Shared Flashcard Set

Details

OB unit 3
prenatal care
93
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
03/01/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Gestation:
Definition
the number of weeks since the first day of the last menstrual period
Term
Abortion:
Definition
birth that occurs before the end of 20 weeks' gestation or the birth of a fetus-newborn who weighs less than 500 g
Term
Term:
Definition
the normal duration of pregnancy (38 to 42 weeks' gestation)
Term
Antepartum:
Definition
time between conception and the onset of labor; often used to describe the period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably with prenatal
Term
Intrapartum:
Definition
time from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and placenta
Term
Postpartum:
Definition
time from birth until the woman's body returns to an essentially prepregnant condition
Term
Preterm or premature labor:
Definition
labor that occurs after 20 weeks' but before completion of 37 weeks' gestation
Term
Postterm labor:
Definition
labor that occurs after 42 weeks' gestation
Term
Gravida:
Definition
any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy
Term
Nulligravida:
Definition
a woman who has never been pregnant
Term
Primigravida:
Definition
a woman who is pregnant for the first time
Term
Multigravida:
Definition
a woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy
Term
Para:
Definition
birth after 20 weeks' gestation regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead
Term
Nullipara:
Definition
a woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks' gestation
Term
Primipara:
Definition
a woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks' gestation, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead
Term
Multipara:
Definition
a woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks' gestation
Term
Stillbirth:
Definition
an infant born dead after 20 weeks' gestation 
Term
TPAL:
Definition

T: number of term infants born—that is, the number of infants born after 37 weeks' gestation 

P: number of preterm infants born—that is, the number of infants born after 20 weeks' but before the comple¬ tion of 37 weeks' gestation

A: number of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic abortion 

L: number of currently living children

Term
discussion of a woman's gravida and para in front of her partner.
Definition
it is best to avoid an initial discussion of this infornt of her partner, It is possible that the woman had a previous pregnancy that she has not mentioned to her partner, and revealing the information could violate her right to privacy.
Term

History Current pregnancy

Definition

First day of last normal menstrual period (IMP). Is she sure of the date or uncertain? Do her cycles normally occur every 28 days, or do her cycles tend to be longer? 

• Presence of cramping, bleeding, or spotting since LMP • Woman's opinion about the time when conception occurred and when infant is due 

• Woman's attitude toward pregnancy (Is this preg¬ nancy planned? Wanted?) 

• Results of pregnancy tests, if completed

• Any discomforts since LMP such as nausea, vomit¬ ing, urinary frequency, fatigue, or breast tenderness

Term

History

Past pregnancies 

Definition

• Number of pregnancies • Number of abortions, spontaneous or induced • Number of living children • History of previous pregnancies, length of preg¬ nancy, length of labor and birth, type of birth (vagi¬ nal, forceps or vacuum-assisted birth, or cesarean), type of anesthesia used (if any), woman's perception of the experience, and complications (antepartal, intrapartal, and postpartal)

Term

History

Neonatal status of previous children: 

Definition
Apgar scores, birth weights, general development, complications, and feeding patterns (breast milk or formula)
Term

history

Loss of a child

Definition
(miscarriage, elective or medically in¬ dicated abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, relinquishment, or death after the neonatal period). What was the experience like for her? What coping skills helped? How did her partner, if involved, respond?
Term

histoy

Rh

Definition
• If Rh negative, was medication received after birth to prevent sensitization?
Term

history

education

Definition
Prenatal education classes and resources (books)
Term

history

Gynecologic history

Definition

• Date of last Pap smear; any history of abnormal Pap smear; any follow-up therapy completed 

• Previous infections: vaginal, cervical, tubal, sexually transmitted Previous surgery Age at menarche Regularity, frequency, and duration of menstrual flow History of dysmenorrhea Sexual history Contraceptive history (If birth control pills were used, did pregnancy occur immediately following cessation of pills? If not, how long after?)

