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OCE1001 Exam 2
Online, Fall 2009
104
Other
Undergraduate 2
10/06/2009
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Term
The phase in which water exists is determined by:
 Definition
temperature and pressure.
Term
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
 Definition
polarity of water molecules.
Term
The surface tension of water:
 Definition
is relatively high.
Term
Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:
 Definition
sharing of electrons between atoms.
Term
Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:
 Definition
high surface tension.
Term
Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:
 Definition
surface tension.
Term
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:
 Definition
is a polar molecule.
Term
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called the:
 Definition
calorie.
Term
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
 Definition
high heat capacity
Term
Latent heat is used to:
 Definition
change states of matter.
Term
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?
 Definition
It remains constant until the ice melts; then it begins to rise.
Term
When water evaporates from the ocean surface:
 Definition
the remaining water is cooled.
Term
In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:
 Definition
higher than other liquids.
Term
The average salinity of sea water is:
 Definition
3.5%
Term
The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:
 Definition
the relative concentrations of seawater ions do not change.
Term
Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true?
 Definition
As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
Term
The ion in seawater that serves as a buffer is:
 Definition
HCO3-.
Term
The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:
 Definition
hydrologic cycle.
Term
A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:
 Definition
thermocline.
Term
A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:
 Definition
pycnocline.
Term
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
 Definition
buffering capacity. hydrogen ion. pH.
Term
With respect to incoming solar radiation, radiation emitted back into the atmosphere has:
 Definition
a longer wavelength.
Term
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about:
 Definition
50%
Term
the percentage of solar radiation directed to earth absorbed by the clouds and the atmosphere is about:
 Definition
25%
Term
the tropic of capricorn is located at
 Definition
23.5oS latitude.
Term
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds are deflected
 Definition
to the right of the original direction.
Term
The deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the
 Definition
Coriolis effect.
Term
A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be:
 Definition
wet and warm.
Term
A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n)
 Definition
cold front
Term
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:
 Definition
differences in the heat capacity of ocean and land.
Term
Winds blowing from the north into the southern hemisphere will appear to:
 Definition
be deflected toward the east.
Term
The doldrums refer to the same region as the:
 Definition
intertropical convergence zone.
Term
The temperate regions are characterized by:
 Definition
westerly winds.
Term
Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate
 Definition
counterclokwise.
Term
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the
 Definition
Saffir-Simpson Scale.
Term
Hurricanes are an efficient way to:
 Definition
redistribute heat from one area to another.
Term
When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:
 Definition
higher salinity.
Term
The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the:
 Definition
SOFAR channel.
Term
Worldwide, the SOFAR channel is located at an approximate ocean depth of:
 Definition
1000 meters.
Term
The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is:
 Definition
water vapor.
Term
The gas(es) that is (are) increasing atmospheric concentration relative to other gases in the atmosphere annually is (are):
 Definition
chlorofluorocarbons.
Term
Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat (a per mole basis)?
 Definition
chlorofluorocarbons.
Term
Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?
 Definition
All of the above are consequences of global warming.
Term
Burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to:
 Definition
respiration
Term
Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased by almost:
 Definition
30%.
Term
An agreement amongst 60 nations to voluntarily limit greenhouse gas emissions is called the:
 Definition
Kyoto Protocol.
Term
The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n):
 Definition
sverdrup.
Term
Equatorial currents are driven by the:
 Definition
trade winds.
Term
Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by _____ and modified by _____.
 Definition
wind; the Coriolis effect and land.
Term
Convection cells driven by the relatively weak winds near the center of gyres are called:
 Definition
Langmuir circulation.
Term
Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?
 Definition
Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.
Term
The Sargasso Sea is located in the:
 Definition
North Atlantic Ocean.
Term
When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of nearshore water, the resulting body of water is called a:
 Definition
cold core ring.
Term
Identify the mismatched pair:
 Definition
Labrador Current - Humbolt Current
Term
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean:
 Definition
flow from land to sea and are dry.
Term
Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
 Definition
All of the above statements are true of western boundary currents.
Term
Which of the following is a western boundary current?
 Definition
Brazil Current.
Term
Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for an eastern boundary current?
 Definition
Eastern boundary currents are broad and slow.
Term
Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current?
 Definition
Gulf Stream
Term
Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by:
 Definition
Gravity
Term
Westward intensification is associated with:
 Definition
All of the above statements are associated with westward intensification.
Term
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:
 Definition
upwelling.
Term
Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except:
 Definition
where deep ocean water currents are formed.
Term
Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of:
 Definition
nutrients and oxygen.
Term
The worldwide effects of El Nino include all of the following except:
 Definition
Drought in the US Gulf coastal states.
Term
El Nino Southern Oscillation can best be described as:
 Definition
the relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure.
Term
The El Nino weather pattern is associated with:
 Definition
drought and fires in Australia.
Term
The Ekman spiral results from friction and the Coriolis effect, while Ekman transport results from:
 Definition
wind.
Term
In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is:
 Definition
to the left of the wind direction.
Term
Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport gyre?
 Definition
gravity-driven circulation.
Term
Thermohaline circulation is driven by
 Definition
density differences
Term
Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is:
 Definition
warmer, and higher in salinity
Term
The location where water flows uninterrupted between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Oceans is
 Definition
in the Southern Ocean
Term
The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface bottom is:
 Definition
Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water.
Term
Word Analysis. Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
 Definition
Gulf of Alaska. Agulhas Current. Peru Current. strong trade winds.
Term
The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the:
 Definition
westerlies.
Term
The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the:
 Definition
wave steepness
Term
The time it takes for a full wave to pass a stationary object is called the wave:
 Definition
Period.
Term
Deep-water waves are:
 Definition
orbital waves.
Term
Wave speed is equal to
 Definition
wavelength divided by period.
Term
Storm surges are generated by intense:
 Definition
low-pressure systems.
Term
The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:
 Definition
wavelength/2
Term
The diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to:
 Definition
wave height.
Term
A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is greater than or equal to:
 Definition
1/2 of wavelength.
Term
All of the following are shallow-water waves except:
 Definition
All of the above are examples of shallow water waves.
Term
The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to:
 Definition
water depth.
Term
The speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to:
 Definition
wavelength.
Term
Capillary and gravity waves are named for the:
 Definition
dominant restoring force.
Term
The height of a wave depends upon
 Definition
fetch, wind duration, and wind speed.
Term
The fetch refers to:
 Definition
the distance over which wind blows without interruption.
Term
An internal wave might form:
 Definition
at a density boundary within the ocean.
Term
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height:
 Definition
increases and wavelength decreases.
Term
Constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces:
 Definition
smaller waves.
Term
A wave will break when:
 Definition
steepness > 1:7.
Term
Waves that are moving faster than local wind and are sorted out by wavelength are called:
 Definition
swell.
Term
Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called:
 Definition
plunging breakers.
Term
If a surfer wishes to have a really long ride, what type of wave should he or she look for?
 Definition
spilling breakers.
Term
Waves converge on headlands due to:
 Definition
wave refraction.
Term
Which of the following from earliest to latest represents the typical order of formation of waves?
 Definition
sea, swell, surf.
Term
Rouge waves tend to occur:
 Definition
where storm waves move against strong surface currents.
Term
Standing waves may be caused by:
 Definition
wave reflection.
Term
A tsunami may result from:
 Definition
tectonic activity on the seafloor.
Term
A tsunami is considered to be a:
 Definition
shallow water wave.
Term
Word Analysis. Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
 Definition
Spilling. Period. Swell.
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