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OB vocab quiz #1 ch 4,6,7,8,9,10
barnes goldfarb
120
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
01/18/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

amenorrhea

Definition

Absence of menstruation.

 

Primary amenorrhea is a delay of the first menstruation,

 

and secondary amenorrhea is cessation of menstruation after its initiation.

Term

cilia

Definition

Hairlike processes on the surface of a cell

 

that beat rhythmically to move the cell

 

or to move fluid or other substances over the cell surface

Term

climacteric

Definition

Endocrine, body, and psychic changes occurring at the end of a woman's reproductive period.

 

Also informally called menopause, although this term does not encompass all changes.

Term

coitus

Definition
Sexual union between a male and a female.
Term

fornix (Pl. fornices)

Definition

An arch or pouchlike structure at the

 

upper end of the vagina.

 

Also called a cul-de-sac.

Term

gamete

Definition

Reproductive cell;

 

in the female an ovum

 

and in the male a spermatozoon.

Term

genetic sex

Definition

Sex determined at conception by union of two X chromosomes (female)

 

or an X and a Y chromosome (male)

 

(also called chromosomal sex).

Term

gonad

Definition

Reproductive (sex) gland that produces gametes and sex hormones.

 

The female gonads are ovaries

 

and the male gonads are testes.

Term

gonadotropic hormones

Definition

Secretions of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate the gonads,

 

specifically follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

 

Chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the placenta during pregnancy.

Term

graafian follicle

Definition
A small sac within the ovary that contains the maturing ovum.
Term

menarche

Definition
Onset of menstruation.
Term

menopause

Definition
Permanent cessation of menstruation during the climacteric.
Term

puberty

Definition

Period of sexual maturation

 

accompanied by the development of secondary sex characteristics

 

and the capacity to reproduce.

Term

ruga (Pl. rugae)

Definition

Ridge or fold of tissue,

 

as on the male's scrotum

 

and in the female's vagina.

Term

secondary sex characteristics

Definition

Physical differences between mature males and females

 

that are not directly related to reproduction.

Term

somatic sex

Definition

Gender assignment as male or female

 

on the basis of form and structure of the external genitalia.

Term

spermatogenesis

Definition
Formation of male gametes (sperm) in the testes.
Term

spinnbarkeit

Definition
Clear, slippery, stretchy quality of cervical mucus during ovulation.
Term

autosome

Definition

Any of the 22 pairs of chromosomes

 

other than the sex chromosomes.

Term

 

conceptus

 

Definition

Cells and membranes

 resulting from fertilization of the ovum

 

at any stage of prenatal development.

Term

corpus luteum

Definition

Graafian follicle cells remaining after ovulation

 

that produce estrogen and progesterone.

Term

diploid

Definition

The number of chromosomes (46 in humans)

 

normally present in body cells other than gametes

 

that represents 1 copy of every chromosome from each parent.

Term

ejaculation

Definition
Expulsion of semen from the penis.
Term

embryo

Definition

The developing baby

 

from the beginning of the third week through the eighth week after conception.

Term

endometrium

Definition
Lining of the uterus.
Term

fertilization age

Definition

Prenatal age of the developing baby,

 

calculated from the date of conception. (Also called postconceptional age.)

Term

fetus

Definition

The developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth;

 

used in everyday practice to describe a developing baby during pregnancy, regardless of gestational age.

Term

gamete

Definition

Reproductive cell;

 

in the female an ovum

 

and in the male a spermatozoon.

Term

gestational age

Definition

Prenatal age of the developing baby (measured in weeks)

 

calculated from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period;

 

approximately 2 weeks longer than the fertilization age.

 

(Also called menstrual age.)

Term

graafian follicle

Definition
A small sac within the ovary that contains the maturing ovum.
Term

haploid

Definition

Normal number of chromosomes in male or female gamete;

 

refers to 1 copy of a chromosome from each pair

 

(23 in humans, or half the diploid number).

Term

meiosis

Definition

Reduction cell division in gametes

 

that halves the number of chromosomes in each cell.

Term

mitosis

Definition
Cell division in body cells other than the gametes.
Term

nidation

Definition
Implantation of the fertilized ovum (zygote) in the uterine endometrium.
Term

oogenesis

Definition
Formation of gametes (ova) in the female.
Term

ovulation

Definition
Release of the mature ovum from the ovary.
Term

placenta

Definition

Fetal structure that provides nourishment

 

and removes wastes from the developing baby

 

and secretes hormones necessary for the continuation of pregnancy.

Term

sex chromosome

Definition

The X or Y chromosome.

