Term
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Definition
Derived From Organisms livingin the water sea floor
Calcareous CaCO3
Siliceous SiO2-nH20
Organic Matter (C6H12O6)
If Pelagic sediment are more than 30% biogenic material they are called oozes
Calcareous Oooze (Foram Ooze)
Siliceous Ooze (Diatom Ooze Etc) |
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Term
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Definition
Foraminifera - Single Cell Animals
Pleropods - Snail like organisms
Coccolithphorids - Single Celled Plants
Coral - multi Celled Colonial Animals
Calcareous Algae - Multicelled plants
Mollusks - Gastropod, Pelecrypods, Cephalapods |
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Term
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Definition
| Algae. Snowflake of the sea, Used for filters |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diatoms and Radiolarians Dissolve Rate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Form onthe seafloor or within the seidment
Minerals Precipitate directly out of seawater or sediments porewater
Phosphorite |
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Term
| PHOSPHORATES are used as: (Part of Agricultural Revolution) |
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Definition
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Term
| Space between sediments is known as " " space |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occur on Abyssal Planes with low seidment accumialation and grow slowly over thousands of years |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Have to consume to survive |
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Term
| Sediments Distribution is largely a function of |
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Definition
Water Depth
Surface water productivity
Distance from land
latitue
Global Sea Water Circulation patterns |
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Term
| Continental Shelf Sedimentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea level oscillates by what rate? |
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Definition
| 120 meteres over 100,000 year intervals |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea level was 400 feet lower 1800 ypd |
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Term
| Sedimentationin the deep sea occurs by: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The transport of large amoun of sediment as a mass. The transport is induced by gravity |
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Term
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Definition
Settling of Palagic sediment
Biochemical precipitation
Due to teh Accumulation of a large uildup of river material on teh outer shelf and slope especially during lowered sea level |
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Term
Bulk emplacement cont.
SLUMPS are: |
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Definition
| sediment piles that move as a mass their internal structure (bedding) is retained |
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Term
Bulk emplacement continued:
MUD FLOWS are: |
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Definition
| slumping and transport of mud as a sheet across the shelf |
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Term
Bulk Emplacement Continued
TURBIDITY CURRENTS |
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Definition
| are large slurries in which rapidly move downslope |
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Term
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Definition
| In shallow areas and tropical to subtropical environments (warm) |
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Term
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Definition
| In areas of very high productivity (UPWELLING) and cold waters |
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Term
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Definition
| In deepes areas and where oldest deep water occurs |
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Term
What is the Chemical Forumula for:
CALCITE PRECIPITATION and DISSOLUTION? |
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Definition
CA2+2HCO3 <----> CaCO3+CO2+H20
(Simple Make Shift Biological Formula) |
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Term
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Definition
| Zone over which dissolution occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcite Compensation depth |
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Term
| The corrosiveness of water to calcite increases downward because: |
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Definition
| of higher pressure lower temperature and higher CO2 Concentrations |
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Term
| At CCD CAlcite deposition - |
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Definition
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Term
| CCD Occurs at average depth of |
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Definition
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Term
| Abyssal Clays are below CCD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Five Sediment Sampling Devices |
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Definition
Grab Samplers
Coring Devices
Vibracore
Gravity Core
Piston Cre
Rotary Drills |
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Term
Significance of Oceanography
(Why is the ocean important?) |
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Definition
Have a major influence on teh weather and climate
Are a source of food energy medical resources bilogical diversity
Are important in transportationa nd trade
Have military significance (Bombing sites/Submarines etc)
Are an important recreational source
Have a major influence on the health of the planet |
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Term
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Definition
| USGS NOAA EPA NMFS DOD ONR NRL USACE etc... |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Earliest Records of exploration date back to |
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Definition
Egyptions 4000BC Navigated the Nile and eastern Mediteranian
Pheonicians 1100 BC -1200 AD navigated the entired mediterranean red sea and indian ocean Africa and British Isles
Greeks 3 and 4th Centuries BC |
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Term
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Definition
| Gree Explorer compiled a map of the world showing the Mediterranean sea as the center surrounded by three land masses North Africa Europe and Asia |
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Term
