  • behaviorist: rewards & punishments
  • cognitive-developmental: children as active thinkers about social rules
Term
Characteristics of good models of moral behavior
Definition
  • warmth and responsiveness
  • competence and power
  • consistency between words and behavior
Term
Punishment in early childhood
Definition
  • Physical & frequent punishment have side-effects
 
  • Effectiveness of punishment increased by: 
    • consistency
    • warm parent-child relationship
    • positive discipline
Term
Alternative to 'punishment'
Definition
  • time out
  • withdrawing privileges
  • positive discipline
Term
Most important in discipline
Definition
Consistency
Term
3 steps in positive discipline
Definition
  1. build mutually respectful bond
  2. let child know how to act (ahead of time)
  3. praise mature behavior
Term
Piaget's theory of moral development
Definition
  • Heteronomous morality (5-10yrs)
    • view rules as handed down, permanent, unchangeable, requiring strict obedience
    • judge wrongness by outcomes not intentions
  • Autonomous morality (10+ years)
    • rules as socailly-agreed on, changeable, ideal reciprocity
    • judge on outcomes and itentions
Term
Kohlberg stages
Definition
  • preconvention level 
    • really concrete, externally controlled
    • right & wrong/ punishment & obedience
    • instrumental purpose
  • conventional level 
    • ensure relationship/social order
    • goodboy-good girl (morality of interpersonal cooperation)
    • social order maintaining
  • Postconventional level
    • abstract princples/values
    • social contract, rules are flexible
    • universal ethical principle- right determined by self-chosen principles
    • respect of dignity and worth
Term
Heinz dilemna
Definition

Kohlberg

 

e.g. would you steal a drug to save life of a dying person?(morally controversial situation)

 

Analyze reasoning behind the person's answers

Term
Sex differences in moral reasoning
Definition
  • Kohlberg said morals are rights and justice oriented
  • Gilligan said it was caring for others orientation (ethics of care)
Both sexes use both orientations but females may stress care more (may be situational due to greater experience as caregivers)
Term
Influences of moral reasoning
Definition
  • Personality
  • child-rearing practices (caring & supportive, discussing moral concerns)
  • schooling
  • peer interaction
  • culture
Term
Moral imperatives vs. social conventions
Definition

moral imperatives (protect rights/welfare)

-victimes and other kids react strongle to moral offences

-adults explain rights and feelings of victims

 

social conventions (customs by consensus) 

-e.g. table manners, "god bless you"

-peers seldom react to violations

-adults explain less, demand obedience

Term
Making moral distinctions
Definition
  • Social conventions
    • with vs. without clear purpose
    • consider intentions and context of violations
  • moral imperatives
    • consider intentions and context of violations
  • personal matters
    • recognize areas of personal choice
    • relate to moral rules
    • recognize limits on choice
Term
Developmental detection of conventions vs. morals
Definition
Kids 3-4 years can make a decision that moral violations are more wrong than social conventions
Term

Distributive justice

-stages

Definition

Not only what is right but what is fair

  • Equality (5-6 yrs): everyone gets the same thing
  • Merit (6-7yrs): everyone gets amount based on what they put in
  • Benevolence (8+yrs): justification for merit, was somebody able to contribute 
Term
Development and Aggression
Definition
  • Early & Middle childhood
    • Instrumental (for reinforcement) aggression declines but hostile (because of anger) aggression increases
    • boys more physically aggressive girls more relationally aggressive
  • Adolescense
    • less aggression, more delinquency (peaks in mid adolescence)
  • Individual differences in aggression are lasting
Term
DSM-IV diagnosis of ODD (general)
Definition
  • pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting 6 months where 4 symptoms are present
    • more frequenty then typical development
  • sig impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning
  • doesnt occur exclusiving during psychotic or mood disorder
  • criteria not met for CD and if 18 or older not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder
Term
DSM-IV ODD symptom list (8)
Definition
  1. often loses temper
  2. often argues with adults
  3. actively defies or refuses to comply w/ adults' requests or rules
  4. deliberately annoys people
  5. blames others for his mistakes/misbehavior
  6. touchy or easily annoyed by others
  7. angry or resentful
  8. spiteful or vindictive
Term

DSM-IV diagnosis of CD (general)

