Term
| Pathogenic Gram-Positive Cocci and Bacilli |
|
Definition
| Stain purple when gram-stained |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus is a _____ member of every human’s microbiota. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus is located: |
|
Definition
In nasopharynx
On skin
Colonizes the infant w/in hours |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus found in hospitals in |
|
Definition
| Nurseries and surgical wards. |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococci live and reproduce on |
|
Definition
| almost every square inch of human skin |
|
|
Term
| Staphpylococcus can be ______ pathogens causing anywhere from minor to life threatening diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus genus name comes from Greek term staphle meaning ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spherical–shaped bacterial cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| staff or group (Cluster like grapes) |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus colonies appear |
|
Definition
| cream colored, white to light gold, and “buttery-looking” |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus is Gram _____ |
|
Definition
| positive cocci, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus grows best when _____ present, but can continue to grow under ____ conditions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus is _____-tolerant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus tolerates the ____ present on human skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus is tolerant of desiccation (capsule). What does this mean? |
|
Definition
allows survival on environmental surfaces such as fomites
Object inadvertently used to transfer pathogen to new host: needle or coin |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococci are catalase positive or negative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catalase Converts H202, (hydrogen peroxide) Into_____ and ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococci can disarm neutrophil’s and macrophage’s H2O2 with ______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is secreted by neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inoculating loop is rubbed across a colony of Staphylococcus and mixed with H202 on a slide.
If bubbles appear, the enzyme catalase must be present.
So Staphylococcus is catalyst positive |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal infections range from the |
|
Definition
| trivial to the rapidly fatal |
|
|
Term
| Are Staphylococcal infections easy to treat? |
|
Definition
| No, They can be difficult to treat |
|
|
Term
| Why are Staphylococcal infections difficult to treat? |
|
Definition
| Because staphylococci can acquire antibiotic resistance |
|
|
Term
| “Staph” infections result when staphylococci |
|
Definition
| breach the body’s physical barriers. |
|
|
Term
| Entry of only a few hundred bacteria (ID) can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococci are ______ in nature with about a _____ species part of our human flora |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many species are commonly associated with staphylococcal diseases in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 species commonly associated with staphylococcal diseases in humans? |
|
Definition
1.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of infections
2.Less virulent,opportunist Staphylococcus epidermis may cause prosthetic implant infections |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Less virulent, opportunist Staphylococcus epidermis may cause |
|
Definition
| prosthetic implant infections |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis is the______ of human skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis is the normal microbiota of human skin that can cause ? |
|
Definition
| opportunistic infections to immunocompromised patients or when introduced into parts of body |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus is located on |
|
Definition
| skin, nares, mucous membranes (pharynx and vagina) |
|
|
Term
| What pigment is Staphylococcus aureus on sheep blood agar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenicity of Staphylococus (3 things) |
|
Definition
1.Cell wall structures that prevent phagocytosis
2. Enzymes
3. Production of toxins |
|
|
Term
| Cell wall structures that prevent phagocytosis (3 things) |
|
Definition
a. Protein A
b. Bound coagulase
c. Capsule/slime layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Coagulase
b. Staphylokinase
c. Hyaluronidase
d. Lipase
e. B-lactamses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Cytolytic toxins
b. Exfoliative toxins
c. Toxic-shock-syndrome (TSS) toxin
d. Enterotoxins |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus has Protein A which causes_____to bind upside-down _____ antigen. This _____ opponization and ________. |
|
Definition
antibody stems,S. aureus
Inhibits, phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus has ________ that converts fibrinogen into ______ that form clots around pathogen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrin clots ______ Staphylococcus aureus from phagocytic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus forms slime layer/capsule that prevents: |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis and Dessiccation |
|
|
Term
Slime layer facilitates attachment of
Staphylococcus to artificial surfaces such as (5 things) |
|
Definition
| catheters, shunts, artificial heart valves and joints |
|
|
Term
| Coagulase triggers fibrin clotting, which hides the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dissolves fibrin threads in clots, allowing S.aureus to free itself from clots and spread to new location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaks down hyaluronic acid, enabling S. aureus spread deeper between cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digest lipids allowing Staphylococcus aureus to grow on surface of skin and sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penicillinase now in 90% of S. aureus strains and thus resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Cytolytic toxins Disrupts the ______ ______ ______of a variety of cells such as |