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Definition
First to circumnavigate england and sailed north to scotland Norway and Germany
Discovered the tides had to do with phases of the moon
Discovered how to tell your latitude using the N Star |
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Term
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Definition
Produced first world atlas
Overestimated extent of Asia to teh east
Underestimated Circumfrance of the earth |
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Term
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Definition
expored teh far north Atlantic and established colonies in iceland Greenland and Newfoundland during Medival Warm period
Arabs Controlled North Africa and Spain and trade routes eat and became dominant navigators f the time
PORTOLANOS (early charts first appeared) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Explorations by Europeans increased |
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Term
| The prupose of the European Voyages |
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Definition
| find faster safer trade routs to teh orient spurred on by the need for riches and spices |
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Term
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Definition
| Underestimated extent of Atlantic ocean and size of earth due to Ptolemys calculations |
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Term
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Definition
Underestimated extent of Pacific ocean do to Ptolemy
Circumnavigated teh earth
Established true length of a degree of latitude
Hudnered by Profivision probs mutiny and storms
Killed by natives in Phillippines |
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Term
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Definition
Used harrison fourth chronometer to produce accurate charts
3 voyages to teh pacific between 1768 and 1779
Charted coasts of teh South Pacific Australia New Zealand and NW North American Haw Isalnds
Made sounding and logged winds currents and water temps |
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Term
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Definition
In simple terms its necessary to know teh position of the sun or stars related to the time
So accuracte navigation had to wait for accurate clocks that worked on ships
john Harrison successed in making an ACCURATE CHRONOMETETER in 1761 |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenger Expedition 1872 |
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Term
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Definition
| Lithosphere – Asthenosphere – Mesosphere – Outer Core – Inner Core |
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Term
| Pangaia (Northern Vs Southern parts) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Remember the concept of Paleo (Ancient) Magnetism. Can be defined on Polarity Compass needle points toward N and South |
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Term
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Definition
| Align themselves along the magnetic field. Crystals of Magnetite get locked into place at that temp. Rock cools. |
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Term
| LINEAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES |
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Definition
| – Age then created GPTS Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (6:13) tell the inclination which give you latitude. Can tell where a rock formed basically and based on the paliomagnetism of that rock you can tell that it actually formed wherever said point is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Out in the ocean a divergent boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| gives an idea of where Pacific plate is moving, it tell latitude, very important fundamental data that supports plate tectonics. |
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Term
| Mid Ocean ridges are shallow because |
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Definition
| because they are hotter (the rock is hotter which is less dense therefor more buoyant so it rises up) Something more dense is going to sink lower if you take something warmer its going to rise because you have very young or warm rock along the ridges that’s where the sea floor forms that’s where it cools sinks comes out and the abyssal planes are characterized by being flat. For years sediment has been building up except where there are sea mounts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat for years sediment has been building up |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Seizmic From of Subduction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Associates with Divergent boundaries |
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Term
| Sediments in Mid Ocean Ridge are |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Continental Rise and Slope are buiolt up by these oil is often found |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Calcareous Algae (An Autotroph) Made of = CaCO3
So if more than 30 % its Calcareous Ooze but if the dominant is Coccolithophores htan it is Cacareous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Siliceous (Frustal is the name of skeleton) |
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Term
| Siliceous Chemical Make Up |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Calcareous Single Cell Heterotoph |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Radolarians are important bc |
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Definition
| Important because things dissolve at different rates. Silic dissolves at a faster rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| (30:04_ Calcite Compensation Data) Below a certain depth calcium carbonate dissolves. At a very deep depth it is pretty much gone. So the amound of Calcium Carbonate going down is equal t otaht going up. “The Snow Line” – Conecepts to be understood |
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Term
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Definition
| Water temperature starts dissolving calcium carbonate at a colder temperature. (:41) The temperature is mainly driving down sediments pressure also is also playing effect, which means increased CO2 in water. CO2 – Dissolves Calcium Carbonate. CC=CC Up and Down. RATE OF CC INPUT = RATE OF DISSOLUTIONS. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ca2 + 2HCO3 <->CaCO3+CO2+H2O |
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Definition
Ca2 + 2HCO3 <->CaCO3+CO2+H2O – Drives Eq to the left therefore calcium carbonate dissolves.
-- surface water - underwater |
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