Term
| Where would a lesion be located in the case of Adie's pupil? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the near response of a pupil supposed to be greater than the light response? |
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Definition
| No, this is abnormal. The near resonse is less than the light response. |
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Term
| What is the supranuclear origin of the light reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the supranuclear origin of the near reflex? |
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Definition
| Cortical areas surrounding the visual cortex and cortical areas within frontal eye fields |
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Term
| What is the motor center for convergence? |
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Definition
| oculomotor subnuclei for MR |
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Term
| What is the motor center for accommodation? |
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Definition
| anteromedial portion of the Oculomotor nucleus |
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Term
| What is the motor center for miosis? |
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Definition
| small celled columns in the E-W area of oculomotor group |
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Term
| What is the largest layer of the tear film? |
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Definition
| aqueous layer>mucous layer>lipid layer |
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Term
| How do contact lenses cause dry eye? |
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Definition
| They disrupt the glycocalyx on the corneal epithelium that interacts with mucin layer of the tear film which is used to stabilize the tear film. |
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Term
| Which two layers of the tear film are thought to be dissolved into one? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for a heterogenous collection of high molecular weight glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do both the mucin and the corneal epithelium possess carbohydrate side chains? |
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Definition
| Yes, their interaction provides stability to the tear film |
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Term
| What does dissolved mucin do to the surface tension of tears? |
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Definition
| It lowers it. Wetting angle is 81 degree without dissolved mucin, but only 20 degrees with dissolved mucin |
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Term
| What type of mucin is secreted by conjunctival goblet cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of Mcuin is synthesized by the stratified conjunctival epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of mucin is synthesized by the cornea and conjunctival epithelium? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What molecular event is necessary to refresh the tear film at each blink? |
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Definition
| Detachment at the glycocalyx |
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Term
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Definition
| mucin trapped by the caruncle cilia |
|
|
Term
| Do tears have mucin degrading enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cellular organ releases the protein portion of the mucin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cellular structure forms the sugar portion of mucin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What receptor agonist mediates mucosal surface lubrication and also increases Cl- secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mucus peptide interacts with mucus to effect the rheology of mucus, influences migration rates in healing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells form the thin inner glycocalyx of the mucin layer? |
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Definition
| MUC1 of the corneal and MUC4 of the conjunctival epithelium |
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Term
| What do Vitamin A deficiency, ocular pemphigoid, Steven's Johnson syndrome, Alkali burn, and hypertonics have in common? |
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Definition
| They can pathologically destroy the goblet cells. |
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Term
| Destruction of which layer of the tear film leads to an increase in TBUT and dry eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which model of tear film drainage says that siphoning of the lacrimal sac occurs during relaxation of the blink? |
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Definition
| Doanes, Jones theory states that siphoning occurs during contraction of the blink |
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Term
| What enzyme disrupts the polar lipids causing blepharitis? It's secreted by inflammatory cells. It induces the release of the inflammatory mediators, histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins. |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotic can be used to help increase the flow of the Meibomian glands if they're clogged? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inducible protein secreted by the lacrimal gland influences surface tension of the tear film by binding to lipids? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of reflex secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells lie next to the basal portion of the acini of the lacrimal gland and may act as a pump? They act like smooth muscle fibers. |
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Definition
| Myoepithelial cells, the same cell type as in the dilator muscle of the iris |
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|
Term
| Which electrolyte is much lower in concentration than in the serum? |
|
Definition
Ca++
K+, Cl- are greater than the serum
HCO3 and Mg+ are equal to the serum |
|
|
Term
| How does water enter the lumen in fluid secretion? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In fluid secretion water movement is a consequence of what type of movement? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the secretory fluid of the acini similar to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of protein secretion in the lacrimal gland involves the secretion of stored vesicles by exocytosis and is also the most common type of secretion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of protein secretion in the lacrimal gland involves immediate secretion upon synthesis? |
|
Definition
| Intrinsic or constitutive |
|
|
Term
| Which type of protein secretion increases with increased tear production? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What tear protein is bacteriostatic (maybe bacteriolytic), by binding with Fe+ ions essential to bacterial metabolism? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What enzyme is in the highest concentration in the corneal epithelium? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name one constitutive protein of the tear film? It is decreased in contact lens wearers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the cornea get most of its glucose from the tear film? |
|
Definition
| No, Glucose is less than 10% the serum concentration. |
|
|
Term
| Which neurotransmitter works by a G-protein/CAMP pathway? |
|
Definition
Vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP)
Acetylcholine works by a G protein/phospholipidase pathway |
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Term
| Which sympathetic receptor works by a protein kinase pathway to secretion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sympathetic protein receptor works by a G protein/cAMP pathway? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the parasympathetic receptors of the lacrimal gland? |
|
Definition
basolateral cell membrane
Acetylcholine and VIP |
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Term
| Lesions to which division of the nervous system modulate tear secretion in the lacrimal gland by inhibited blood flow through the gland? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the hormone that binds to the acinar cells and modulates cell activity and immune function in the lacrimal gland? It also moderates fluid balance, cell growth and cell differentiation? |
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Definition
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