|
Definition
mammalian cytoplasmic membrane
Heart, skeletal muscle, renal cells, platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leukocytes, Macrophages, and neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Leukocidin provides S. aureus ______ from _____. |
|
Definition
| protection from phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Exfoliative toxins = ET causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exfoliative toxin dissolves |
|
Definition
desmosomes
The patient’s epidermal layer of skin to slough off |
|
|
Term
| Toxic-shock-syndrome toxin symptoms |
|
Definition
| High fever, rash, peeling of skin, vasodilation, drop in BP |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus produces enterotoxin proteins which in turn stimulate which 4 things? |
|
Definition
Intestinal muscle contractions
Nausea
Intense vomiting
Associated with staphylococcal food poisoning |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins are ____ stable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heat does not denature_____ protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cover dish dinner; take home leftovers; reheat = zap in microwave. This process Does not _______the Enterotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal Diseases categorized as which 3 things? |
|
Definition
1. Noninvasive Disease
2. Cutaneous Disease
3. Systemic Disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Food poisoning
Ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus contaminated food |
|
|
Term
| Ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus contaminated food Bacteria grow on food and secretes |
|
Definition
| Enterotoxin that is heat stable |
|
|
Term
| Common cause of food poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food poisoning is caused by ______ rather than by ______ of the bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food must remain at ________for several hours for bacteria to grow, reproduce, and produce toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enterotoxin causes ____, ____, ____ for how long? |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea for 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| Reheating may kill ______ bacteria but does not inactivate _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Cutaneous Disease
Various skin conditions: name 6 |
|
Definition
Scalded skin syndrome
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Sty
Furuncles
Carbuncle |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus causes localized _______(pus filled lesions)lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalded skin syndrome =
Exfoliative toxin causes: name 4 things |
|
Definition
Reddening of skin
Large blisters
Epidermis peels off in two days
Subject to secondary bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| Scalded skin syndrome = Exfoliative toxin Usually affects ______ of severed umbilicus & Older children with ______. |
|
Definition
| neonates, skin infections |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus causes 80% of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impetigo is what and occurs on who? |
|
Definition
| Small, flattened, red patches on face, limbs of children whose immune system is not fully developed |
|
|
Term
| impetigo mostly occurs on _____ as pus filled vesicles that crust over and become honey colored, wet, flaky. The pus is filled with ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection of hair follicle |
|
|
Term
| Folliculitis Becomes red, swollen, and pus filled. When it occurs at base of eye in eyelash follicle it is called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Furuncle = boil
Penetrates into the ______? |
|
Definition
Large, painful, raised nodular extension of folliculitis to surrounding tissue.
Penetrates into the subcutaneous layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| several furuncles coalesce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Larger, deeper, more painful
May have to be surgically drained
Can be the size of baseball |
|
|
Term
Carbuncle May cause____ and _____ as S. aureus spreads into underlying tissues
may need ______. |
|
Definition
| fever, chills, antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| S. aureus can cause a variety of potentially fatal _____ _____ When introduced to deeper tissues of the body such as ___, ____, ____, and ____. |
|
Definition
systemic infections
Blood, heart, lungs, and bones |
|
|
Term
| 3. Systemic Disease 6 things |
|
Definition
TSS
Pneumonia
Bacteremia
Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Empyema |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus produce _____ toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus can grow in a _____ or _____ vagina and produce the toxin and cause______. |
|
Definition
wound,abraded
Toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
| can TSS occur in both males and females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin causes: |
|
Definition
Fever
Vomiting and Diarrhea
Red rash
Loss of sheets of skin
Low BP, shock
Multi-organ failure due to shock |
|
|
Term
| TSS fatal in ____% cases. Why? |
|
Definition
| 5%, When BP drops so low O2 cannot be carried to vital organs and causes shock, death |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus in blood is ______ and Accounts for half of all ______ infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Causes: |
|
Definition
Furuncles
Vaginal infections
Infected surgical wounds |
|
|
Term
| Hospitalized patients with chronic disease that contract S. aureus bacteremia have a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus = Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Attacks lining of heart and valves |
|
|
Term
| Endocarditis is one of the consequences of _______. |
|
Definition
| staphylococcal bacteremia |
|
|
Term
Staphylococcus aureus = Endocarditis
Symptoms are _____ and ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Staphylococcus aureus = Endocarditis
Blood pumped from heart ______ which in turn makes the ____ drop.
