Term
| BMI for healthy individual |
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Definition
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Term
| BMI for an overweight individual |
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Definition
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Term
| BMI for an obese individual |
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Definition
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Term
| Ideal body fat % for males and females |
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Definition
| 12-15% for males, 18-22% for females |
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Term
| Acceptable body fat % for males and females |
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Definition
| 16-19% for males, 23-29% for females |
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Term
| Overweight body fat % for males and females |
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Definition
| 20-24% for males, 30-34% for females |
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Term
| Obese body fat % for males and females |
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Definition
| 25+% for males, 35+% for females |
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Term
| Describe Upper-body (Apple-Shaped) obesity |
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Definition
Fat is stored in upper body and abdominal area.
More frequent in menCarries greater risk for CAD, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes |
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Term
| Describe Lower-Body (Pear-Shaped) obesity |
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Definition
Fat is stored in lower body around the hips, buttocks, and thighs.
More frequent in women. |
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Term
| Name the two main types of adipose tissue and describe their location |
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Definition
Subcutaneous - just below the skin layer
Visceral - deep interabdominal fat |
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Term
| What happens to adipocytes in the middle of large fat stores over time? |
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Definition
| Some adipocytes die as fat stores grow. Macrophages are recruited to clean them up. They produce substances such as inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to disease. |
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Term
| Is spot reduction possible? |
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Definition
| There is no such thing as spot reduction. Exercise draws from fat stores throughout the body. |
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Term
| How much weight does the average adult gain per year after age 25? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much muscle and bone mass does the average adult lose per year after age 25? |
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Definition
| 0.2 kg or 1/2 lb of muscle and bone mass per year |
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Term
| What percentage of children are now overweight and what percentage of children are now obese? |
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Definition
Overweight - 32%
Obese - 22% |
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Term
| What intensity exercise has the greatest % fat burn vs. carbohydrate burn? |
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Definition
| Low-Intensity (Not always the greatest # of calories burned, just the highest % of fat of the calories that are burned) |
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Term
| What 3 things can you do to reset your set weight point? |
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Definition
1. Decrease saturated fat intake
2. Increase physical activity
3. Maintain weight loss for a period of months |
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Term
| Who is the current world's heaviest man (as of 2010)? |
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Definition
| Manue Uribe (1320 lbs in 2006-07) |
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Term
| Who is the worlds heaviest ever person, as well as the person to lose the greatest amount of weight? |
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Definition
Carol Yager - 1600+ lbs (doctor had to estimate b/c scale could not be used)
- lost 521 lbs in 3 months |
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Term
| What is the hypothesize for the cause of an increase in the weight set point? |
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Definition
1. Increase in fat content ingested
2. Decrease in physical activity |
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Term
| What are the health consequences of Obesity? |
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Definition
1. Increased overall mortality rates
2. Sleep apnea
3. Increased risks of CAD, hypertension, stroke, high blood lipids and diabetes
4. Osteoarthritis
5. Some cancers
6. Fatty liver disease
7. Others |
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Term
| What is the correlation between BMI and mortality risk? |
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Definition
| As BMI increases from the healthy range, the risk for mortality increases. There is a slight increase in mortality at low BMI due to many in the lower BMI being sick. |
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Term
| What are the potential contributors to Obesity? (8 things) |
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Definition
1. Genetic predisposition
2. Psychological factors
3. Hormonal (such as hypothyroidism)
4. Age (Mostly due to lack of P.A.)
5. Diet composition
6. Physical Inactivity
7. Medications (Steroids, Anti-depressants, hypertension drugs)
8. Others |
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Term
| What is the only cause of obesity? |
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Definition
| A greater intake of calories from foods than the output of calories used during physical activity |
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Term
| What is the correlation between weight gain for twins? |
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Definition
| If one twin gained little weight on a specific diet, the other twin is likely to gain little weight as well. The reverse is also likely. This shows there is a genetic connection for weight gain. |
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Term
| What were the results of BMI for Pima Native Americans in different environments (Arizona and Mexico)? |
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Definition
| Pima Native Americans in Arizona lived on a reservation, ate a higher fat diet and had extremely high BMI rates (greater than 70% obesity and 85% with diabetes). Pima Native Americans in Mexico lived in an agricultural setting. Although they had high BMI rates, they were significantly lower than those in Arizona. |
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Term
| What are the two surgical interventions for obesity? |
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Definition
| Gastroplasty and gastric bypass |
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Term
| What are the qualifications for surgical intervention for obesity? |
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Definition
| BMI greater than 40, although some doctors ignore this and some want the standards changed to greater than 35 |
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Term
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Definition
| The stomache is stapled to decrease the size. This allows for less food storage. It also causes a sickening feeling when the stomache becomes full, encouraging people to limit their intake of calories |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgery is performed so that food bypasses the majority of the stomache and the first part of the small intestine. As a result, much of the food is not fully digested and fewer calories will be absorbed for use or storage. |
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Term
| How much weight loss is recommended for successful weight loss? |
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Definition
| 0.45 to 0.9 kg (1 to 2 lbs) per week through diet restriction (300-500 kcal/day) and moderate aerobic and resistance exercise. |
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Term
| Which enourages the greatest loss of fat AND the greatest gain of fat free body mass: diet, exercise, or a combination? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which combination is likely to result in the greatest change of body fat %: high protein diet, high protein diet + exercise, high carbohydrate diet, or high carbohydrate diet + exercise? |
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Definition
| High protein diet + exercise |
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Term
| What is the most effective treatment for obesity? |
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Definition
| A permanent change in eating habits and behaviors, including increased physical activity levels |
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