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| Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands |
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| Attitude or point of view of the people of Oceania--unifying factor |
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| Three large island groupings |
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| Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia |
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| Covers....how much of Earth |
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| Australia once apart of this giant land mass during time of Pangea |
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| Off the NE coast of Australia...longest coral reef in the world |
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| volcanoes that rise above the sea into mountainous rocky formations |
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| low lying island ...small range of enviornments and very limited supply of fresh water |
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Besides australia most is humid and warm nearly all the time Most islands in tropical and subtropical zone Mild Temperatures |
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| "Land of the long white cloud" |
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| Big white clouds above the islands of new zealand brought in by the roaring forties (40th parallel south) ---powerful air and ocean currents that speed around far southern hemisphere |
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| In australia, blocks the movement of moist easternly wind *blowing east to west* so rain does not reach interior |
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| 1 river system--Darling and Murray rivers |
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Highly diversified and unique--due to isolation
Marsupials: mammals that give birth to their young at very immature age and put them in their pouch Monotremes: egg-laying mammals Mainly grassland, scrubland, and bits of open woodland |
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| dark skin tones, New Guinea, and the area known as Melanesia (New Guineas, islands south of the equator and west of Tonga; Solomon islands, new caledonia, fiji, and vanuatu) |
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| Diversity of animals and plants throughout islands |
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Definition
| Richest in western pacific, near larger landmasses, thinner in east |
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| small islands east of the Philippines and north of the equator |
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| numerous islands situated inside a large irregular triangl formed by new zealand, hawaii and easter island... |
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| Name an island formed by tectonic activity... |
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Arid in australia's interior, low islands Moist everywhere else, high islands 2/3 australia is arid |
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| Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia |
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Social structure on islands |
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On resource-rich islands, relatively simple social organization On resource-poor islands, social hierarchies |
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| Population and Pop. growth |
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Definition
¨Just 34 million people ¤2/3 live in Australia ¨Australia and NZ: older, slower growing populations ¤Other countries: younger, faster growing ¨High rates of urbanization throughout ¤Often poorer standard of living than rural |
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| struggling over ethnicity, land ownership |
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| Shift from export to service economy |
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¨Shift from Export to Service Economies ¤Still very little manufacturing; undercut by Asia ¤Pacific islands tend more towards extraction ¨Tourism ¤Growing rapidly, creates problems for ecology ¤In Hawaii, growth is in Asian tourists ¤Attempt to promote sustainable tourism |
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| Shift in Economic Orientation |
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¨New Asian Orientations ¤Most apparent in economics nAsia buys 71% of Australian exports nLoss of European protection for markets is painful nGutting of labor unions nStress less visible in Pacific islands; tradition of self-sufficiency ¤Geopolitical concern over China |
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¨Pacific Islands ¤Mining: Ok Tedi in Papua New Guinea; Nauru nIndigenous forced off land, which is left ruined ¤Nuclear pollution nU.S. and French testing on possessions ¤UNCLOS nProvides 200 mile buffer around islands for resource exploitation ¤Global Warming: fear of rising sea levels |
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