Term
| "habitats" are also called "niches" |
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Definition
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Term
| salt marsh areas display high biodiversity |
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Definition
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Term
| "euryhaline" organisms have a wide tolerance to salt |
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Definition
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Term
| the largest of all the biogeochemical cycles is the global carbon cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| most carbon found in ocean environments exists as fossil fuels-oil, gas, coal and related hydrocarbons |
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Definition
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Term
| nitrogen accounts for 48% of dissolved gasses in seawater; therefore, it is abundantly available for use in chemical reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| "evolution" simply means change |
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Definition
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Term
| a "species is a group of actually (or potentially) interbreeding organisms that is repoductively isolated from all other forms of living things |
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Definition
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Term
| Carolus Linnaeus developed the biological classification used today based upon hierarchy, grouping objects by degree of complexity, grade, or class |
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Definition
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Term
| Ocean water temperatures range considerably; however, they are usually much narrower than comparble ranges on land. Therefore, marine organisms are limited due to fewer possible habitats being available |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrostatic pressure from the constant weight of the water above them prevents most marine organisms from living in the depths of the ocean |
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Definition
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Term
| the larger the cell, the more efficiently materials can cross the outer cell membrane to be distributed through the interior |
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Definition
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Term
| "Primary Consumers" are organisms that produce food from simpler compounds by the careful manipulation of energy |
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Definition
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Term
| "chemosynthesis" is more common and more important than "photosynthesis" |
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Definition
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Term
| "autotrophs" are organisms that must consume other organisms because they are unable to synthesis their own food molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| each step up in the trophic pyramid stores 10% as much mass as the level directly below it. That means that at each step, 90% of the energy is lost as waste heat as organisms live and work to maintain themselves |
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Definition
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Term
| dinoflaggelates are the most abundant phytoplankton |
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Definition
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Term
| the "white cliffs of dover" in england consist largely of deposits of fossil coccolithophore ooze uplifted by geological forces |
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Definition
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Term
| diatoms are able to propel and position themselves with whiplike projections called flagella |
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Definition
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Term
| the "compensation depth" , where respirations equals photosynthesis, defines the base of the "photic Zone" |
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Definition
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Term
| "zooplankton" are heterothrops |
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Definition
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Term
| "algae" is a collective term for autotrophs possessing chlorophyll and capable of photosynthesis, but lacking vessels to conduct sap |
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Definition
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Term
| "krill" shrimp-like crustaceans, are nearly extinct due to overfishing |
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Definition
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Term
| kelp makes use of stem-like structures called "holdfasts" to support the sea as it reaches for the strongly illuminated surface water |
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Definition
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Term
| marine "angiosperms" include sea grass and mangrove trees |
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Definition
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Term
| any population growing at its maximal rate without facing any environmental resistance will grow along a J-shaped population growth curve |
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Definition
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Term
| any deep-water community that is relatively new and unstable is considered tobe a "climax community" |
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Definition
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Term
| the "deep sea scattering layer" is a relatively dense aggregate of fishes, squid, and other animals that live in the deepest portions of the ocean |
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Definition
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Term
| "mutalism" occurs wen the symbiont benefits from the symbiotic association but the host is harmed |
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Definition
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Term
| cells are simply "highly organized" forms of life |
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Definition
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Term
| organisms will not move into deeper environments due to osmosis limitations created by increased water salinity |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, a catalyst such as chlorophyll and light energy. Glucose (a simple carbohydrate) and oxygen are products |
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Definition
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Term
| the compensation depth is the depth at which the production of carbohydrates and oxygen by photosynthesis through a day's time will exactly equal the consumption of carbohydrates and oxygen respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| the polar regions are always rich in nutrients, therefore phytoplankton productivity is always high |
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Definition
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Term
| population density and distribution depend on community conditions. clumped community distribution is the rarest |
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Definition
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Term
| primary productivity in estuaries is often extraordinarily low because of the lack of nutrients, poor variety of organisms present, weak sunlight, and the small number of niches available for life to take hold |
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Definition
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Term
| transport of sediment in a zig-sag pattern along a beach is called "lateral sediment translation" |
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Definition
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Term
| "groins" are barriers built parallel to the beach to facilitate sand moving along the shore |
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Definition
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Term
| drowned river mouths along the east coast of the United States are called "estuaries" |
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Definition
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Term
| sea caves are a "late stage" feature formed during headland erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| the ultimate fate of most coastlines is to be straightened |
