Term
| What is the role of the CELL MEMBRANE? |
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Definition
-outer covering of cell
-barrier to cell's outside environment
-gives cell shape
-pores allow food & oxygen in
-pores allow carbon dioxide & waste out
-selectively permeable (chooses what goes in and out of the cell) |
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Term
| What is the role of the CYTOPLASM? |
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Definition
-jelly-like liquid material inside the cell
-houses organelles
-always moving
-allows transport of materials between organelles |
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Term
| What is the role of the NUCLEUS? |
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Definition
-command center
-controls all cell activity
-contains BLUEPRINT (for cell activity coded in DNA, which forms chromosomes in the nucleus)
-involved in cell division |
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Term
| What are the three parts of the NUCLEUS? |
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Definition
1. Nuclear membrane
2. Nucleolus (made of RNA, involved in making cell protein)
3. Nucleoplasm |
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Term
| What is the role of the CHROMOSOMES? |
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Definition
-make up most of the nucleus
-when cell is not dividing, they are called CHROMATIN. (look like granules)
-when cell is dividing, chromosomes look like this strands |
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Term
| What is the role of the VACUOLES? |
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Definition
| -store water, food, minerals, and waste |
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Term
| What is the difference between the VACUOLES in plant and animal cells? Why? |
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Definition
| In plant cells, VACUOLES are larger. (they store more water). In plant cells the vacuoles press against the walls of the cell and providers shape and support for the cell. |
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Term
What is the role of the CELL WALL?
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS |
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Definition
-allows certain materials in easily through pores
-supports and protects cell
-PERMEABLE (allows everything in. It is the job of the CELL MEMBRANE to kick some things out!) |
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Term
What is the role of the CHLOROPLASTS?
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS |
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Definition
-contain a green pigment called chlorophyll which helps plant cells convert sun's energy into glucose by the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
-found in plant leaves |
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Term
| What is the role of the MITOCHONDRION? |
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Definition
| -chemical energy is released from sugar and gives power to all cell activity (this process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION) |
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Term
What is the role of the CENTRIOLE?
ANIMAL CELLS ONLY |
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Definition
| -used during cell division |
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Term
| What is the role of the RIBOSOMES? |
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Definition
-cell makes protein using DNA/RNA
-free, or attached to E.R. |
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Term
| What is the role of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM? |
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Definition
-connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane
-forms a passageway for proteins or other materials |
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Term
| What is the difference between ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA and SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA? |
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Definition
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA have ribosomes attached, and SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA do not. |
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Term
| What is the role of the GOLGI BODIES? |
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Definition
| -store and package proteins made on ribosomes |
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Term
| What is the big difference between the CHLOROPLASTS and the MITOCHONDRION? |
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Definition
The MITOCHONDRIA takes food and turns in into energy.
The CHLOROPLASTS take energy (from the sun) and create food. |
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Term
| How do CHLOROPLASTS make SUGARS? |
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Definition
| -process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
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Term
| How does PHOTOSYNTHESIS work? |
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Definition
-sun shines on a plant
-CHLOROPHYLL (found in the Chloroplasts) capture the sun's energy
-CHLOROPHYLL uses energy to combine CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER to create SUGAR and OXYGEN |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MAJOR PURPOSE OF THE MITOCHONDRIA? |
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Definition
| to break down food so that the cell has the energy to live!! |
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Term
| What is CELLULAR RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
-when we eat, the food is broken down into little molecules
-the MITOCHONDRIA breaks these molecules down and releases the energy inside |
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Term
| What is the difference between the outer membrane and the inner membrane of MITOCHONDRIA? |
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Definition
-outer membrane covers mitochondria
-inner membrane folds many times (the folding increases the surface area, which means more space to break the molecules down and release energy) |
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Term
| Inside the MITOCHONDRIA, there is a fluid called the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-it has water proteins all mixed together
-these proteins take food molecules and combine them with Oxygen. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR THE PROCESS OF PHTOSYNTHESIS? |
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Definition
| CO2 + H20 >>> SUGAR AND OXYGEN |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR THE PROCESS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION? |
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Definition
| SUGAR + O2 >>> CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + ENERGY for the cell! |
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Term
| what are the 7 characteristics of life? |
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Definition
Movement
Reproduction
Growth
Response
Excretion
Exchange of gases
Nutrition |
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Term
| Who was the first person to look at RED BLOOD CELLS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has the first person to look at CORK CELLS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first person to observe sing-celled organisms and name them "ANIMACULES"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who looked at matter, and name the small compartments "CELLS"? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the ocular lens? |
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Definition
-eye piece
-usually magnifies 10x |
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the TUBE? |
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Definition
| -holds ocular lens and objective lens at a proper distance from each other |
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the Revolving Nosepiece? |
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Definition
-holds 2 or more objective lenses
-rotate to switch objective lens |
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the objective lenses? |
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Definition
-Magnify object
-each has a different magnification |
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the condenser lens? |
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Definition
| -directs light to object being viewed |
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Term
| In a Microscope, what is the function of the Diaphragm? |
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Definition
| -controls how much light is being viewed? |
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Term
| How does an electron microscope work? |
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Definition
| instead of using light, electron microscopes bounce electrons off the sample. they are then enlarged and displayed on a TV screen. |
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Term
| what are the characteristics of a TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE? |
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Definition
-electrons are passed through thin sections (slices) of the sample
-object must be placed in vacuum
-only dead cells and tissue can be observed |
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Term
| what are the characteristics of a SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE? |
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Definition
-used to observe surfaces of whole objects
-view and observe living cells
-electrons are reflected back from the surface of the sample, producing three-dimensional images |
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