Term
| If the abdomen is divided in to 3 (or 9) sections what are there names? |
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Definition
| Epigastric, Umbillical, and Hypogastric or Suprapubic |
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Term
| When examining the abdomen, one should move in what kind of direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artery often has a visible pulse in the abdominal area? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much urine does the bladder accomodate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is urination under volontary or involontary control |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Integrity of the Sacral Nerves that innervate the bladder can be tested by testing which Dermatones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the Costovertebral angle? |
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Definition
| Lower border of the 12th rib and the transverse processes of the upper lumbar vertebrae |
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Term
| Jaundice is a symptom of what kind of disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Polyuria is a symptom of what kind of disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral pain in the right upper quadrant may result from what? |
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Definition
| Liver distention against its capsule in alcoholic hepatitis. |
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Term
| Visceral periumbilical pain may signify early |
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Definition
| Acute appendicitis from distention of an inflamed appendix. It gradually changes to parietal pain in the right lower quadrant from inflammation of the adjacent parietal peritoneum. |
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Term
| Pain in the Suprapubic Region suggests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain in the Upper Right Quadrant suggests? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pain originates from inflammation in the parietal peritoneum. It is a steady, aching pain that is usually more severe than visceral pain and more precisely localized over the involved structure. It is typically aggravated by movement or coughing. Patients with this type of pain usually prefer to lie still. |
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Definition
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Term
| What pain is felt in more distant sites, which are innervated at approximately the same spinal levels as the disordered structures. Referred pain often develops as the initial pain becomes more intense and thus seems to radiate or travel from the initial site. It may be felt superficially or deeply but is usually well localized. |
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Definition
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Term
| What pain occurs when hollow abdominal organs such as the intestine or biliary tree contract unusually forcefully or are distended or stretched. Solid organs such as the liver can also become painful when their capsules are stretched. Visceral pain may be difficult to localize. It is typically palpable near the midline at levels that vary according to the structure involved |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain of duodenal or pancreatic origin may be referred to the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain from pleurisy or acute myocardial infarction may be referred to the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| pain from the biliary tree may be referred to the ? |
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Definition
| Right shoulder or the right posterior chest. |
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Term
| Studies suggest that neuropeptides like__________and_____________mediate interconnected symptoms of pain, bowel dysfunction, and stress? |
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Definition
| 5-Hydroxtryptophan and Substance P |
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Term
| In emergency rooms 40% to 45% of patients have? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 15-30% of people that go to the ER with non-specific pain need surgery for what usually? |
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Definition
| Appendicitis, Intertianl Obstruction or Cholecystitis |
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Term
| Epigastric pain occurs with ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Right upper quadrant and upper abdominal pain signify? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disorder of the inferior wall coronary artery disease may present as “indigestion,” but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bloating may occur with ? |
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Definition
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Term
| Belching occurs from ___________ or swallowing air? |
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Definition
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Term
| Multifactorial causes include ? |
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Definition
| Delayed gastric emptying (20%-40%), gastritis from H. pylori (20%-60%), peptic ulcer disease (up to 15% if H. pylori is present), and psychosocial factors. |
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Term
| Right lower quadrant pain or pain that migrates from the periumbilical region, combined with abdominal wall rigidity on palpation, is most likely to predict? |
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Definition
| Appendicitis. In women other causes include pelvic inflammatory disease, ruptured ovarian follicle, and ectopic |
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Term
| Cramping pain radiating to the right or left lower quadrant may be ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Left lower quadrant pain with a palpable mass may be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffuse abdominal pain with absent bowel sounds and firmness, guarding, or rebound on palpation indicates ? |
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Definition
| Small or large bowel obstruction |
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Term
| Change in bowel habits with mass lesion indicates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intermittent pain for 12 weeks of the preceding 12 months with relief from defecation, change in frequency of bowel movements, or change in form of stool (loose, watery, pellet-like), without structural or biochemical abnormalities are? |
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Definition
| Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome |
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Term
| Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting accompany many ? |
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Definition
| G.I. Disorders. These are all seen in pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis, adrenal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, uremia, liver disease, emotional states, adverse drug reactions, and other conditions. Induced vomiting without nausea is more indicative of anorexia/bulimia. |