Definition
  • repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior where basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated shown by 3 or more of following criteria in past 12 months and at least one present in past 6 months
  • significatn impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning, 
  • individual is age 18 or older, criteria not met for antisocial personality disorder
Term
DSM-IV symptoms categories for CD
Definition
  • Aggression to people an animals
  • destruction of property
  • deceitfulness or theft
  • serious violations of rules
Term

DSM-IV agression to people and animals symptoms (CD)

Definition
  1. often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others
  2. often initiates physical fights
  3. has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g. brick, bat, gun)
  4. has been physically cruel to people
  5. has been physically cruel to animals
  6. stolen while confronting a victim (mugging)
  7. forced someone into sexual activity
Term

DSM-IV destruction of property symptoms (CD)

Definition
  1. deliberately engaged in fire setting with intentions of causing serious damage
  2. deliberately destroyed others' property
Term

DSM-IV deceitfulness or theft symptoms (CD)

Definition
  1. has broken into someone else's house, building, or car
  2. often lies to obtain goods or favors or avoid obligations
  3. has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim (shoplifting)
Term

DSM-IV serious violations of rules symptoms (CD)

Definition
  1. often stays out at night despite parental prohibition, beginning before 13 years
  2. has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home
  3. often truant from school, beginning before age 13
Term
Simple differentiation between ODD & CD
Definition

ODD=refusal to comply

CD=violations of the rights of others, often involves the legal system

Term
Debate surrounding ODD/CD
Definition

Same or different disorders? 

-evidence for both sides

Term
Gender differences in ODD/CD
Definition
-less prevelant in girls, but if it appears it is more stable in girls and there is increased likelihood of comorbidity
Term
Course of ODD/CD
Definition

-early onset is worse

-ADHD influencdes development, couse, & severity of CD

-ADHD path to CD is usually through ODD

Term
psychopathy vs ODD/CD
Definition

Very different things

-psychopathy involves callous, manipulative, impulsive, predatory, remorseless behavior over and above antisocial deviant behavior

Term
Prevelance of ODD/CD
Definition

33% of ODD go on to have CD and 33% of these go on to have antisocial personality disorder

 

Over 90% of children w/ CD have had ODD but not the same reversed

 

Overal prevelance: 3% for ODD and 5.5% for CD

Term
Influences of prevelance rates of ODD, CD, and antisocial
Definition

equifinality: multiple things can start a disorder

multifinality: the same start can result in different disorders 

 

(reasons why the prevelance rates don't map on to the 33% that move from one disorder to another)

Term
Pathway of ODD, CD, and antisocial
Definition
[image]
Term
V61.20 
Definition

Parent-child relational problem DSM code

  • cateogry should be usd when focus of clnical attention is a pattern between parent & child associated w/ clinically significant impairment in indiivdual or family functioning or development of significant symptoms in parent or child
  • Doesn't talk about function of the behavior
Term
Coercive parent-child cycle
Definition
[image]
Term
Developmental psychopathology in ODD/CD
Definition
  • non-compliance
  • modulation of affective states
  • executive dysfunction
  • language impairment
  • problem-solving skills
Term
ODD/CD is associated with
Definition
  • lower IQ scores
  • being more sensitive to reward than punishment
  • deficits in social codnition
  • calllous or being unemotional (young children)
Term
What ODD/CD is and is not
Definition

ODD/CD must be some sort of underlying dysfunctin

 

Can NOT be a reaction to context/environment (reaction to living in a bad neighborhood)

Term
types of aggression
Definition

Proactive vs. Reactive vs. Relational

Overt vs. Covert

Destructive vs. Non destructive

 

[image]

Term
Iatrogenic
Definition

Iatrogenic- the treatment causing the symptom or disorder

 

Expect Pseudo Iatrogenic effects of treatment with ODD/CD (because parents are attending to behavior from therapy they notice more inappropriate behavior)

-if you start having them take data they notice it more

 

Iatrogenic effect can also come from preparation/warning them of their child's symptoms

Term
Transaction Model
Definition

Model where the parent effects the child and the child effects the parent 

-e.g. kid is acting up->mom gets frustrated -> mom does not provide good discipline -> kid acts up more -> kid gets more frustrated.. etc.

 

[image]

Term
How to assess ODD/CD
Definition
  • Parent report
  • teacher report
  • child report
  • diagnostic interview- consider age of onset
  • look at aggressive and rule-breaking behavior
Term
Developmental sequence of disruptive behavior disorders
Definition
[image]
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