Term
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Definition
| The study of some one walking. |
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Term
| What are the 3 components to Gait Analysis? |
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Definition
| Visual Observation, Quantitative Measurement and Biomechanical Analysis. |
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Term
| How do you preform a Gait Analysis? |
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Definition
| Start from head and work your way down to feet. |
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Term
| T/F Gait Analysis is easy to pick up and is quite enjoyable? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Patients will need to walk for a while sometimes to get a thurough Gait Analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Head is primarily observed in what plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should the head be during gait? |
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Definition
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Term
| What could a head tilt during gait indicate? |
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Definition
| Problem with extraocular muscles, scoliosis, neurologic deficit, degenerative joint disease (of the neck), neuromuscular ds, or a Limb Length Discrepancy. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of Limb Length Discrepancies? |
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Definition
| Osseous (bony) and Functional |
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Term
| What does it mean if the head is tilted toward the shorter limb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean if the head is tilited toward the longer limb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Functional Length Discrepancy? |
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Definition
| Where one foot is more proated than the other the head will tilit toward the pronated (shorter) side. |
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Term
| T/F Observation of the head is difficult in the Transverse Plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should observation of the head in the sagittal plane be made? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you look for in the head when observing from the sagittal plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may a forwrard or backward tilt of the head indicate? |
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Definition
| Postural problems such as kyphosis. |
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Term
| What could abnormal motion or lack of neck control indicate? |
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Definition
| Neurologic Problems (suck as Prarkinson's Ds or somesort of Distonia) |
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Term
| What should be observed in the shoulders in the fronal plane? |
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Definition
| Shoulders should be even, or parallel to the transverse plane. Look for tilit in the frontal plane. |
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Term
| What would a shoulder tilit suggest? |
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Definition
| Postural problem such as Scoliosis or possibly a bony or functional limb length discrepancy. |
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Term
| Which side will the shoulders tilt in a limb length discrepency? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should the shoulders be in the sagittal plane? |
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Definition
| Even. Not slumped forward. |
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Term
| What does forward slumping shoulders suggest? |
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Definition
| Poor posture or a possible kyphosis. |
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Term
| What should you observe in the shoulders in the transverse plane? |
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Definition
| Shoulders should be rotating the CONTRALATERAL hip. |
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Term
| T/F Arm swing should be symetrical? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an asymetry suggest in Arm swing? |
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Definition
| May indicate balance problem, or possible neurologic manifestation. |
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Term
| What should you observe in arm swing in the saggital plane? |
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Definition
| Normal arm swing is 2/3 anterior to a line representing the frontal plane passing through the body and 1/3 posterior to the frontal plane line. |
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Term
| T/F Circumduction in one arm may normally be greater than the opposite side? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which arem should swing forward as the right leg extends for heel contact. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does excessive arm swing in the sagittal plane mean? |
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Definition
| Compensation for decreased motion in the trunk, hips, knee, lower leg, or the foot. |
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Term
| T/F If decreased arm swing is seen in the sagittal plane, then it is a compensation for excessive motion in the trunk or more distally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may asymmetrical rotation indicate in pelvis and trunk rotation? |
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Definition
| Variance in the normal weight transfer sequence (abnormal propulsive STJ pronation) |
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Term
| What does a difference in the levels of the iliac crests suggest? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the right iliac crest is higher and the right shoulder is higher, then what are you looking at? |
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Definition
| an UNCOMPENSATED limb length discrepency. |
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Term
| How should the patella be situated during the stance phase of gait? |
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Definition
| Internally rotated for the 1st 25% of stance phase and then it should externally rotate until it is straight ahead during midstance. It then continues to externally rotate throughout the propulsive period. (thus if follows the lower limb in rotating.) |
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Term
| What is our window to the transverse plane motion of the LE? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does internal (external) rotated knee suggest? |
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Definition
| Tight medial (lateral) musculature or internal (external) femoral position. |
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Term
| What should be noted in the fronal plane when observeing the knees? |
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Definition
