Term
| Clinical Sign of Episcleritis |
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Definition
-Unilateral, dryness, warmth, mild pain, sensitive
-Tearing, no discharge
-if the episcleritis is reoccuring, there is possible underlying systemic cause such as rheumatoid arthritis or any type of inflammatory disease and the patient should be referred out for a blood work up
-no intraoocular involvement |
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Term
| Treatment for Simple and Nodular Episcleritis |
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Definition
Choices: 1) leave it alone
2) topical decongestant (cold compress)
3) Topical steroid (Lotemax) |
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Term
| Treatment for Simple and Nodular Episcleritis |
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Definition
Choices: 1) leave it alone
2) topical decongestant (cold compress)
3) Topical steroid (Lotemax) |
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Term
| Treatment of Chronic Episcleritis |
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Definition
| Since this is a more chronic condition, it requires stronger treatment. It doesn't respond to the softer dose steroids, so needs to be referred to a PCP. Treat with NSAIDS, oral steroids (refer) |
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Term
| Can Episcleritis convert to Scleritis? |
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Definition
| NO! If you have a patient that had an episcleritis and comes back 3 months later with a scleritis then you know it is not due to the episcleritis but to something else |
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Term
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Definition
-Uncommon; granulomatous inflammation
-extremely painful
-may lead to blindness and eye loss
-choroidal vasculature -->intraocular complications: uveitis, retinitis, ON, GLC, CAT, Cornea
-mostly bilaterally, but if unilateral in a few years will spread to the fellow eye
-most of the time anterior |
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Term
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Definition
-painful; deep boring pain
-may radiate
-injection, tenderness, tearing (do not confuse relfex tearing with discharge)
-photophobia
-decreased vision |
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Term
| I am performing the phenylephrine test. I dropped the patient with 2.5% and the eye remained red after 10 minutes. I then dropped with 10% and the eye was white after 10 minutes. What is the likely diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Necrotizing Scleritis w/ inflammation |
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Definition
Necrosis/avascular patch - death of the tissue because not enough blood supply carrying nutrients to the tissue, the avascular patch is an area with blanching/whitening within the red injection.
-ophthalmic emergency |
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Term
| Secondary complication with Necrotizing Scleritis w/ inflammation |
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Definition
-sclerosing keratitis
-cataract
-hyphema
-staphyloma
-ectasia
-secondary glaucoma |
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Term
| What is seen with Staphyloma? |
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Definition
-localized thinning of the sclera
-bulging of the uvea (iris, CB)
-scleritis, myopia |
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Term
| What is seen with Ectasia? |
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Definition
| -bulging of the sclera without uveal lining |
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Term
| Necrotizing scleritis w/o inflammation |
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Definition
-asymptomatic (no pain)
-older females
-hx of polyarticular rheumatism
-visible avascular patch
-no treatment |
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Term
| What are the ocular signs of Posterior Scleritis? |
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Definition
-disc swelling
-macular edema
-retinal detachment
-vitritis
-choroidal folds or detachment
-intraretinal white deposits |
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Term
| How could you treat posterior scleritis? |
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Definition
-NSAIDS (naproxen)
-oral steroid therapy
-IV pulse
-immunosuppressant medication |
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Term
| Is posterior scleritis bilateral? |
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Definition
| It will start out in one eye, but if it's systemic it can go bilateral. |
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Term
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Definition
-short anterior ciliary arteries
-bluish cuff
-ciliary areas of pigment where the nerves dive back into the eye, it's a bluish/brownish pigment ring |
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Term
| What is osteogenesis imperfecta? |
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Definition
-inherited condition
-permanent blue sclera
-involves skeleton, ear, joints, teeth, skin, and eyes
-3 main signs : blue sclera, deafnessm and bone fractures |
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Term
| Melanosis oculi. what is it? |
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Definition
-congenital bilateral hyperpigmentation of conjunctiva, episclera, uvea and choroids.
-this can just be a patch of pigment |
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Term
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Definition
-"oculodermal melanocytosis" -which means that the skin is involved
-pigmentation of periorbital skin
-distribution along CNV
-congenital and unilateral |
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Term
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Definition
| -little patch of blue on the eye caused by gypsum (calcium sulfate) deposits |
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Term
| If you see Icterus/jaundice in a patient's eye, should there be a medical concern? |
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Definition
| Yes. You need to refer out for a medical examination. |
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Term
| Can you have a scleral tumor? |
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Definition
| No. this is due to the fact that there is no blood supply. The blood supply either comes from the choroid or the episclera |
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Term
| T/F. You would see an increase in IOP with a scleral perforation. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. It is a good idea to have an MRI taken on a patient with a scleral perforation cause by a BB gun. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. A staphyloma requires medical refferal |
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Definition
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