Term
Current medical history
Definition

 

• Weight • Blood type

• General health including nutrition 

• Any medications presently being taken

• use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine

• Illicit drug use or abuse 

• allergies 

• Potential teratogens

• Presence of disease 

• Record of immunizations  

• Presence of any abnormal symptoms

 

Term
Past medical history
Definition

• Childhood diseases

• Past treatment for any disease condition 

• Surgical procedures

• Presence of bleeding disorders or tendencies 

Term
Family medical history
Definition

Presence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, hematologic disorders, tuberculosis, or preeclampsia-eclampsia

Occurrence of multiple births History of congenital diseases or deformities

History of mental illness Causes of death of deceased parents or siblings

Occurrence of cesarean births and cause, if known

Term
Religious, spiritual, and cultural history
Definition

• specify a religious preference 

• What practices are important to maintain her spiritual well-being? 

• Might practices in her culture or that of her partner influence her care or that of her child?

Term
Occupational history
Definition

• Occupation

• Physical demands 

• Exposure to chemicals or other harmful substances

• Opportunity for regular meals and breaks for nutritious snacks 

• Provision for maternity or family leave

Term
Partner's history
Definition

• Presence of genetic conditions or diseases in him or in his family history 

• Age • Significant health problems

• Previous or present alcohol intake, drug use, or tobacco use 

• Blood type and Rh factor

• Occupation • Educational level; methods by which he learns best • Attitude toward the pregnancy

Term
Personal information about the woman (Social history)
Definition
• Age • Educational level; methods by which she learns best• Race or ethnic group • Housing; stability of living conditions • Economic level • Acceptance of pregnancy, whether intended or unintended • Any history of emotional or physical deprivation or abuse of herself or children or any abuse in her current relationship• History of emotional problems • Support systems • Personal preferences about the birth • Plans for care of child following birth• Feeding preference for the baby 
Term

Prenatal Hiqh-Risk 

 

Definition

Low income level, low educational level 

Poor diet 

Living at high altitude 

Multiparity greater than 3 

Weight less than 45.5 kg (100 Ib) 

Weight greater than 91 kg (200 Ib) 

Age less than 16 

Age over 35 

Smoking one pack/day or more 

Use of addicting drugs 

Excessive alcohol consumption 

Preexisting Medical Disorders Diabetes mellitus 

Cardiac disease 

Anemia: hemoglobin less than 11 g/dL less than 32% hematocrit 

Hypertension 

Thyroid disorder Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism 

Renal disease (moderate to severe) 

 

Term

more Prenatal High-Risk 

 

Definition

DES exposure 

Obstetric Considerations Previous pregnancy Stillborn 

Habitual abortion 

Cesarean birth 

Rh or blood group sensitization 

Large baby 

Current pregnancy Rubella (first trimester) 

Rubella (second trimester) 

Cytomegalovirus 

Herpesvirus type 2 

Syphilis 

Urinary tract infection 

Abruptio placentae and placenta previa 

Preedampsia/edampsia 

Multiple gestation 

Elevated hematocrit (greater than 41 %) Spontaneous premature rupture of membranes 

Factors (Continued)

Term

Nagele's Rule

estimated date of confinement (EDC)

Definition

First day of LMP

Subtract 3 months 

Add 7 days= EDB 

 

November 21 —3 months 

August 21 +7 days 

August 28

Term
BP greater than 140/90
Definition
requires immediate consideration; establish baseline; refer to healthcare provider if necessary. Assess woman's knowledge about high ____; counsel on self-care and medical management
Term

Fundal Height

Definition

10-12 weeks: symphisis pubis

        16 weeks: half way between

        20 weeks: umbilicus

`      22-34 weeks: cm should equal weeks of prego

Term

Prenatal Labs

Definition

ABO and Rh- blood type

Antibody screen

CBC-oxygen sat abiltiy

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia

UA-protein and glucose

Rubella

Hepatitis B

HIV- treat with anti bodies

Drug screen

Sickle-cell

PPD

Pap smear

Term
Subsequent Assessments
Definition

Frequency

Every 4 weeks: up to 28 weeks

Every 2 weeks: 28-36 weeks

Every week: 36 weeks to birth

Vital Signs

Weight Gain

Edema

Uterine Size

Fetal Heartbeat

Labs

Term
what to look for in a ultrasound
Definition

1. fetal anomoles

2. amneotic fluid measurements

3. placenta- placement , vains

4. growth- head and femer

5. EDC

Term

 

