Prevasive Developmental Disorder not otherwise specified 

-Don't have symptoms displayed in other types of ASDs

An ASD that displays normal development for several months and begins to show unusual characteristis at 

5-30 months. 

-characterized by loss of previously obtained language and social milesones. 

-Typical Development until 3-5 years 

-Language, cognative, social, play and motor skills deteriorate. 

Childhood Autism Rating Scale

Autism Diagnostic Interview 

Autism Diagnostic Observation schedule 

No babling or pointing by age 1 

no single words by 16 mo or 2 phrase words by age 2

no response to name

poor eye contact

loss of language or social skills 

Panic Disorder

OCD

PTSD

Phobias

Generalized anxiety Disorder 

An abrupt onset of an episode of intense fear or discomfort.

-peaks in approx. 10 minutes 

Situational

unexpected

situationally predisposed 

repetitive behaviors or rituals performed by the OCD sufferer to neutralize anxiety

-Cleaning

-Checking

-Repeating

-Slowness

-Hoarding  

PTSD

post traumatic stress disorder

When the aftermath of a traumatic event interferes with normal functioning 

-avoidance

-reexperience

-loss of interest 

-hypersensitivity 

anxiety of social situations 

-public speaking

-talking with people in authority 

-dating

ect...

Hub for sights and sounds 

-breaks down incoming visual cues by size shape and color and signals the appropriate part of the cortex 

recieves signals from the amygdala and is responsible for initiating many classic anxiety responses 

-rapid heart

-increased blood pressure

-sweating

-dialated pupils 

time is of the essense 

-evaluation should be done within 10 minutes

Tx within 1 hour after onset symptoms 

-chewable aspirin is preferred 

-dose of 160 to 325 mg 

-contradicted in patients with Known hypersensitivity 

-caution in pt with active or recent hemorrhaging, including stroke or peptic ulcer disease 

prevention of venous thrombosis

decreases left ventricular I thrombus

decreases arterial embolization

decreases re-infarction 

prevents or relieves pain of angina by dialating the blood vessels 

-increases blood flow and oxygen to the heart 

allows blood vessels to enlarge and decrease blood pressure 

-used during MI to reduce amount of heart muscle destruction 

reduce angina

reduce blood pressure

reduce coronary spasm

no reduction in mortality

reduces pain/anxiety 

Chronic 

CAD

Hypertensive HD 

Anemia 

Acute 

acute MI

Pulmonary emboli

hypertensive crisis 

Class 1 - no limit to physical activity 

Class 2- Slight limitation - fatigue, dyspnea 

Class 3 - marked limitation - comfortable at rest

Class 4 - inability to carry out any physical activity - pain/discomfort at rest 

COPD 

(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Environmental 

occupational/chemicals: coal, cotton, cement dust 

unhealthy diet

low birth rate 

primarily prenatal problems (70-80%)

-preconception

-nutrition

-toxins

-infection 

-placental problems

-prematurity 

-endocrine problems 

Delayed motor development

tone abnormalities 

-hypotonicity

-hypertonicity 

-fluctuating muscle tone

-reflex abnormalities

-atypical posture 

Spastic

Athetoid 

ataxia 

-hypertonia 

hemiplegia (one side of body)

diplegia (increased spasticity in Lower extermity, minimal involvement in UE)

-quadriplegia (all 4 extremities)

Dystonia

slow, involuntary movement of face and extremities 

abruptm jerky, distal movements

drooling, eating difficulties 

wide based, staggering unsteady gait

clumsy

intentional tremors

hypotonia 

An aquired syndrom characterized by 

short term memory loss and at least one of the following

-aphasia

-apraxia

-agnosia

abstract thinking

-impairment in social/occupational functioning

-not explained by another disorder

primary vs. secondary 

cortical vs. sub-cortical

reversible vs. irreversible 

early (before age 65) vs late onset 

Alzheimer's and Lewy Body (50-75%)

Vascular Dementias (15-20%)

Alcohol-related Dementias (korsakoff's and etoh-induced)

HIV Dementia -most common in those under age 55

abnormal amyloid (beta) protein fragments 

neurofibrillary tangles 

cholineric system degeneration 

Age

family history

down's syndrome

head trauma

female gender

ethnicity

late onset depression

mild cognitive impairment 

Chromnosome 19 (Autosomal recessive)

Chromosome 1, 14, 21(autosomal dominant) ...amyloid processing genes 

Chromosome 9

passivity 

disinhibition

self-centered behavior 

serial 7's (as many as 50% of normal elderly can't do it) 

-World spelled backwards not much better than the serial 7

- orientation

-3 item recall

-MMSE 

Tx of underlying disease process (primary Tx)

Management of behavior and symptoms (Secondary Tx)

Caregiver support and education 

Sleep Disturbance 

Pleasure/interest (lack of)

Agitation

Concentration

Energy(lack of) 

Depressed mood

Retardation movement 

Appetite disturbance

Guilt, worthless

Suicide 

Internal, Stable, Global

I am inadequate (internal) at everything(global) and always will be (stable

negative interpretations about 

themselves

immediate world 

future 

A progressive mental health disorder characterized by periods of psychosis. 

-distortions of thinking and preceptions and affects that are inappropriate of blunted. 

fixed beliefs that, even in the face of contradictory evidence are due to a misinterpretation of an event or experience  

The experience of a particular sensation that is not real to others. 

-auditory 

-visual 

Alogia (impoverished speech)

Affective flattening

Avolition-apathy (decreased motivation)

anhedonia (decreased interest in socilization)

Attentional impairment 

Hallucinations

Delusions

Bizarre behavior 

positive formal thought disorder 

hebephrenic schizophrenia 

(disorganized Schizophrenia)