Term
|
Definition
| Tearing away of the superficial layers of the skin caused by blunt trauma-results from friction between the skin and a blunt surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Results from GH Adenoma. After closure of epiphyses will see soft tissue and bone enlargement. Metabolic changes include: Diabetes, HTN, Gonadal dysfunction and arthritis. S&S: Growth of the bones of the face(jaw and broadening of lower face), hands, and feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the 21-hydroxylase deficiency- Simple Virilizing without salt wasting, lvls of _______are increased, while in Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency lvls are reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| By far the most common cause of hyperpituitarism. Is classified on the basis of the hormone produced, most secrete one hormone, some may be silent. Most occur as isolated lesions, but they do occur with MEN syndromes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most widely used and abused drug in the world. Is an acute CNS depressant, with chronic abuse leading to cardiomyopathy, Wernicke's syndrome, and acute gastritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common problem associated with Hyperprolactinemia in women. |
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Term
| 107. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
Definition
| Disease charactorized by neuronal muscle atrophy. Hyperreflexia due to loss of lower and upper motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. 5-10% familial with AD inheritance. Asymmetric weakness of hands, cramping and spasticity of limbs. Diminished muscle bulk and strength. Fasiculations and eventually repiratory muscles involved. Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a disease tends to increase in severity and appear at a younger age in succeeding generations. Due to trinucleotide repeat. Associated with Myotonic dystrophy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Associated with Gonococcemia. Two types: Acute polyarticular and chronic from. Acute is free of culturable gonococci. Chronic form will involve one or two joints with purulent exudate and positive cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is present in insulation, construction materials and can be brought home on workers clothes to the family. Linked to: Localized fibrous pleural plaques, pleural effusions, parenchymal interstitial fibrosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, mesotheliomas and laryngeal cancers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of muscle fiber atrophy which occurs when a type group becomes denervated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term that describes conditions such as Myasthenia Gravis, Addisons disease, Graves disease and Hashimotos Thyroiditis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary destruction of the axon with secondary disintegration of the myelin sheath. Wallerian degeneration occurs in the distal portion of the axon which has been transected. |
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Term
| 114. Basophilic stippling |
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Definition
| This is associated with Anemia that results from overdose of lead or lead poisoning. Descriptive cellular term. |
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Term
| 115. Blastomyces dermatiditis |
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Definition
| Deep Fungal infection which is usually limited to the lungs, can be progressive with cavitation. Can however infect the skin and bones. Found in middle atlantic states and the Ohio and Mississippi river basins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Golden brown, fusiform or beaded rods with a translucent center. Associated with Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. They are asbestos fibers coated with an iron containing proteinaceous material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Associated with S. aureus respiratory tract infections. Is noted for destructiveness, abcesses, fistulas and empyema. Can also be associated with Klebsiella in 20% of hospitalized patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Development of Pneumoconiosis depends on size, shape, and __________ of the particles of dust retained in the lungs and airways. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most frequent cause of human fungal infections. Is part of the normal flora but is an opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised. Causes Thrush, vaginitis, and cutaneous infections. Kidneys are involved in 90% of cases and endocarditis (is invasive). Changes is pH allow this to overgrow. |
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Term
| 120. Carcinoma, follicular |
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Definition
| Second most common form of thyroid carcinoma. Increased incidence in areas of iodine deficiency. Most are single nodules composed of uniform cells forming small follicles. Slowly growing, painless nodules. Vascular invasion is common, lymphatic invasion is rare. |
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Term
| 121. Carcinoma, medullary |
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Definition
| Neuroendocrine cause of thyroid carcinoma (derived from C cells). 80% are sporadic, rest occur in MEN syndromes. Solitary nodule or multiple lesions. Amyloid stroma. S&S: Mass in the neck, paraneoplastic syndrome. If associated with MEN IIB is an aggressive tumor. |
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Term
| 122. Carcinoma, papillary |
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Definition