50% patients do not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus in blood invades _____ causing______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mortality rate for staphylococcal pneumonia is _____%. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal pneumonia known to occur as secondary infection to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal pneumonia Particularly occurs in _____ and_______ patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 10% of patients with Staphylococcal pneumonia… The fluid filling the alveoli is _____, this condition is called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Staphpylococcus aureusInvades a bone, it causes |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcal osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal osteomyelitis Signs and symptoms are: Inflammation of |
|
Definition
Bone marrow, diaphysis and periosteum
Fever, Chills, Swelling and pain
(Brake hip and get stahpylococcus aureus infection in bone) |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Staphylococcus Infections |
|
Definition
Detection of Gram-positive bacteria
Isolated from pus, blood, or other fluids |
|
|
Term
| Treatment: ______ is the drug of choice to treat staphylococcal infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment:Since (1962) 1987 have:
MRSA = |
|
Definition
| methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
Term
Treatment: Since 2002 have:
VRSA = |
|
Definition
| vancomycin resistant S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| Prevention = some humans are carriers |
|
Definition
Hand antisepsis
Proper cleansing of wounds and surgical openings
Aseptic use of catheters or indwelling needles
Appropriate use of antiseptics |
|
|
Term
| The Genus Streptococcus Is a diverse group of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus can be arranged in ____ or ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus are arranged in pairs called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Streptococcus are Arranged in chains like a strip of button
candy called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus is Catalase _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Streptococcus are _______ ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Serological classification of Streptococcus is useful in _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Lancefield classification Developed by Rebecca Lancefield in 1938 was
Based on ______ ______. |
|
Definition
| serological classification |
|
|
Term
| The Lancefield classification puts various strains of Streptococcus into _____ different groups. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lancefield groups go from _____ to ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lancefield groups A and B are ______ and ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GAS and GBS Include the significant streptococcal pathogens of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are _____ species of Streptococci
only a few (5) are ______ _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Group A (GAS) Streptococcus pyogenes look like? |
|
Definition
| Looks like chain of purple pearls on slide |
|
|
Term
Group A Streptococcus: GAS
On blood agar plate, Streptococcus pyogenes forms ______ colonies surrounded by _____ of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes lyse _____ leaving a ____ zone around ____ colony. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main representative of group A Streptococcus (GAS)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most serious streptococcal pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes has a number of
Structures, Enzymes and Toxins that enable it to survive as a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes form _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structural components and enzymes of Streptococcus pyogenes? 5 things? |
|
Definition
1.Protein M (protein A in S. aureus)
2.Hyaluronic acid capsule
3.Streptokinase Enzymes
4.Hyaluronidase = spreading factor |
|
|
Term
| Protein M ________ complement. Thereby interfering with opsonization, phagocytosis, and lysis of bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyaluronic acid capsule acts to ______ the bacteria |
|
Definition
| camouflage(WBC cannot recognize) |
|
|
Term
| Streptokinase Enzymes ______ blood clots and _______ spread of Streptococcus pyogenes into ______ and _____tissue |
|
Definition
| dissolves, facilitates, damaged and infected |
|
|
Term
| Hyaluronidase called the ______ ______, dissolves hyaluronic acid and facilitates spread of Streptococcus pyogenes into deeper tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Streptococcus pyogenes major Extracellular Toxins? 3 things |
|
Definition
Exotoxins
Pyrogenic toxins/ Erythrogenic toxins
Streptolysins toxins |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes :Pyrogenic toxins Stimulate______ and ______ cells to release cytokines/pyrogenes |
|
Definition
| macrophages and helper T cells |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes :Pyrogenic toxins Stimulate ______ , causes ____ , and _____ toxic shock |
|
Definition
| fever,rash and streptococcal |
|
|
Term
| Because Pyrogenic toxins cause blood capillaries near surface of skin to dilate producing a red rash known as ____ _____, Some scientist call the toxins _________ toxins |
|
Definition
| (scarlet fever), Erythrogenic |
|
|
Term
| Streptolysins toxins Cause _____ of sheep blood agar. Clear zone around colony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptolysins toxins Lyses _____, _____ and _______Which interfere with O2 carrying capacity, Immunity, Blood clotting. |
|
Definition
| RBCs, WBCs and Platelets. |
|
|
Term
| Streptolysins toxins also lyse other tissue cells such as |
|
Definition
Liver cells
Cardiac muscle cells
Kidney cells |
|
|
Term
| Humans are only significant reservoir of ___ to ____ % of population are carriers of virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes
Typically causes disease when: |
|
Definition
Competing normal flora is depleted
Immunity is impaired
When large inoculum enables it to get a foot hold (infectious dose) before antibodies form against it |
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes
Causes following diseases: KNOW these 7 |
|
Definition
Strep throat
Erysipelas
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Necrotizing fasciitis
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| What is the Streptococcus pyogenes strain for Sore throat, strep throat, or tonsillitis ? |
|
Definition
| Streptococcal pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| Bacteriological or serological testare needed for a sure diagnosis of ______ _____ |
|
Definition
| Streptococcal pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| What is Streptococcal pharyngitis treated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition following and resulting from a disease |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a morbid complication that follows a disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some diseases leave sequela In the form of long-term or permanent |
|
Definition
| Damage to tissues or organs |
|
|
Term
Examples of Sequelas:
Meningitis can result in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Examples of Sequelas:
Strep throat can result in _____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Examples of Sequelas:
Strep throat can result in _____ ______ disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| streptococcal impetigo is a localized _____ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| streptococcal impetigo Begins as small _____producing lesions that itch, break open and form contagious yellow crust on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyoderma = ____ producing lesion on skin of face, arms, and legs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erisipelas =Slightly more invasive form of ______ infection spreads to _____ and _____ tissues. |
|
Definition
| skin, dermis and subcutaneous |
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes: Erisipelas
is called Erysipelas when this infection involved ____ _____.