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Definition
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Term
| Barrier Islands are large and stable: therefore, they are excellent places to build homes |
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Definition
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Term
| coastal cells are sections of the coast that are in balance where sediment input equals sediment output |
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Definition
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Term
| uplifted, wave-cut platforms are a sign that the area is tectonically active, and that uplift is an ongoing process |
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Definition
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Term
| he east coast of the US is a submergent (or drowned) coastline |
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Definition
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Term
| the "coastline" is the place where the ocean water meets the continental land |
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Definition
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Term
| "sea arches" tend to form right after "sea stacks" develop |
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Definition
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Term
| "hooked spits" develop as beach drift is deposited into open bay areas downdrift from an eroding beach |
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Definition
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Term
| Barrier Islands tend to migrate over the foreshore area, moving sand farther out into the ocean basin |
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Definition
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Term
| the Mississippi River delta is typical of a wave dominated delta system |
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Definition
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Term
| San Francisco Bay is an example of a tectonically created estua |
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Definition
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Term
| water entering Chesapeake Bay moves toward the eastern shore because |
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Definition
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Term
| light is an "important" trigger for: |
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Definition
| all of the above: photosynthesis, body orientation in a deep-water fish, physiological rhythyms in phytoplankton, breeding times in some multicellular organisms |
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Term
| the MAJOR chemical elements used by organisms in metabolism are: |
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Definition
| carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
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Term
| diffusion of a fluid through a membrane is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| primary producers are also called: |
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Definition
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Term
| today, oceanic productivity can be observed from space by measure: |
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Definition
| none of the above: oxygen content, krill population, heterotrophs, autotrophs |
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Term
| almost 95% of a diatom's frustule (shell) is composed of: |
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Definition
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Term
| HAB's are generated by ultra rapid growht of: |
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Definition
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Term
| chlorophyta, phaeophyta and rhodophyta are all types of: |
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Definition
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Term
| communities of organisms with a broad optimal range to temperature are said to be: |
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Definition
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Term
| rocky, inter-tidal zones are biologically extremely rich and diverse despite: |
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Definition
| all of the above: wave shock, tide rise and fall, drenching and drying cycles, wide ranging temperature fluctuations |
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Term
| which of the following environments is the most difficult for organisms to inhabit: |
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Definition
| black sand beaches in Hawaii |
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Term
| some species of tropical marine photosynthesizer live at depths of over 250 meters because they were able to evolve specialized: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all living things in a defined area |
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Term
| eustatic sea level change is caused by variations in the: |
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Definition
| all of the above: amount of water in the world ocean, shape of the world ocean basin, temperature of the ocean water |
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Term
| salt wedge estuaries are influenced by: |
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Definition
| both A and C: low to moderate tidal ranges, rapidly flowing large river entry |
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Term
| estuaries can orginate as: |
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Definition
| all of the above: drowned river mouths, fjords, bar-built sounds, tectonic bays |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the above: becoem steeper, be composed of coarser materials, erode |
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Term
| the ____ environment produces greater net primary productivity (more biomass tonnage), while the _____ environment is more efficient at producing biomass (faster turnover time.) |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following is a process which does not require light to create carbohydrates, but instead releases the energy held in the chemical bonds of hydrogen-and sulfur containing compounds in order to construct glucose from carbon dioxide: |
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Definition
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Term
| which one of the following must consume food from other organisms because they are unable to synthesize their own carbohydrates: |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common producers of bioluminescence in the ocean are ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| some species of anglerfish, such as Lasiongnathus saccostoma, the Western-Atlantic Deep-Sea Anglerfish is more famous for its ability to catch prey in zero-visibility conditions by using its |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the catalyst in photosynthesis: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| of the following, which forms the base of the food chain for most ocean fish? |
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Definition
| unicellular algae (like diatoms) |
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Term
| How do oceans affect carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere |
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Term
| The ocean is deepest near the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Of these elements, which is least likely to form a chemical compound? |
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Definition
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Term
| in comparison to the amount of energy required to heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius, how much energy is required to heat 1 gram of sand by 1 degree celsius? |
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Definition
| it takes more energy to heat water than to heat sand |
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Term
| autotroph producers generate 10,000 kilograms of biomass. Zooplankton eat the primary (autotroph) producers, small fish eat the zooplankton, mid-sized fish eat the small fish, and Tuna eat the mid-sized fish. How many grams of midsized fish will be generated according to this generalized trophic pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| If I make tuna sandwhiches and use 100 grams (1/4 pound) of tuna per sandwich, how many sandwiches can I make i all the tuna I have is dependant upon the trophic pyramid presented in question 82 above? |
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