 

Females have two X chromosomes;

 

males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Term

somatic cells

Definition
Body cells other than the gametes, or germ cells.
Term

spermatogenesis

Definition
Formation of male gametes (sperm) in the testes.
Term

teratogen

Definition
An agent that can cause defects in a developing baby during pregnancy.
Term

zygote

Definition
The developing baby from conception through the first week of prenatal life.
Term

abortion

Definition

A spontaneous or elective termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation

 

based on the date of the last menstrual period.

 

Spontaneous abortion is frequently called miscarriage.

Term

amenorrhea

Definition
Absence of menstruation.
Term

Braxton Hicks contractions

Definition

Irregular, usually mild uterine contractions

 

that occur throughout pregnancy and

 

become stronger in the last trimester.

Term

Chadwick's sign

Definition

Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia

 

during pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.

Term

colostrum

Definition
Breast fluid secreted during pregnancy and the first week after childbirth.
Term

diastasis recti

Definition
Separation of the longitudinal muscles of the abdomen (rectus abdominis) during pregnancy.
Term

Goodell's sign

Definition
Softening of the cervix during pregnancy.
Term

gravida

Definition

A woman who is or has been pregnant,

 

regardless of the duration or outcome of the pregnancy.

Term

Hegar's sign

Definition

Softening of the lower uterine segment

 

that allows it to be easily compressed at 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy.

Term

hyperemia

Definition
Excess blood in an area of the body.
Term

melasma

Definition

Brownish pigmentation of the face during pregnancy;

 

also called chloasma and “mask of pregnancy.”

Term

multigravida

Definition
A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
Term

multipara

Definition
A woman who has delivered two or more pregnancies at 20 or more weeks of gestation.
Term
nullipara
Definition
A woman who has never completed a pregnancy beyond a spontaneous or elective abortion.
Term

 

para

 

Definition

Number of pregnancies that have progressed to 20 or more weeks at delivery,

 

whether the fetus was born alive or stillborn;

 

refers to the number of pregnancies,

 

not the number of fetuses.

Term

physiologic anemia of pregnancy

Definition

Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values

 

caused by dilution of erythrocytes from expanded plasma volume

 

rather than by an actual decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

Term

 

postterm birth

 

Definition
A birth that occurs after 42 weeks of ges-tation.
Term

preterm birth

Definition

A birth that occurs after the 20th week

 

and before the start of the 38th week of gestation.

Term

primigravida

Definition
A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
Term

primipara

Definition
A woman who has delivered one pregnancy of at least 20 weeks.
Term

quickening

Definition
The first movements of the fetus felt by the mother.
Term

striae gravidarum

Definition

Irregular pink to purple streaks on the woman's abdomen, breasts, or buttocks

 

resulting from tears in connective tissue.

Term

term birth

 

Definition
A birth that occurs between the 38th and 42nd weeks of gestation.
Term

trimester

Definition
One of three equal, 13-week parts of a full-term pregnancy.
Term

ambivalence

Definition
Simultaneous conflicting emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes.
Term

attachment

Definition

Development of strong affectional ties as a result of interaction between an infant and a significant other

 

(such as mother, father, sibling, caretaker).

Term

body image

Definition

Subjective image of one's physical appearance and capabilities;

 

derived from one's own observations and the evaluation of significant others.

Term

bonding

Definition

Development of a strong emotional tie of a parent to a newborn;

 

also called claiming or binding in.

Term

couvade

Definition

Pregnancy-related rituals or a cluster of symptoms

 

experienced by some prospective fathers during pregnancy and childbirth.

Term

developmental task

Definition

A step in growth and maturation that one must complete

 

before additional growth and maturation are possible.

Term

disturbance in body image

Definition
Negative feelings about the characteristics, functions, or limitations of one's body.
Term

fantasy

Definition
Mental images formed to prepare for the birth of a child.
Term

introversion

Definition
Inward concentration on the self and body.
Term

mimicry

Definition

Copying the behaviors of other pregnant women or mothers as a method of

 

 “trying on” the role of advanced pregnancy or motherhood.

Term

narcissism

Definition
Undue preoccupation with oneself.
Term

role transition

Definition
Changing from one pattern of behavior and one image of self to another.
Term

anorexia nervosa

Definition
Refusal to eat because of a distorted body image and feeling of obesity.
Term

bulimia

Definition

Eating disorder characterized by ingestion of large amounts of food

 

followed by purging behavior such as induced vomiting or laxative abuse.

Term

complete protein food

Definition
Food containing all the essential amino acids
Term

dietary reference intakes

Definition

A label for several terms that estimate nutrient needs;

 

includes

recommended dietary allowance,

adequate intake,

tolerable upper intake level,

and estimated average requirement.