| Most common form of thyroid carcinoma. Occurs at any age and is associated with exposure to ionizing radiation. Nuclei with ground glass appearance and Psammoma bodies. Presents as asymptomatic thyroid nodule. First manifestation may be a mass in cervical lymph node. |
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Term
| 123. Clostridium perfringens |
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Definition
| Bacteria which possesses 17 possible virulence factors. Alpha toxin is most important. Degrades lecithin (cell membranes), destroys RBC's, platlets, muscle cells, and causes leukocyte lysis. Can cause Cellulitis from wounds and gas gangrene (life threatening) with gas production. Can also result in septicum (fever, shock, intravascular hemolysis). Usually fatal in hours. Gram positive, spore forming anaerobic bacilli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria which Possesses 17 possible virulence factors. Is a complication of nonhistotoxic soft tissue infection. Causes Tetanus due to neurotoxin. S&S: Convulsive contraction of voluntary muscles. "Lock jaw". Treatment: Anti-toxin, and supportive care, immunization. |
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Term
| 125. Coccidioides immitis |
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Definition
| Deep Fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores. Almost everyone who inhales the spores becomes infected and developes a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. 80% have skin reactions. 10% have lung lesions, fever, cough, pleuritic pain, and erythema nodosum. < 1% develope disseminated disease. Found in lower Sonoran desert life zone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Growth of the fungus in pulmonary cavities with minimal or no invasion of tissue. Cavities may result from pre-existing TB, sarcoidosis, old infarcts, or abcesses. Primary lesion is usually in the lung in immunosupressed hosts. Associated with Apergillosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hemorrhage and edema in the skin, soft tissue, or viscera caused by blunt trauma. Results from injury to small blood vessels without disrupting the continuity of the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| lots of things are decreased. Go look um up. |
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Term
| 129. Demyelination, segmental |
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Definition
| Occurs when there is dysfunction of schwann cells or damage to the myelin sheath. Disintegrating myelin is engulfed intitially by schwann cells and later by macrophages. Results in new, shorter internodes with new thinner myelin sheath. This affects efficiency of conduction. Over time this process leads to onion bulb formation. |
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Term
| 130. Deposits, radiodense |
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Definition
| She doesint talk about it. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Also known as Primary Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency. Autoimmune loss of adrenal cortex is most common cause. May be related to APS2 (which can be associated with type 1 diabetes). S&S: Not clinically evident until 90% of cortex is destroyed, weakness, fatigability, GI disturbances, hyperpigmentation, HYPERKALEMIA, HYPONATREMIA, VOLUME DEPLETION. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism. Triad of clinical findings: Hyperthyroidism, opthalmopathy, dermopathy (pre-tibial myxedema). Autoantibodies to TSH receptor(thyroid stimulating). Symmetric enlargement of thyroid, meaty appearance, cellular. S&S: Thyrotoxicosis, diffuse hyperplasia, opthalmopathy (edema, inflammation), dermopathy. Elevated T3 and T4, with increased radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This term is reserved for disease caused by four Shigella species. Due to ingestion of fecal contaminated food/water. S&S: Watery diarrhea changes to classic dysenteric stools- blood, mucus, sloughed pseudomembranes. Fever, nausea, vomiting, tenesmus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the myocyte membrane during shape change associated with contraction. Is normally located adjecent to the sarcolemmal membrane in myocytes. Xp21 Gene mutations cause this to be virtually absent in Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common form of adult dystrophy. Autosomal dominant pattern which displays "Anticipation". Cardinal symptom is Myotonia. Will see an increase in the number of internal nuclei, ring fibers and will present clinically with gait abnormalities due to weakness of foot dorsiflexors, atrophy of facial muscles and complainst of stiffness. Myotonia can be elicited by percussion of the thenar eminence. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Form of Enterocolitis caused by E. coli infection of serotype 0157:H7. Causes a bloddy diarrhea occasionally followed by hemolytic uremic syndrome. Is a shiga like toxin with no invasion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cause of staphylococcal food poisoning. Stimulates the emetic receptors in abdominal viscera. Is heat resistant. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A group A streptococcal suppurative disease. Common in middle aged adults in warm climates. S&S: Rapidly spreading cutaneous erythema. Can begin on face and spread to body. "Butterfly" distribution. Rash has a well demarcated boarder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A gram negative rod which is normal flora. Can cause septicemia, UTI's, abdominal cavity infections, enterocolitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A group A streptococcal nonsuppurative disease associated with group A pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Most frequent between 3-15 yrs. Caused by an erythrogenic toxin. S&S: Exanthum, found on trunk and inner aspects of the thighs, Strawberry tongue. Self limiting but at risk for post strep complications. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This is caused by ingestion of bacteria in fecal contaminated food or water. Infants, children and eldarly are at highest risk. S&S: Fever, chills, abdominal pain, alternating diarrhea/constipation, rose spots and direct invasion of bowel wall (cause ulcers). Bowel perforation may occur. Mortality if untreated is 10-20%. Caused by Salmonella typhi for which humans are only reservoir. |
