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OB Test 4
OB
34
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
04/20/2013

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Cards

Term
IUD
Definition
  • Mirena - Progestin to local area; No bleeding
  • Paraguard - Coppe; Increases bleeding; Cramping
  • Side effects - Nuliparis/Bleeding abnormality; hard to place
  • No MRI
  • Teaching - PAINS
Term
PAINS
Definition
  • P - Period late; abnormal spotting or bleed
  • A - Abdominal pain; pain with intercourse
  • I - Infection exposure; abnormal vaginal discharge
  • N - Not feeling well; fever, chills
  • S - String missing, shorter or longer; Dislodged device; Check wkly for first 4 wks, then monthly after they have their menstral cycle.
  • Copper - Ibuprofen
  • Still need annual PAP Smear
Term
Combination Oral Contraceptives
Definition
  • Estrogen/Progestin
  • Thickening of cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from etering the upper genital tract.
  • Suppress production of LH and FSH, thus inhibiting maturation of the follicle and ovulation.
  • Estrogen will dry up milk
  • Est/Pro to prevent endometrial cancer
  • No uterus = just estrogen
Term
Informed Consent
Definition
  • Surgery - Tubal Ligation
  • Use acronym BRAIDED
Term
BRAIDED
Definition
  • B - Benefits; explain them
  • R - Risks
  • A - Alternatives (Other methods)
  • I - Inquiries (Opportunity for questions)
  • D - Decisions (Opportunity to decide)
  • E - Explanations (Info on method and how to use) If something happens - What they need to do
  • D - Documentation (Info given and pt understands)
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
  • Barrier method
  • Latex; Can't use if Hx of toxic shock
  • Empty bladder
  • Leave in place 6hrs after intercourse
  • Hold up to light and inspect for holes
  • If lost weight, may need to resize
  • UTI prone
  • 24 hrs max then take out; Toxic shock
Term
Mini Pill
Definition
  • Oral Hormonal Contraceptive
  • Progestin only;
  • Less effective than combination
  • Good for people who are contraindicated of using estrogen
  • Cause thickening of the cervical mucus to prevent penetration for implantation.
  • Used by women who cant use estrogen.
  • More regular mensus
  • Cant use if thromboembolic; heavy smoker
  • May increase susceptibility to chlamydia.
Term
Fertility Tests
Definition
  • Basal Body Temperature - Every morning before getting out of bed take temp; Record; Right before ovulation, temp drops about 1 degree. When ovulation, temp rises. When menstration starts, temp drops. If temp stays high, chance of pregnancy.
  • Cervical Mucous Assessment - How well it is for sperm to migrate up the fillopean tubes.
  • Can use Progestin Inj. to maintain lining and make able for implantation. Regular women, this would cause too much mucous and prevent implantation.
Term
Breast Cancer
Definition
  • Prevention - Self-exam; Check same way every time in the shower; Look for changes in skin texture, retraction or indentation of nipple, discharge from nipple, or atypical fullness and/or puckering.
  • Most cancers found in Upper Outer Quadrant
  • Ultrasound/Mamogram
  • Fine needle aspiration biopsy removes fluid; Core needle biopsy needle gets more tissue. Blood in fluid is a bad sign.
  • Can do surgical biopsy.
Term
Benign Disorders of the Breasts
Definition
  • Fibrocystic breast changes - 28th day; bilateral; do breast exam early so avoid these. Decrease Zantines (Chocolate, coffee, and tea) because makes hurt worse.
  • Fibroadenoma - Painful; Bilateral; Young women in early 20s; Upper Outer Quadrant/Same as breast cancer.
  • Ductal Ectasia - Dilation of the collecting ducts; Large axillary nodes; discharge; Do a biopsy to confirm.
  • Intraductal Papilloma - Bloody discharge; Ultrasound; Mammogram.
  • Pt will have anxiety. Comfort and crap like that.
Term
Malignant Tumors of the Breast
Definition
  • Increases with age; Gene brooka 1 and 2; 65-85% ductal carinoma; majority estrogen dependant. The non-estrogen are very aggressive.
