Term
|
Definition
a molecule (for compounds, consisting of molecules) or
the smallest fragment with the same ratio between atoms, as in the compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formula shows how many atoms of each type are present in the formula unit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numbers in the formula unit that state the number of each element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
show how many formula units react and
how many formula units are formed in the reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numbers that precede each molecule which state the numbers of each molecule present in the reaction. |
|
|
Term
| One-Step chemical schemes |
|
Definition
show, which compounds react, which compounds
are formed, which compounds and conditions affect the reaction. |
|
|
Term
| Criteria for One-Step chemical schemes. (4) |
|
Definition
- At least one organic compound must be present in the left part of the scheme
- All other reacting compounds are usually called “reagents” and shown either
in the left part of the scheme or over the reaction arrow.
- Chemical coefficients are not shown, except if you need to show some
stoichiometric features of the reaction.
- Some reaction products, especially inorganic ones, are often not shown. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accept a pair of electrons from a low-energy orbital, producing the conjugate base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| donate a pair of electrons to a low-energy orbital, producing the conjugate acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| donate H+, producing the conjugate base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accept H+, producing the conjugate acid. |
|
|
Term
| Acids in Aqueous solutions |
|
Definition
| produce H+ and the conjugate base. |
|
|
Term
| Bases in aqueous solutions. |
|
Definition
| Produce OH- and the conjugate acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Product of the reaction of an acid and a base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce H+ and the anion of the conjugated base. |
|
|
Term
| Hydroxides of alkali and alkali earth metals in dissociation |
|
Definition
| Produce OH- and the cation of the corresponding metal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce cations of the metal and anions of the rest of the molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A selected set of dependently changing parameters is called the reaction coordinate. |
|
|
Term
| Sections of the surface of potential energy |
|
Definition
| Graphs that show how the potential energy depends on one selected parameter or on a set of dependently changing parameters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minima on the surface of potential energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maxima on the surface of potential energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the path of the chemical system from one intermediate to the next one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of reaction steps |
|
|