Term

essential amino acids

Definition
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from foods.
Term

gynecologic age

Definition
The number of years since menarche (first menstrual period).
Term

heme iron

Definition
Iron obtained from meat, poultry, or fish sources; the form most usable by the body.
Term

incomplete protein food

Definition
Food that does not contain all the essential amino acids.
Term

kilocalorie

Definition
A unit of heat; used to show the energy value in foods (commonly called calorie).
Term

lacto-ovovegetarian

Definition
A vegetarian whose diet includes milk products and eggs.
Term

lactose intolerance

Definition
Inability to digest most dairy products because of a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.
Term

lactovegetarian

Definition
A vegetarian whose diet includes milk products.
Term

nonheme iron

Definition
Iron obtained from plants and fortified foods.
Term

nutrient density

Definition
The quality and quantity of protein, vitamins, and minerals per 100 calories in foods.
Term

ovovegetarian

Definition
A vegetarian whose diet includes eggs.
Term

pica

Definition
Ingestion of nonnutritive substances such as laundry starch, clay, or ice.
Term

recommended dietary allowances

Definition
Levels of nutrient intake considered to meet the needs of healthy individuals.
Term

vegan

Definition
A complete vegetarian who does not eat any animal products.
Term

 

vegetarian

 

Definition

An individual whose diet consists

 

wholly or mostly of plant foods and who avoids animal food sources.

Term

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Definition
Plasma protein produced by the fetus.
Term

amniocentesis

Definition

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid

 

that contains fetal cells and biochemical substances for laboratory examination.

Term

amniotic fluid index (AFI)

Definition
An ultrasound examination in which the vertical depth of the largest fluid pocket in each of the four quadrants of the uterus is measured and totaled.
Term

baseline risk

Definition

The risk,

 

usually in reference to birth defects or spontaneous abortion,

 

of the general population of pregnant women who have no identified high-risk factors or invasive procedures.

Term

biophysical profile (BPP)

Definition

Method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period

 

based on five variables originating with the fetus:

 

fetal heart rate,

breathing movements,

gross body movements,

muscle tone,

and amniotic fluid volume.

Term

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Definition

Transcervical or transabdominal procedure

 

to obtain a sample of chorionic villi (projections of the outer fetal membrane)

 

for analysis of fetal cells.

Term

contraction stress test (CST)

Definition

Method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period

 

by observing response of the fetal heart to the stress of uterine contractions

 

that may induce recurrent episodes of fetal hypoxia.

Term

Δ OD450 (delta OD 450)

Definition

A test used to measure the change (delta, or δ)

 

in optical density of the amniotic fluid

 

caused by staining with bilirubin

Term

karyotype

Definition

A display of a cell's chromosomes, arranged from largest to smallest pairs

 

with sex chromosomes displayed as a separate pair.

Term

late deceleration

Definition

The slowing of the fetal heart rate after the onset of a uterine contraction

 

and persisting after the contraction ends.

Term

lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio)

Definition

Ratio of two phospholipids in amniotic fluid used to determine fetal lung maturity;

 

ratio of 2:1 or greater usually indicates fetal lung maturity.

Term

multiple-marker screening

Definition

Analysis of maternal serum for abnormal levels of

alpha-fetoprotein,

human chorionic gonadotropin,

and estriols

 

that may predict chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus; often called triple-screen.

 

Addition of tests such as inhibin A has improved accuracy of the results, leading to alternate names for this package of tests.

Term

neural tube defect

Definition

A congenital defect in closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord or skull.

 

Includes defects such as anencephaly, spina bifida, meningocele, myelomeningocele, and others.

Term

nonstress test

Definition

A method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period

 

by observing the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal movement.

Term

percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

Definition

Procedure for obtaining fetal blood through ultrasound-guided puncture of an umbilical cord vessel

 

to detect fetal problems such as inherited blood disorders, acidosis, or infection; also called cordocentesis.

Term

phosphatidylglycerol (PG)

Definition
A major phospholipid of surfactant whose presence in amniotic fluid indicates fetal lung maturity.
Term

phosphatidylinositol (PI)

Definition

A phospholipid of surfactant that is

 

produced and secreted in increasing amounts as the

 

fetal lungs mature.

Term

placenta previa

Definition

Abnormal implantation of the placenta in

 

the lower uterus at or very near the cervical os.

Term

surfactant

Definition

Combination of lipoproteins produced by the lungs of the mature fetus

 

to reduce surface tension in the alveoli, thus promoting lung expansion after birth.

Term

ultrasound

Definition
Use of sound waves for visualizing deep structures of the body by recording the reflections (echoes) of high-frequency sound waves directed into the tissue.
Term

uteroplacental insufficiency

Definition

Inability of the placenta to exchange

 

oxygen,

carbon dioxide,

nutrients,

and waste products properly between the maternal and fetal circulations.

Term

vibroacoustic stimulation

Definition
Use of sound stimulation to elicit fetal movement and acceleration (speeding up) of the fetal heart rate.
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