  • Risk factors - Obesity, alcohol, age, gender.
Term
Tamoxifen
Definition
  • Hormone for breast removal
  • Estrogen Blocker which suppresses tumor growth
  • Gives signs of menopause
  • Hotflashes, vag dryness, and Nausea, vag discharge, or anorexia may occur.
  • Lab values of calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides may be elevated with tamoxifen.
Term
Mammogram
Definition
  • May be used either to screen for cancer or to assist in the diagnosis of a palpable mass in the breast.
  • Annually for women at age 40 and older (ACS)
  • ACOG - every 1-2 yrs at ages 40 - 49 and yrly after age 50.
  • Brief discomfort occurs when the breast is compressed between two plates while the image is obtained.
  • Scheduling the mammography after a menstrual period, when the breasts are less tender, reduces discomfort.
Term
Masectomy
Definition
  • Simple - entire breast removed
  • Modified - Pectoralis minor removed, not major
  • Radical - Major and minor removed.
  • Radiation, Chemo, Hormonal (Tamoxifen); Estrogen blocker; Gives signs of menopause; Hotflashes, vag dryness, N/V.
  • Breast reconstruction same time as masectomy; Flaps or temp saline implant.
  • Often worried what husband will say
  • Manage breast care and drains
  • Lymphedema - Compression arm sleeves, elevate arm, no inj/BP in that arm.
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
  • Risk Factors - Early menopause, sedentary lifestyle, fair skin women, too much caffine/alcohol, long term corticosteroids.
  • S/S - Loss of height and back pain
  • Prevention - Weight bearing exercise in young age; Calc. and Vit. D to maintain and reduce speed of bone loss; Phosphimax/Boniva needs to be able to sit up because esophigitis.
  • Considerations - Fall risk; wrist fractures/breaks
  • Bone density test to verify; DEXA most effective.
Term
Cervical Cap
Definition
  • Smaller than diaphragm
  • Remain in place up to 6hrs after intercourse; No longer than 48 hrs or toxic shock.
  • Not used during menstrus or Hx of toxic shock; toxic shock happens.
  • Less chance of UTI than Diaphragm.
  • No physiological effects
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
  • Lining of uterus outside uterus
  • Lots of pain; infertility problems; painful intercourse; Diarrhea.
  • Oral contraceptives (Lower bleeding/backflow of shedding decreased/decreased spasms); testosterone derivative.
  • Acknowledge its real pain
  • Teach to control; NSAIDS before menstral cycle starts
  • Understand may be infertile.
Term
PMS
Definition
  • Rule out other conditions
  • Treat symptoms/Diet modification
  • Theory - Fluctuation of hormones
  • Keep diary of symptoms; Increase right before cycle then start to decrease when menstrating.
  • Paxal - Anti depressant;On when on menstral cycle; off when not menstrating.
  • Educate significant other on symptoms and why
Term
Uterine Fibroids
Definition
  • Benign disorders
  • Cervical polyps - small tumors; cervix; have a blood supply.
  • Uterine Leiomyomas - Fibroid tumors; Heavy long menstraul cycles. Urinary frequency if pushed on bladder; Oral contraceptives to decrease bleeding.
  • Ovarian Cysts - Fluid filled; Can rupture/twist; risk of losing ovary.
  • If on inside of uterus, increases surface are; more lining to shed; increased bleeding and longer menstral cycle.
Term
Ovarian Cancer
Definition
  • Diagnosis - CA125 most accurate in postmenopausal
  • S/S - "Silent" until metastasis has occurred.
  • Presents with vague abdominal symptoms in earlier stages.
  • Management - Surgery (hysterectomy with fallopian tubes and ovaries) and adjuvant therapy (chemo)
  • Oral contraceptives decrease risk by 50%
Term
Endometrial Cancer
Definition
  • Risk factors - Late menopause, early mensus, family Hx, HIV/AIDs.