Triggers pain and inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hogs can get ______ and infected hogs can infect______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Streptococcus pyogenes can also cause
Streptococcal _____ _____ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients are bacteremic with severe multi-system infections and failure if they contract ______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing fasciitis Life threatening with mortality rate of ____% if left untreated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Flesh eating Streptococcus pyogenes
follows the path of _____ between subcutaneous tissue and muscle and CT surrounding the muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flesh eating Strep Streptococcus pyogenes first symptoms |
|
Definition
Swelling, heat, redness
Skin changes from red to purple to blue to large blisters |
|
|
Term
Flesh eating Streptococcus pyogenes
Skin dies and muscle becomes infected. Need rapid therapy of which drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are used to remove the dead tissue sometimes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rheumatic Fever is a sequila. which disease does it follow? What does it result in? |
|
Definition
strep throat
Results in damage of heart valves and heart muscle. |
|
|
Term
| Rheumatic Fever is an _______ response to Streptococcus pyogenes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rheumatic Fever is ______ mediated. Antigens in heart are similar to
Antigens on Streptococcus pyogenes, and our_____attach to heart muscle, attack it and causes ____which can damage the heart valves. |
|
Definition
| antibody, antibodies, myocarditis |
|
|
Term
Acute Glomerulonephritis = AGN
Antibody-antigen complexes of ____ ____. Accumulate in ______.
Obstructs blood flow through _____. |
|
Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes, glomeruli, kidneys |
|
|
Term
Acute Glomerulonephritis = AGN
Sequela of ______ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acute Glomerulonephritis = AGN
Leads to ______ and ______ urine output
Face may be puffy, urine is _____ colored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute Glomerulonephritis = AGN may cause _____kidney damage in adults. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes |
|
Definition
| Observation of Gram-positive bacteria in short chains or pairs |
|
|
Term
Prevention of Streptococcus pyogenes:
Antibodies against M protein provide long-term protection against future infection of S. pyogenes ONLY it it is _____? |
|
Definition
the same strain of Streptococcus
(can get strep throat many times from different strains) |
|
|
Term
| GBS = Group B Streptococcus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Not until Lancefield classification scheme was Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS)Recognized in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Streptococcus agalactiae
Newborns with no antibodies are at risk of infection if born to previously uninfected mothers with no antibodies. Why is this? |
|
Definition
| No antibodies for S. agalactiae were passed to fetus during late gestation |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus agalactiae normally colonizes which 3 things? |
|
Definition
| GI, Genitals, and urinary tract |
|
|
Term
| Newborns can pick up _____ ______ in birth canal during birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CDC recommends prophylactic administration of ______ at birth to neonates whose mother’s urinary/genital tract is colonized with S. agalactiae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus _____Causes serious infections in newborns and immunocompromised people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
think Baby for GBS-
Streptococcus _____ causes Causes of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus agalactiae resides in human ____, ____, _____, and ______. |
|
Definition
| pharynx, vagina, urinary tract, and large intestine. |
|
|
Term
Viridans Streptococci
(verdant, viridis L. = green) |
|
Definition
| Many produce green pigment when grown on blood agar |
|
|
Term
| Viridans Streptococci is the normal flora in ____, ____, _____, ____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| Oral cavity, pharynx, GI tract, Urinary and genital tracts |
|
|
Term
Ex. Of Viridans Streptococci
Streptococcus mutans causes _____ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a dental procedures (routine cleaning teeth) there may be showers of Streptococcus mutans into the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus mutans may cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People with heart conditions or heart murmurs are given _____ antibiotics before visit to dentist. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram ____ cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly forms pairs called ______, formally called _______ _______ |
|
Definition
diplococci
Diplococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| There are ____ strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae discovered by ______. There are vaccines against ____ strains. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ % of all people carry Streptococcus pneumoniae as normal flora in mouth and pharynx without causing harm BUT if it moves to lungs causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steptococcus pneumoniae most common cause of which 3 things? |
|
Definition
Pneumonococcal pneumonia
Sinusitis
Otitis media |
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Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae important cause of _______ ________ (since we now have a vaccine for Hemophilus influenzae, HiB vaccine), _____ and _____. |
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Definition
Pneumococcal meningitis
Bacteremia/sepsis
Endocarditis |
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