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Term
| 142. Fibrosis, progressive, massive |
|
Definition
| Type of Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis with extensive fibrosis and with lung function compromised. Characterized by blackened scars >2 cm and up to 10 cm. Also called Complicated CWP. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of growth or lesion associated with MEN IIB or III syndrome. |
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Term
| 144. Goiter, Diffuse Nontoxic (simple) |
|
Definition
| Thyroid disease characterized by diffuse gland involvement (no nodularity). Enlarged: 100-150 grams. Impaired synthesis of thyroid hormone, frequently due to iodine deficient diet. Increased TSH. Two stages: hyperplastic and colloid involution. |
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Term
| 145. Goiter, Multinodular |
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Definition
| Thyroid disease characterized by extreme enlargement, may be >2000 grams. Asymmetric, nodular, may fill thoracic inlet causing compression. May have hemorrhage, scarring and calcification. Most patients euthyroid, can be hypo or hyper. Mass effects: compression of airway, dysphagia, compression of large vessels in the neck. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pharyngitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, impetigo, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and erythema nodosum. Are all part of what Strep? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neonatal sepsis and UTI are part of what Strep? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Second most common type of pituitary adenoma. Tend to be large. Granulated cells, appearing acidophilic or chromophobic in routine sections. S&S: Giantism and acromegaly, with skin changes and peripheral neuropathy. Elevated GH, IGF-1 lvls with insulin resistance. |
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Term
| 149. Histoplasma capsulatum |
|
Definition
| Deep fungal infection which gains entry to body through the lungs. Very common in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys. Functions as an intracellular parasite of macrophages. Self limited and often latent primary pulmonary infection. Chronic, progressive, sucondary lung infection with localized lesions in extrapulmonary sites. Widely disseminated disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto thyroiditis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition characterized by overproduction of aldosterone, sodium retention, hypokalemia, hypertension. Primary: adrenal neoplasm (conn syndrome), supression of renin-angiotensin system. Secondary: activation of renin-angiotensin system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Look up everything that has to do with Hyperplasia, cause there is a lot. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with hyperaldosteronism as a clinical sign and symptom. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Common problem associated with Hyperprolactinemia in males. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tons of stuff can be increased
look it up I guess. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rough edged split or tear in the skin, soft tissues, or viscera caused by blunt trauma. |
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|
Term
| 157. Listeria monocytogenes |
|
Definition
| Bacteria which causes severe food borne infections (diary, chicken, processed meats). Pregnant women, infants, and immunosuppressed are at increased risk. Can cause abortion, stillbirth, neonatal infections, disseminated disease, meningitis. Only activated macrophages can kill this. |
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Term
| 158. MEN I (Wermer Syndrome) |
|
Definition
| Syndrome characterized by Pituitary adenomas, Parathyroid hyperplasia, Pancreatic Islets adenoma, carcinoma and hyperplasia, Adrenal Cortical hyperplasia, Thyroid c-cell hyperplasia. Caused by germ line mutation in the MEN1 gene. (tumor suppressor gene.) |
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Term
| 159. MEN IIA (Sipple Syndrome, MEN II) |
|
Definition
| Syndrome in which medullary carcinoma of the thyroid occur in 100%. Mutations in RET which cause activation of the gene. 40-50% have pheochromocytomas. Also see: Parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma, Adrenal pheochromocytoma, Thyroid medullary carcinoma. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Syndrome which has overlap with MEN IIA. Medullary carcinomas are multifocal and more aggressive than in MEN IIA. Neuromas or gangioneuromas involving the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, respiratory tract and GI tract. Marfinoid habitus and RET gene mutation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suppurative disease caused by Neisseriae Meningococcus. Can be sporadic or epidemic-especially in areas where young adults are living in close contact--dorm, barracks. S&S: Fever, headache, photophobia, change in mental status, stiff neck, spinal tap will be purulent. Transmission is by respiratory droplets. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tumor Arising from either the visceral or parietal pleura. Increased incidence among people with exposure to asbestos (long latent period). Mixture of two cell types: Mesenchymal stromal cells and Epithelial-like cells. S&S: Dyspnea is usually the first sign, productive cough, then may progress to congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale and death. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of Tuberculosis which is widely disseminated with hemotogenous and lymphatic spread. Has small granulomas resembling millet seeds. |
