Term
|
Definition
| relaxation of smooth muscle tissue up to 34 weeks is caused by? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around 34 weeks, estrogen and contraction associated proteins and uterotonic inhibitors . |
|
|
Term
| Uterotonics- prostaglandins and oxytocin |
|
Definition
| at the onset of labor the myometrium is stimulated by what? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| produced in the decidua, the placenta, the chorion and especially the amnion |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| produced in the posterior lobe of the maternal and fetal pituitary gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| As the uterus elongates during contractions what happens to the fetus? |
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|
Term
| intensity can not be felt but stretches the cervix causing it to thin and flatten |
|
Definition
| what do contractions do to the cervix? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle fibers of the upper uterine segment contract beginning in the and move downward within seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what happens to the rectum and vagina during contractions? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fetus descending into the pelvic inlet |
|
|
Term
| Braxton-Hicks contractions |
|
Definition
| irregular, intermittent contractions that become more uncomfortable closer to labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cervix begins to soften and ripen(weaken) when? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
When does the "bloody show" occur?
aka losing your mucus plug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when does nesting usually occur? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of 1-3lbs, n/v/d, and indigestion can occur |
|
|
Term
| does not decrease the intensity of contractions but helps relax |
|
Definition
| in true labor, relaxing in warm water does what? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| irregular contraction that do not increase in duration or intensity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contractions that are lessened with walking, rest, and warm water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contractions that produce no effect of the cervix |
|
|
Term
| passenger, passageway, position, powers, psyche |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| face, base of skull, vault of cranium |
|
Definition
| 3 major parts of the fetal skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cranial bones overlap during contractions and demands of unyielding pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| best pelvis type for delivery with largest diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrow front to back pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the relation of fetal parts to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the relationship of the cephalocaudal axis of the fetus to the cephalocaudal axis of the woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determined by fetal lie and by body part of fetus that enters pelvic passage first - this portion of fetus called presenting part
|
|
|
Term
| head flexed forward with chin almost to chest, arms and legs flexed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| engagement of presenting part |
|
Definition
| occurs when largest diameter of presenting part reaches or passes through pelvic inlet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to relationship of presenting part to imaginary line drawn between ischial spines of maternal pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the presenting part is at the ischial spines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the baby is at zero station it begins to? |
|
|
Term
| uterine muscular contractions |
|
Definition
| primary force for contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary force of contractions |
|
|
Term
| mild, regular contractions that begin and increase in frequency and intensity with cervical effacement and dilation beginning |
|
Definition
| latent phase physiologic changes |
|
|
Term
| relief that labor has begun and high excitement with some anxiety |
|
Definition
| latent phase psychological changes |
|
|
Term
| cervix dilates from 4-7cm, fetus begins to descend into the pelvis |
|
Definition
| active phase physiological changes |
|
|
Term
| fear and loss of control, anxiety increases |
|
Definition
| active phase psychological changes |
|
|
Term
| dilate from 8-10 cm, fetus descends rapidly into passageway, rectal pressure, possibly n/v |
|
Definition
| transition phase physiological changes |
|
|
Term
| increased feelings of anxiety, irritability, eager to complete birth experience, need to have support at bedside |
|
Definition
| transitional phase psychological changes |
|
|
Term
| latent, active, and transitional phases |
|
Definition
| first stage of labor includes? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with birth |
|
|
Term
| sacral and obturator nerves |
|
Definition
| mother pushes due to pressure on what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what type of pressure is used during pushing by the mother? |
|
|
Term
| bulge, flatten, and move anteriorly |
|
Definition
| what happens to the perineum as the fetus begins to descend? |
|
|
Term
| sense on of purpose, may feel out of control, irritable, and frightened |
|
Definition
| second stage psychological changes |
|
|
Term
| placental separation, delivery-either pushed out or slight traction on cord |
|
Definition
| third stage physiological changes |
|
|
Term
| relief, focus on welfare of infant and may not notice delivery of placenta |
|
Definition
| third stage psychological changes |
|
|
Term
| increased pulse, decrease BP, uterus contracted and between umbilicus and symphysis pubis, shaking, urine retention from decreased tone and trauma |
|
Definition
| fourth stage physiological changes |
|
|
Term
| euphoria and energized, thirsty and hungry |
|
Definition
| fourth stage psychological changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac output in first stage of labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac output in second stage |
|
|
Term
| 60-80% higher for about an hour |
|
Definition
| following birth cardiac output is? |
|
|
Term
| rises with each contraction and possibly with pushing |
|
Definition
| blood pressure during labor |
|
|
Term
| 40% increase in O2 demand and consumption, with mild respiratory acidosis by the time of birth |
|
Definition
| respiratory changes in labor |
|
|
Term
increase in renin, plasma renin activity, and angiotensinogen
edema at base of bladder from fetal head |
|
Definition
| renal changes during labor |
|
|
Term
| decreased motility, emptying prolonged, volume remains increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WBC increase, and blood glucose decreases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood flow decreases to fetus at peak of each contraction leading to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman holding her breath during pushing leads to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if not ruptured artificially. most membranes rupture spontaneously in what stage of labor? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what percent of women start labor with rupture of membranes at term? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important bacteria that can cross the membranes during labor? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibiotics should be given if ROM is longer than? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to figure out the position of the baby and is as accurate as ultrasound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how often should low-risk women in the 1st stage of labor have fetal heart tones auscultated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how often should low risk women in the second stage of labor have fetal heart tone auscultated? |
|
|
Term
| every 15 minutes when active |
|
Definition
| in the first stage of labor how often should high risk women have fetal heart tones auscultated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the second stage of labor how often should fetal heart tones be monitored in a high risk patient? |
|
|
Term
Count FHR for 30-60 sec. between UC. Then auscultate during and after UC for 30 sec to determine rate, rhythm and increases or decreases.