| If the is a Genu Valgum/Varum |
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Term
| What is almost always present with Genu Valgum/Varum? |
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Definition
| Coxa Vara/Valgum, respectively. |
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Term
| What is closely associated with Genu Valgum/Varum? |
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Definition
| Tibial Valgum/Varum, respectively. |
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Term
| What should you look for when observing the knee in the sagittal plane? |
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Definition
| Hyperextended knee (Genu Recurvatum). This deformity may be observed in static stance as well as gait. |
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Term
| What is Genu Recurvatum, frequently seen with? |
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Definition
| Equinas (Tight Soleus group) |
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Term
| What can Genu Recurvatum cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal Angle of Gait? |
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Definition
| 8-15 degrees abducted for the Line of Progression. |
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Term
| What is another name for a Gionometer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a normal Base of Gait? |
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Definition
| 1 to 1.5 inches between medail malleoli. |
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Term
| What may an excessively wide base of gait be associated with? |
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Definition
| Diminished proprioceptive or vestibular fx. (also increased size of limbs and weight, most commonly) |
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Term
| Motion of what structure in the frontal plane is used as a gauge of the STJ motion? |
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Definition
| Calcaneus (the window to the STJ) |
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Term
| What is used as the best reference for the motion of the calcaneus? |
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Definition
| Vertical Bisection of the Calcaneus with the floor |
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Term
| How should the calcaneus be positioned at the start of CP? |
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Definition
| Slightly inverted (indicating slighty supinated STJ) |
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Term
| How long is Stance Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which direction is the Calcaneal Fat Pad displaced during stance and gait? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the calcaneal fat pad naturally displaced laterally, does the skin movement error on the side of too much eversion or inversion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should the STJ be during CP? |
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Definition
| Pronated, to absorb shock |
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Term
| What is the position of the STJ during MP? |
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Definition
| Pronated, but supinating (The STJ should reach its neutral position by the end of MP) |
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Term
| By the end of MP the STJ is supinated, which is reflected by what in the calcaneus? |
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Definition
| The Calcaneus being inverted |
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Term
| How long does the STJ continue to supinate? |
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Definition
| Until just before toe off. |
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Term
| What should the patient be observed for at toe off in the transverse plane? |
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Definition
| Abductory Twist of the foot. |
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Term
| What is an Abductory Twist? |
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Definition
| The Calcaneus swings in the transverse plane. |
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Term
| When in an Abductory Twist seen? |
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Definition
| In Equinas, also may be seen in patients with a FF Valgus if there is sudden pronation just prior to toe off. |
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Term
| How is the MTJ observed in the transverse plane? |
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Definition
| The lateral border of the FF will apear ABDUCTED on the RF if the MTJ is in a pronated position. (Opposite for supinated, C-shaped foot) |
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Term
| What should the patient be observed for at the MTJ in the sagittal plane? |
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Definition
| Abnormal STJ pronation, a sagittal plane subluxation can occur at the MTJ as the end of MP and during the PP of gait. |
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Term
| What causes the subluxation that can occur at the MTJ due to STJ pronation at the end of MP and during PP? |
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Definition
| The RF flexing over the FF due to the loss of the rigid lever. This is Known as a Midtarsal Joint Break |
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Term
| What is present if the patients gait is propulsive? |
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Definition
| Flexing of the MPJs during propulsion and blanching of the digits. |
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Term
| What are the Seven Steps to Gait Analysis |
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Definition
| Head, shoulders, arms, pelvis and trunk, knee, angle of gait and base, and feet during during gait. |
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Term
| What is present if the patients gait is apropulsive? |
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Definition
| NO flexing of the MPJs during propulsion and a lack of blanching of the digits during propulsion. |
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Term
| What else may be present if the patient is apropulsive? |
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Definition
| Shorter strides or shuffling. |
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Term
| What should be present for a "Ideal Conditions" for a gait analysis? |
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Definition
| Well lit area. Enough space to ambulate normally. Unobstructed views of patients head, shoulders, torso, hips, knees, and feet. Patient in bathing suit. |
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Term
| What is the minimum that you need to be able to see to do an effective gait analysis? |
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Definition
| Feet, ankles and hopefully the knees. |
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