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Oceanography 2
test 3
42
Science
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2010

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Term
autotroph
Definition
self-nourishing, can make its own food
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
light, using light energy and storing it as sugar
Term
heterotroph
Definition
gain energy by eating organic molecules
Term
respiration
Definition
to breathe
Term
plankton
Definition
wandering
Term
nekton
Definition
"swimmers", capable of swimming against waves
Term
phytoplankton
Definition
autotrophic
Term
zooplankton
Definition
heterotrophic
Term
meroplankton
Definition
spend larval/juvenile stages but adults benthos
Term
holoplankton
Definition
spend whole life as plankton
Term
benthic
Definition
"pertaining to the ocean bottom"
answer: variability
Term
pelagic
Definition
"the open ocean environment"
Term
Epifauna
Definition
live on seafloor, attached to rocks, moving along the surface
Term
infauna
Definition
live in the ocean bottom, buried in sand, shells or mud
Term
biomass
Definition
deeper water, biomass goes down, food is limited
Term
viscosity
Definition
resistance to flow affected by temperature--> cold, salty water has high viscosity
Term
isothermal
Definition
same temperature
Term
countershading
Definition
dark coloration on the top, light on the bottom
Term
general reactions
Definition
oxygenic photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and respiration
Term
benthos
Definition
organisms that live in or on ocean bottom
Term
shallow coastal seafloor
Definition
varied physical and nutritive conditions leads to high biological success
Term
moving into deeper water resources diminish. Conditions are less varied
Definition
number of species. Biomass decreases
Term
physical environment of deep ocean
Definition
-light is present only to ~1000 m
-temperature range -1.8 to 3 degrees celsius
- salinity is fairly uniform ~35 ppt
- high pressures
- high oxygen content
Term
hydrothermal vent communities
Definition
-discovered 1977: 2500 m deep
-food supply limited on seafloor
-chemosynthesis
Term
chemosynthesis
Definition
CO2 + H2S -> CH2O + S + H2O
Term
why so few marine species?
Definition
-origin of life
-prime habitat
Answer: stability (also low temp)
Term
Why so many benthic marine species?
Definition
98% of marine species are benthic
Answer: VARIABILITY
Rocky,Sandy,Muddy,Flat,Sloped,Irregular,Mixed
-Adaptations to these different environments creates diversity
Term
Adaptations to the Ocean Environment
Definition
-Physical Support-->Bouyancy (phytoplankton)
-Temperature <-- more stable than terrestrial
-Salinity
-Dissolved gases
-Transparency
-Pressure
Term
disruptive coloration
Definition
a marking or color pattern that confuses prey
Term
Disruptive coloration
Definition
a marking or color pattern that confuses prey
Term
Isotonic
Definition
pertaining to the property of having equal osmotic pressure. If two such fluids were serperated by a semipermeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur, there would be no net transfer of water molecules across the membrane.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
pertaining to the property of an aqueous solution having a lower osmotic pressure (salinity) that another aqueous solution from which it is separated by a semi permeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur. The hypotonic fluid will lose water molecules through the membrane to the other fluid
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
pertaining to the aqueous solution having a higher osmotic pressure (salinity) that another aqueous solution from which it is separated by a semi permeable membrane that will allow osmosis to occur. The hypertonic fluid will gain water molecules through the membrane from the other fluid
Term
Osmosis
Definition
passage of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane separating two aqueous solutions of different solute concentration. The water molecules pass from the solution of lower solute concentration into the other.
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
- process by which bacteria or archaea synthesze organic molecules from inorganic nutrients using chemical energy released from the bonds of a chemical compound by oxidation
Term
Species
Definition
- a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding
Term
Hydrothermal vent community-
Definition
a deep bottom dwelling community of organisms associated with a hydrothermal vent. The hot water vent in usually associated with the axis of a spreading center, and the community is dependent on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that may live free in the water, on the bottom, or symbiotically in the tissue of some of the animals of the community
Term
cold water species
Definition
Smaller in cooler seawater-surface area
Term
Tropical organisms
Definition
grow faster, live shorter, reproduce more often
Term
More appendages in
Definition
warmer seawater
Term
More species in
Definition
warmer seawater
Term
More biomass in
Definition
cooler seawater (upwelling)
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