  • S/S - postmenopausal bleeding
  • Management - Hysterectomy, adjuvant therapy (chemo/radiation), progesterone (conservative; counteracts estrogen)
Term
Candidiasis
Definition
  • Yeast infection
  • Not a STD
  • White cheesy discharge; burning
  • Tx with cream/suppository; myconizole (zoles)
  • Oralfluconizole - if get it all the time
Term
Trichomoniasis
Definition
  • Purulent, malodorous discharge; yellow/green/brown; Frothy
  • Tx - Flagyl; avoid alcohol; can have antip... reaction
  • Protozoan; Loves alkaline enviroments
Term
Bacterial Vaginosis
Definition
  • Thin grayish white discharge
  • Fishy odor; thats the key
  • Tx - metronidazole
Term
Chlamydial
Definition
  • Co-infection with gonorrhea common
  • Strains:
  • A,B,C cause trachoma, a chronic conjuctivitis that leads to blindness.
  • D - K responsible for assoc symptoms (most common) White discharge.
  • L1,L2,L3 assoc with lymphogranuloma; venereum or inguinale.
  • Un-Tx can lead to tubal scarring, PID
  • Tx - Azithromycin; safe in pregnancy, one dose. Doxycycline, levofloxacin, and erythromycin also work.
Term
Gonorrhea
Definition
  • Onset symptoms 2-5 days; Penile drip; purulent white.
  • Women asymptomatic most of time.
  • Neonatal conjunctivitis
  • Can spread to bloodstream, disseminated gonococcal infection.
  • Depending; can lead to septic arthritis, heart valve disorders, and meningitis.
  • 25% PCN resistant
  • Tx - Rocephin (ceftriaxone) DOC x1 Inj.
  • Tx - Cipro (ciproflaxin) 1 dose orally
  • Dont void for 4 hrs for urine test
Term
Syphilis
Definition
  • Tx - PCN G
Term
Herpes genitalis
Definition
  • Not curable; type I and II; Use Acyclavir or Valtrex
Term
Menopause
Definition
  • Avg age - 51 1/2 yrs; span of 3-5yrs
  • Depression
  • Therapy - Hormone replacement therapy if inflicts with everyday life. Will still have same symptoms when taken off therapy as before.
  • Clamactoric
  • Can be surgically induced; ovaries removed.
  • Estrogen dependent
  • Soy has same chemical makeup as estrogen. Estrogen prevents severe osteoporosis, soy cant prevent this.
Term
HRT/ERT
Definition
  • HRT - Estrogen/Progestin
  • ERT - Prolonged use of unopposed ERT predisposes to overgrowth (hyperplasia) of endometrial tissue and is a significant risk factor for uterine cancer.
Term
OHSS (Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome)
Definition
  • Side effect of Clomid
  • Marked ovarian enlargement with exudation of fluid and protein into the womans peritoneal and pleural cavities.
Term
Clomid
Definition
  • Facilitates Pregnancy
  • Used to increase LH and FSH; Develops corpus luteum and stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and ovulation.
  • Excreted in feces
  • Stop when pregnant
  • AE - Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; multiple gestation; visual disturbances
  • Side effects - PMS, nervous, tenderness, hotflashes, dizziness.
  • 1st course - 25-50mg for 5 days
  • Second - If ovulation, same as first; if not ovulating, 100mg for 5 days.
  • Used on days 3-7 most common; can use on 5-9
Term
ACHES
Definition
  • A - Abdominal pain; mesenteric or pelvic vein thrombosis; Benign liver tumor, gall bladder disease.
  • C - Chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, couph; Pulmonary emboli or myocardial infarction.
  • H - Severe headache, weakness or numbness of extremities, hypertension; Stroke, migraine
  • E - Eye problems (complete or partial loss of vision), head ache; Retinal vein thrombosis, stroke, migraine
  • S - Severe leg pain or swelling (calf or thigh), swelling, heat, redness; DVT.
  • Oral Hormonal Contraceptives check.
Term
Depo-Provera
Definition
  • Q 12 wks
  • Wgt gain
  • Black box warning - Bone density loss; not for adolecense or longer than 2 yrs. Need cal. and vit D with shot. Osteoporosis.
  • Dont massage area because it will speed up absorption and decrease time in body.
  • Back up contraceptives for first 5 days
  • Can be given immediately after delivery
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