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Term
| 164. Muscular Dystrophy, Beckers |
|
Definition
| X-linked recessive disease with mutations causing diminished dystrophin amounts of an abnormal molecular weight. Occurs later in childhood or adolescence, slower rate of progression and pts may have normal life span. |
|
|
Term
| 165. Muscular Dystrophy, Duchennes |
|
Definition
| Most common form of muscular dystrophy. X-linked recessive. Gene located on Xp21 that codes for dystrophin. Normal at birth. Manifests around 5 yrs old. Delayed walking, Gower's maneuver. Symptoms begin at pelvic girdle, then pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles, cardiac involvement and cognitive impairment. Will have degeneration, necrosis, and phagocytosis of both type 1 and 2 myofibers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Autoimmune muscle disease caused by immune-mediated loss of acetylcholine receptors and having characteristic temporal and anatomic patterns as well as drug response. Thymic hyperplasia in 65%. Before age 40 F>M, at later age is = . Pts manifest with weakness, first with extraocular muscles. Weakness fluctuates. 95% survive 5 yrs. |
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Term
| 167. Mycobacteria, atypical |
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Definition
| Bacteria Ubiquitous in nature. Primarily infectious aerosol transmission. Usually seen in compromised hosts. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare--typically infects the gastrointestinal tract. |
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Term
| 168. Myopathy, mitochondrial |
|
Definition
| Aggregation of abnormal mitochondria. Class 1 is AD or AR coded by nuclear DNA. Class 2 and 3 are Maternal inheritance pattern. Class 1 is caused by point mutations, class 2 by deletions or duplications. 1/5 of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation are incoded on mtDNA. RAGGED RED FIBERS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A major clinical result of Hypothyroidism. Found in older children or adults. Insidious onset with slowing of physical and mental activity, listlessness and cold intolerance. Will have many symptoms including edema and thickened dry, coarse skin. Thickened skin is due to accumulation of matrix substances. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is associated with Acetaminophen when taken in large amounts. This is defined as centrlobular in nature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Impingement of the common digital nerves between the metatarsal heads and transversely running soft tissues. S&S: pain and parasthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| These are involved in conditions such as ALS, prion diseases and Varicella-Zoster Virus latent infections. Are also effected negatively by alcohol. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Composed of a proliferation of long spindled nerual nuclear elements in a loose myxoid stroma. Arises within or are attched to nerve trunks anywhere. 3 types: Cutaneous, subcutaneous and plexiform. Plexiform have a 5% chance to undergo malignant transformation. |
|
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Term
| 174. Neuropathy, autonomic |
|
Definition
| Type of neuropathy associated with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Present in 20-40% of diabetics. |
|
|
Term
| 175. Neuropathy, sensorimotor |
|
Definition
| Most common form of neuropathy associated with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Will have decreased sensation in the distal extremities with comparably less evident motor abnormalities. Loss of pain sensation can result in neurotropic ulcers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of lesion at point of contact associated with Sporotrichosis. Type of granulomatous inflammation associated with Leporasy. Also discribes the cortex of Non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pigmented hamartomas of the iris. Present in -94% of pts 6 years or older. Asymptomatic but helpful in diagnosis of NF. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Represents approximately 20% of pituitary adenomas. Nonfunctional. Patients present with mass effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sequential episodes of demyelination and remyelination caused by segmental demyelination leads to concentric layering of schwann cell processes which causes PALPABLE nerve enlargement. These are known as_____? Seen in HMSN 1 and 3. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition in which nerve conduction is inhibited. Can be asending or descending. With Descending (Botulism) you see cranial nerve involvement, neck muscles and diaphram. With ascending (Guillain-Barre syndrome) you see loss of DTR, decreased nerve conduction velocity, increased CSF protein. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rare cause of hypertension. 85% in adrenal medulla. 90% are sporadic and unilateral. S&S: Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, sweating, tremor, apprehension, chest pain, paroxysms (sudden release of catecholamines). Diagnose by catacholamines and metabolites in urine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of neurofibroma. Is a huge, multilobar pendulous mass-can be 20 cm or more in greatest diameter. About 5% undergo malignant transformation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with S. pneumoniae respiratory infections. Is more common than bronchopneumonia. Also associated with Klebsiella infections acquired outside of a hospital setting. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of Syphilis associated with chancre. Firm, nontender at site of inoculation. Usually appears about 3 weeks after contact with infected individual. Will see regional lymphadenopathy. Untreated will last for about 10-14 days. Heals without a scar. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased lvls of this are scene with a prolactinoma, which is the most common type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenom. Lvls are proportional to tumor growth. Easily seen in women of reproductive age, symptoms: Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, libido loss, infertility. In men: libido loss, impotence, hypogonadism. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon associated with Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy. Seen primarily in the calf muscles. First will be fiber hypertrophy, followed later by fat and connective tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in serum Ca stimulates the synthesis and secretion of _________ from the parathryroid. High lvls of this and Ca are diagnostic Sporadic parathyroid adenoma. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Type of Syphilis with wide dissemination throughout the body. Presents with mucocutaneous rash. Usually macular, can be papular or pustular. On palms and plantar aspect of the foot. White oral lesions. Condyloma lata. Headache, arthritis. Resolves spontaneously. Occurs 2-10 weeks after primary chancre. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Describes a type of neuropathy, which can be associated with DM, and Varicella-Zoster virus travels in these type of neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis in which there is accumulation of macrophages with little or no pulmonary dysfunction. Coal nodules-which are coal dust filled macrophages in close proximity to alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Concentration, size, shape and _________ of the different forms of asbestos dictate whether Asbestosis will occur. |
|
|
Term
| 192. Staphylococcus aureus |
|
Definition
| Coagulase positive, gram positive bacteria which is a major cause of infections in pts with severe burns and surgical wounds. 2nd only to E. coli as cause of hospital acquired infections. Can cause soft tissue infections (paronichia, cellulitis), respiratory infections (bronchopneumonia), suppurative infections (osteomyelitis and septic arthritis), non-suppurative infections (scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome), and food poisoning. |
|
|
Term
| 193. Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| Gram positive airborne organism which is the major cause of community acquired pneumonia. Lobar pneumonia is more common than bronchopneumonia in out patients. In hospitalized or elderly it is diffuse involvement. Opportunistic infection post splenectomy, in elderly or COPD. Also causes sinusitis, otitis media and meningitis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condition defined as the coexistence of RA with a pneumoconiosis leading to the development of distinctive nodular pulmonary lesions. These develop rapidly and are similar to RA nodules. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Any condition that produces elevated glucocorticoid lvls. Morphology depends on cause: Cortical atrophy, diffuse hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasis, adenoma or carcinoma. Drug induced. S&S: Central obesity with "moon" facies. Decrease muscle mass, hyperglycemia, glucosuria and polydipsia, mental disturbances and osteoporosis. Loss of normal diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion. |
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|
Term
| 196. Syndrome, empty sella |
|
Definition
| Rarely associated with hypopituitarism. Two causes: Primary- herniation of subarachnoid space into sella turcica through a defect in the diaphragma sellae. Secondary- mass enlarges the sella, then is removed. Enlarged empty sella. |
|
|
Term
| 197. Syndrome, Guillain-Barre |
|
Definition
| An acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. 2/3 caused by an acute viral illness. Felt to be immunologically mediated by circulating antibodies. Will have peripheral nerve inflammation and segmental demyelination. Axonal damage may occur. Will see ascending paralysis, loss of DTR, nerve conduction velocity decrease and COD is usually respiratory paralysis. Mortality in 2-5%. |
|
|
Term
| 198. Syndrome, Hemolytic-Uremic |
|
Definition
| Describes a combination of acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. Endothelial damage is associated with a deficiency of prostocyclin activator, and intravascular coagulation. This can lead to hyaline thrombi and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Can be caused by E. coli, Shiga toxin. |
|
|
Term
| 199. Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic |
|
Definition
| Distinct disease of the neuromuscular junction. Typically is a paraneoplastic syndrome (small cell cancer of lung 60%) Proximal muscle weakness and autonomic dysfunction due to fewer ACh vesicles being released at each action potential or due to antibodies to presynaptic calcium channels which results in impaired release of ACh. |
|
|
Term
| 200. Syndrome, scalded skin |
|
Definition
| Occurs in newborns, infants, and children < 3 yrs old. A nonsuppurative Complication of staph pharyngitis or conjunctivitis. Clinically: fever, erythema, and exfoliation. Usually self limited. Rarely fatal. |