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Term
| Regurgitation occurs in ? |
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Definition
| GERD, esophageal stricture, and esophageal cancer. |
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Term
| Fecal odor occurs with small bowel obstruction or ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hematemesis may accompany esophageal or gastric varices, gastritis, or ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of blood loss such as lightheadedness or syncope depend on the rate and volume of bleeding and are rare until blood loss exceeds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unpleasant abdominal fullness after light or moderate meals, or early satiety, the inability to eat a full meal. |
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Definition
| Consider diabetic gastroparesis, anticholinergic medications, gastric outlet obstruction, gastric cancer; early satiety in hepatitis. |
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Term
| Indicators of _____________ include drooling, nasopharyngeal regurgitation, and cough from aspiration in muscular or neurologic disorders affecting motility; gurgling or regurgitation of undigested food occur in structural conditions like Zenker's diverticulum. |
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Definition
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Term
| Esophageal Dysphagia discomfort occurs where? |
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Definition
| Pointing to below the sternoclavicular notch |
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Term
| If only solid foods are hard to swallow , consider structural esophageal conditions like? |
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Definition
| Esophageal stricture, web or Schatzki's ring, neoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Consider esophageal ulceration from radiation, caustic ingestion, or infection from Candida, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, or HIV. Can be pill-induced (aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents |
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Term
| If patients may complain of passing excessive gas, or flatus, normally about 600 ml per day. |
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Definition
| Consider aerophagia, legumes or other gas-producing foods, intestinal lactase deficiency, irritable bowel syndrome. |
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Term
| Acute diarrhea is usually caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic diarrhea is typically noninfectious in origin, as in? |
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Definition
| Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. |
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Term
| High-volume, frequent watery stools usually are from the small intestine; small-volume stools with tenesmus, or diarrhea with mucus, pus, or blood occur in? |
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Definition
| rectal inflammatory conditions. |
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Term
| Does Nocturnal diarrhea have pathologic significance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oily residue, sometimes frothy or floating occur with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty diarrheal stools, from malabsorption is seen in? |
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Definition
| Celiac Sprue insufficiency, and small bowel bacterial overgrowth. |
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Term
| T/F Diarrhea is common with use of penicillins and macrolides, magnesium-based antacids, metformin, and herbal and alternative medicines. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a good sign of obstructing “apple-core” lesion of the Sigmoid Colon |
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Definition
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Term
| Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and systemic sclerosis is associated with what GI disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Blood on the surface or toilet paper may occur with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Melena may appear with as little as___________ of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hematochezia if more than __________, usually from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. |
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Definition
| 100ml of blood and 1000ml of blood |
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Term
| Increased bilirubin, decreased bilirubin uptake by the hepatocyes and decreased ability of the liver toconjugat bilirubin signifys what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Impaired excretion of conjugated bilirubin occurs with ? |
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Definition
| viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and drug-induced cholestasis, as from oral contraceptives, methyl testosterone, and chlorpromazine. |
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Term
| Gallstones or pancreatic carcinoma may obstruct what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Painful urination accompanies? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bladder stones, foreign bodies, tumors; also acute prostatitis. In women, internal burning occurs in urethritis, and external burning in vulvovaginitis. |
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Term
| Urgency suggests bladder infection or irritation. In men, painful urination without frequency or urgency suggests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormally high renal production of urine suggests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Frequency without polyuria during the day or night ? |
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Definition
| suggests disorder or impairment to flow at or below the bladder neck.bladder |
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Term
| Stress incontinence with increased _____________ pressure suggests decreased contractility of urethral sphincter or poor support of bladder neck |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs if unable to hold the urine, suggests detrusor overactivity; overflow incontinence, when the bladder cannot be emptied until bladder pressure exceeds urethral pressure, indicates anatomical obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy or stricture, or neurogenic abnormalities. |
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Definition
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Term
| What may arise from impaired cognition, musculoskeletal problems, or immobility. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Kidney pain, fever, and chills occur in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal or ureteral colic is caused by ? |
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Definition
| sudden obstruction of a ureter, for example, from urinary stones or blood clots |
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