Prenatal LabsPrenatal Labs Schedule

Initial

 

Definition

CBC, ABO/Rh, ABS (antibody screen)

RPR or VDRL, Rubella, HBsAG

HIV, PPD, UA

GC, Chlamydia, Pap smear

Term
Definition

MSAFP

US

Term

Prenatal Labs Schedule

 28 weeks

Definition

H&H

1 hour GTT

rhogam

Term

Prenatal Labs Schedule

           36 weeks

Definition

H&H

GBS

Term

Education Danger signs in pregnancy

 

Labor S/S

Definition
contractions, dialation, pelvic pressure, back ach
Term

Education Danger signs in pregnancy

 

PIH s/s

Definition

HA

visual disturbence 

Term

Education Danger signs in pregnancy

 

Bleeding

Definition
should only ever have a small amout after sex. 
Term

Decreased fetal movement

(kick counts)

Definition

20 weeks- record movment should have 10/hr

< 10 drink juice and repeat

Do same time every day

Term

Education Danger signs in pregnancy

 

temperature

Definition

sign of infection= preterm labor

take tylanol

Term

Education Danger signs in pregnancy

 

persitent vomiting

Definition
causes dehydration= preterm labor
Term

Maternal Weight Gain 

        Optimal Weight Gain

                1st trimester:

Definition

3-5 lb

Term

Maternal Weight Gain

        Optimal Weight Gain

        2nd and 3rd trimester

Definition
        1 lb/week  (twins 1.5lb/week)
Term

Maternal Weight Gain

        Optimal Weight Gain

By 20 weeks gestation

Definition

10-13 lb

Term

Maternal Weight Gain

        Optimal Weight Gain

Sudden sharp increase:

Definition

3-5 lb/week  (PIH)

Term

Maternal Weight Gain

        Optimal Weight Gain

         Inadequate gains:

Definition
                          <2.2 lb/month
Term

Maternal Weight Gain

             Excessive gains:

Definition
                             >6.6 lb/month
Term

Nutritional Requirements

Calories

              1st trimester

Definition

no increase caloric needs

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Calories

             2nd trimester

Definition

300 kcal/day Increased caloric needs

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Calories

               3rd trimester:  

Definition

300 kcal/day Increased caloric needs

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Carbohydrates

Definition

Primary source of energy

needs increase

Promotes: weight gain, growth of fetus, placenta, and other maternal tissues

Sources: dairy products, fruits, vegetables, whole grain cereals, breads

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Protein

Definition

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Overall energy metabolism

Needs during pregnancy

60 g/day

20% increase

Sources: Meat, Fish, Poultry, Eggs, Dairy products

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Fat

Definition

Energy

More completely absorbed during pregnancy

RDA: <30% of daily caloric intake

Term

Nutritional Requirements

Fluid

Definition

Pregnancy:

Consume 8-10 glasses of fluid a day

4-6 glasses should be water

Diet sodas consumed in moderation

Caffeinated beverages are counterproductive

Term

Factors Influencing Nutrition

Definition

Lactose intolerance

Eating disorders

Pica       

Common discomforts of pregnancy

Cultural, ethnic, and religious influences

Psychosocial factors

Term

Adolescent Developmental Tasks

Definition

Developing sense of identity

Gaining autonomy and independence

Developing truly intimate relationships

Developing comfort with one’s own sexuality

Developing a sense of achievement

Term

Factors Contributing
to Adolescent Pregnancy

Definition

Risk Taking behavior

Intercourse not a conscious decision

Low self esteem

Deliberate

Acting out

Lack of knowledge

Term

Emancipation

Definition

Minors assume the same rights as adults

Self-supporting

Living away from home

Married

Pregnant

Parent

Military service

Term

Risks to Adolescent Mother

Definition

Often late getting prenatal care

Discounting value of prenatal care

Interruption of developmental tasks

Fear of weight gain

Prolonged dependence on parents

Lack of stable relationships

Lack of economic and social stability

May interrupt school

Term

Adolescent Complications

Definition

PIH

Iron deficiency anemia

Preterm birth

Low-birth-weight infants

Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

STD’s

Smoking and drug use

Term
hydramnios
Definition
(exces¬ sive amount of amniotic fluid)
Term
Quickening
Definition
Fetal movements felt by the mother, may indicate that the fetus is nearing 20 weeks' gestation. However, it may be experienced between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation, so this method is not completely accurate.
Term
Fetal Heartbeat
Definition

The ultrasonic Doppler device is the primary tool for assessing

can be detected, on average, at 8 to 12 weeks' gestation.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting

Definition

Avoid odors or causative factors. 

Eat dry crackers or toast before arising in morning. 

Have small but frequent meals. 

Avoid greasy or highly seasoned foods. Take dry meals with fluids between meals. Drink carbonated beverages.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Urinary frequency

Definition

Void when urge is felt. 

Increase fluid intake during the day. Decrease fluid intake only in the evening to decrease nocturia.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Fatigue

Definition

Plan time for a nap or rest period daily. Go to bed earlier. 

Seek family support and assistance with responsibilities so that more time is available to rest

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Breast tenderness

Definition
Wear well-fitting, supportive bra.
Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Increased vaginal discharge

Definition
Promote cleanliness by daily bathing. Avoid douching, nylon underpants, and pantyhose; cotton underpants are more absorbent; powder can be used to maintain dryness if not allowed to cake.
Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Nasal stuffiness and nosebleed (epistaxis)

Definition
May be unresponsive, but cool-air vaporizer may help; avoid use of nasal sprays and decongestants.
Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Ptyalism (excessive, often bitter salivation)

Definition
Use astringent mouthwashes, chew gum, or suck hard candy.
Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Heartburn (pyrosis)

Definition

Eat small and more frequent meals. 

Use low-sodium antacids. 

Avoid overeating, fatty and fried foods, lying down after eating, and sodium bicarbonate.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Ankle edema

Definition

Practice frequent dorsiflexion of feet when prolonged sitting or standing is necessary. Elevate legs when sitting or resting. Avoid tight garters or restrictive bands around legs

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Varicose veins

Definition

Elevate legs frequently. Wear supportive hose. 

Avoid crossing legs at the knees, standing for long periods, garters, and hosiery with constrictive bands.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Hemorrhoids

Definition

Avoid constipation. 

Apply ice packs, topical ointments, anesthetic agents, warm soaks, or sitz baths; gently reinsert into rectum as necessary.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Constipation

Definition

Increase fluid intake, fiber in the diet, and exercise. 

Develop regular bowel habits. 

Use stool softeners as recommended by physician.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Backache

Definition

Use proper body mechanics. 

Practice the pelvic-tilt exercise. 

Avoid uncomfortable working heights, highheeled shoes, lifting heavy loads, and fatigue.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Leg cramps

Definition

Practice dorsiflexion of feet to stretch affected muscle. 

Evaluate diet. 

Apply heat to affected muscles. 

Arise slowly from resting position.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Faintness

Definition

Avoid prolonged standing in warm or stuffy environments. 

Evaluate hematocrit and hemoglobin.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Dyspnea

Definition
Use proper posture when sitting and standing. Sleep propped up with pillows for relief if problem occurs at night.
Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Flatulence

Definition

Avoid gas-forming foods. 

Chew food thoroughly. 

Get regular daily exercise. 

Maintain normal bowel habits.

Term

Common Discomforts of Pregnancy

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Definition

Avoid aggravating hand movements. 

Use splint as prescribed. 

Elevate affected arm.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!