|
|
Term
| 201. Syndrome, toxic shock |
|
Definition
| Occurs in young women: associated with use of tampons. A nonsuppurative complication of staph vaginitis. S&S: Volume resistant shock, diffuse macular rash, sore throat, pronounced GI upset, myalgia, desquamation and high fever. Sometimes fatal (10-15%) Late sequelae: Chronic renal failure, Prolonged neuromuscular disorders. |
|
|
Term
| 202. Syndrome, Waterhouse-Friderichsen |
|
Definition
| Associated with Meningococcemia. Uncommon but catastrophic. Massive adrenal hemorrhage as a complication of bacteremic infection. More common in children. Overwhelming bacterial infection, rapidly progressive hypotension leading to shock, DIC. Rapidly developing adrenocortical insufficiency associated with bilateral hemorrhage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most active form of Thyroid hormone. Majority arises from peripheral deiodination of T4. Can participate in negative feedback of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Lvls are decreased in hypothyroidism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS manifestation of tertiary syphilis with posterior root involvment especially in the lumbosacral region. S&S: Unsteadiness, wide based gait, decreased proprioception and vibratory sensation, muscular hypotonia and hyporeflexia. Neurogenic bladder with overflow incontinence. Charcot joint, Argyll Robertson Pupils (react poorly to light, react well to accommodation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of Syphilis which presents with active inflammatory lesions of the heart (80%), aorta (ascending aneurysm), and CNS. Quiescent lesions (gummas), typically in liver, bones and skin. Years after the chancre. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Convulsive contraction of voluntary muscles. Can result in lock jaw. Can be a complication of nonhistotoxic soft tissue infection as seen with C. tetani infections, or it is associated with hypoparathyroidism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of thyroid complication is found to occur in 15% of people with Myasthenia Gravis. |
|
|
Term
| 208. Thyroiditis, Hashimoto |
|
Definition
| Most common cause of Hypothyroidism in areas of the world with sufficient iodine. Associated with other autoimmune disorders (DM type 1). Genetic (HLA-DR5). Autoimmune, Primarily due to defect in T cells. Diffuse, painless enlargement of thyroid with pale gray-tan cut surface. Small follicles lined by Hurthle cells. Can present as thyrotoxicosis. Increased risk for development of B-cell lymphoma. |
|
|
Term
| 209. Thyroiditis, subacute (granulomatous) |
|
Definition
| Less common cause of thyroiditis than Hoshimoto. Usually viral or post viral with a history of upper respiratory infections. Enlarged firm gland with intial actue inflammation and later chronic inflammation and giant cells. S&S: Neck pain, malaise, fever, myalgia, fatigue. Transient hyperthyroidism then hypothyroidism (asymptomatic) |
|
|
Term
| 210. Thyroiditis, subacute lymphocytic |
|
Definition
| Uncommon cause of thyroiditis. Associated with HLA-DR3 and DR5. Mild symmetric enlargement and multifocal inflammatory infiltrate. Associated with hyperthyroidism. Develops over 1-2 weeks. Lasts 2-8 weeks. Labs: Decreased TSH, increased T3 and T4 when hyperthyroid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in untreated or inadequately treated patients. Will see increase in the S&S of thyrotoxicosis. Often precipitated by emergency medical condition such as sepsis. S&S: irritability and nervousness, delirium, coma, fever, tachycardia, vomiting and diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hormone released from the pituitary which acts on the thyroid. Deficiency causes secondary hypothyroidism or primary hyperthyroidism. Increased lvls can cause thyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia. |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| Skeletal Muscle fiber type charactorized by the following: Slow twitch, high in myoglobin, many mitochondria, fatigue slowly, red color, scant glycogen and are used for sustained force and weight bearing. Postural muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skeletal Muscle fiber type charactorized by the following: Fast twitch, few mitochondria, abundant glycogen,increased glycolytic enzymes, increased with androgenic steroids, decreased with disuse atrophy. For sudden quick movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of muscle fiber atrophy when there is loss of the checkerboard pattern of type 1 and type 2 myofibers. This is a result of the loss of innervation with reinnervation. |
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Definition
| Disease that is transmitted by ingestion of bacteria in fecal contaminated food/water. Noninvasive. Diarrhea caused by enterotoxin encoded in virulence phage. Enterotoxin is nearly identical to E. coli. S&S: Rice water diarrhea. Treat with oral fluid replacement. |
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Definition
| Smooth edged cut in the skin, soft tissue, or viscera caused by sharp trauma. |
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant disease w/problems on NF-1 gene on chromosome 17 which down regulates p21 ras oncogene. 3 main features: Mulitple neural tumors, numerous pigmented skin lesions (café au lait spots), pigmented iris hamartomas (lish nodules). Also known as Von Recklinghausen disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autosomal dominant disease w/problems on tumor suppressor gene of chromosome 22. Can manifest with: bilateral acoustic schwannoma, multiple meningiomas, ependymomas of the spinal cord, non-neoplastic lesions. Have café au lait spots but not lisch nodules. |
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