Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Yates Oceanography Final
Chapters 12-15 (including spring '15 class ppt q&a)
33
Geology
Undergraduate 2
05/05/2015

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Which oceans have the highest productivity?
Definition
Tropical Oceans/Low Latitude
Term
Why does the size of the fish matter?
Definition
The size of the fish feeds us details about its age. The larger the fish the older it is, according to its species. Fish that have lived longer are more susceptible to diseases and chemical pollution may be stored in their fat cells. Any predator that eats the fish will then be inclined to inherit those diseases and poison as well, and in larger quantities.
Term
Why does the sex of the person eating the fish matter?
Definition
Because of the high levels of mercury some fish contain and the what is does to the female body. Women of child-bearing age must be very careful and watch the amount of fish they eat, where they get their fish from, and why type of fish they are eating. The mercury levels in fish are of particular concern, along with PCBs and other chemical pollutants. These pollutants can affect the female reproduction system and cause birthing defects or pass the chemical along to the newborn through the womb.
Term
Give an example of a Marine Food Chain.
Definition

Blue Whales
|
Krill (Zooplankton)

|

Diatoms (Phytoplankton)

Term
What are red tides?
Definition
H.A.B.s or Harmful Algal Blooms
Term

Tragedy of the Commons: 

When something is free, it will be used up...

Definition

Depletion of renewable resources by people who have shared and unmanaged access.

"If he's getting more; I want more."

Term
Coral Bleaching
Definition
Zooxanthellae
Term
Coral Reforestation
Definition
Elkhorn and Staghorn is used to grow new coral
Term
Whaling still takes place in...?
Definition
Japan, Norway, and Iceland
Term
Seaweed is used in:
Definition
Food, Medicine, and Cosmetics (All of the Above)
Term
Jellyfish are increasing in population because...?
Definition
All causes are contributing to the increase in the jellyfish population.
Term
Piracy has affected oceanography in what ways?
Definition
Pirates have affected research on weather, killed scientists, and cost researchers billions of dollars (all of the above).
Term
The Dubai Artificial Islands are affecting the environments of which organisms?
Definition
Benthic
Term
Which countries are a part of the Arctic Council?
Definition
All countries listed are a part of the Arctic Council.
Term
The Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico:
Definition
Enters through the Carribbean current and exits through the Gulf Stream current.
Term
The Eastern Trash Heap in the Pacific Ocean is the size of which U.S. state?
Definition
Texas
Term
What is the white flowy stuff that floats on the ocean surface?
Definition
Herring semen (fish sperm).
Term
List two of the ten top commercial fisheries.
Definition

Tuna

Haddock

Pollock

Herring

Shrimp

Sardines

Crab

Term
Pelagic
Definition
lives in the water column
Term
Benthic Environment:
Definition

Epifauna - on the surface of the sea floor

Infauna - live buried in the sediment of the sea floor

Nektobenthic - swim or crawl through the water above the sea floor

Term
Fish don't sink because...?
Definition
Swim bladders (O2,CO2,N2), constant swimming, or through currents (like sharks or rays).
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Blood cell, which has high salinity, is dropped in fresh water (low salinity). The fresh water tries to create an equilibrium and the cell ruptures.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
The Blood cell, which has high salinity, is balanced by salt water and swells up.
Term
Photic Zone
Definition

Contains everything above the Aphotic Zone, i.e. the euphotic and disphotic zone included.

This is the uppermost layer of sea water lit by the sun.

(Photos = light)

Term
Euphotic Zone
Definition

The upper part of the photic zone where the most biological productivity in the ocean occurs.

(Eu = good)

Term
Disphotic Zone
Definition

Though light is present in the disphotic zone, it's not light enough to allow photosynthesis to generate much carbohydrate as would be used by an autotroph throughout the day.

(Dys = difficult)

Term
Sustainable Yield
Definition
Largest long-term average of catch that can be taken from a stock of fish without depressing the species' ability to reproduce.
Term
Bycatch
Definition

Species caught that were not intended to be caught

(800x the fish being targeted)

Term
Problems with overfishing
Definition

We don't know how many fish there are in the sea

The reproduction rate is unknown

Because fish are migratory we don't know where they live

We don't know who to blame for taking all the fish (fisheries and worldwide)

It's tough to enforce rules/laws worldwide for poaching, etc.

Term
Aquaculture
Definition
The growing or farming of plants or animals in any water environment under controlled conditions.
Term
Benefits/Advantages of Aquaculture
Definition

Less dangerous and harmful fishing technique

Decressed pressure on wild fisheries

Increase in job availability

Increases the food supply and dietary needs of others

More money

Term
Disadvantages of Aquaculture
Definition
  • Possible introduction of non-native species and GMOs if escape
  • Predators
  • Fish meals/Cannibalism
  • Fish sewage - poop, diseases, lice, etc.
  • Herbacides to control algae
  • Drugs and Antibiotics to control diseases
  • Anti-fouling paints so the poles don't rust - more chemical pollutants
  • Destroying habitats for native species (specifically mangrove forests where yellow sharks live for shrimp & tilapia farming)

 

Term
Low Productivity in Tropics
Definition
Pycnocline creates a barrier between the nutrient rich water underneath. Permanent Thermocline. Areas of active upwelling receive high productivity during El Nino, etc.
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