|
|
Definition
| procedure for auscultating fetal heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during latent labor mother should monitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of averaging consecutive beat to beat frequencies in external monitoring |
|
|
Term
| ultrasound and tocodynamometer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| detects the fetal ECG and calculates the fetal heart rate based upon the interval between R waves |
|
Definition
| internal monitoring: fetal scalp electrode |
|
|
Term
| intrauterine pressure catheter and fetal scalp electrode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal fetal heart variability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal baseline fetal heart rate |
|
|
Term
over 32 weeks 15X15
less than 32 weeks 10X10 |
|
Definition
| normal fetal heart rate accelerations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common cause of late decelerations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refer to a smooth U-shaped fall in the fetal heart rate beginning after the contraction has started, and ending after the contraction has ended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reflex central nervous system response to hypoxia in fetal heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a component of direct myocardial depression, associated with a fall in fetal pH and perinatal morbidity and mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sinusoidal patterns usually related to? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| down to 60bpm, 60 below baseline, lasting for 60 seconds- caused by cord compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mild hypoxemia with exagerated variability
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with fetal acidemia and hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
| the fetus is not acidotic |
|
Definition
| presence of FHR accelerations almost always indicates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to the development of the parasympathetic nervous system, the absents of variability is abnormal after? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longer than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acceleration of longer than 10 minutes or more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the nadir occurs after the peak of the uterine contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decels that coincide with the uterine contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The decrease is 15 bpm, lasting15 secs and <2 minutes from onset to return to baseline, abrupt decel |
|
|
Term
| cord prolapse from artificial rupture of membranes or prematurity and not being in correct position |
|
Definition
| causes of prolonged decels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal uterine contractions should not be less than |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal uterine contraction duration should be less than |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fetus weighing over 4500g is called |
|
|
Term
| the baby is having trouble moving down- too big? |
|
Definition
| what could slow transitional phase indicate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nursing care during shoulder dystocia? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to provide cushion and relieve variable decels, and to dilute meconium |
|
|
Term
| warm normal saline or ringer’s lactate solution, 250-500ml |
|
Definition
| what is infused in amnioinfusion? |
|
|
Term
amnionitis; polyhydramnios, twins, uterine hypertonus; uterine anomaly; fetal anomaly
|
|
Definition
| contraindications for amnioinfusion? |
|
|
Term
| after 30 minutes or 3 pop offs |
|
Definition
| when should you quit using the vacuum for delivery? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Perineal body incised at 3-4cm dilation of the vaginal introitus
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| risks involved with placental abruption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes of placental abruption |
|
|
Term
| previous uterine scar, miscarriage, and abortion |
|
Definition
| placenta previa is more common in? |
|
|
Term
| prevention, counterpressure, oxygen, IV fluids, moist compress on visible cord |
|
Definition
| treatment for cord prolapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Risk when the presenting part is not firmly against the cervix
|
|
|
Term
| used for malpresentation to turn the fetus |
|
Definition
| external cephalic version |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how far along must a pregnancy be for external cephalic version? |
|
|
Term
| ample aminiotic fluid, singleton pregnancy, presenting part not engage, and reactive NST |
|
Definition
| criteria for external cephalic version |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if fetal distress is encountered during external cephalic version |
|
|
Term
| tocolytics administered, IV in place, CBC, type and screen |
|
Definition
| before external cephalic version what should be done? |
|
|
Term
| cord prolapse and fetal malpreseantation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydramnios or polyhydramnios |
|
Definition
| greater than 2000 mL of amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
| fetus not swallowing amniotic fluid due to neurologic problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| over-distended uterus (polyhydramnios) |
|
Definition
| most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest vertical pocket of fluid is less than 5 cm on Ultrasound
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with renal malformations and placental insufficiency(IUGR and post dates) |
|
|
Term
| Continuous EFM;IV fluid; position changes; amnioinfusion |
|
Definition
| care for oligohydramnios includes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Retained placenta: greater than 30 minutes after birth of the fetus
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placenta attached to the surface of the myometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placental tissue invades the myometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placental tissue extends all the way through the myometrium |
|
|
Term
| narcotics, under sedation or anesthesia |
|
Definition
| in manual removal of the placenta what is used to relax the uterus? |
|
|
