Term
|
Definition
| Birth occurring before the end of 20 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bluish discoloration of hands and feet and may be present in the first few hours of birth but resolves with improve circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of menses. Primary and secundary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure whereby amniotic fliud is obtained for genetic disorders, fetal health status and evaluation of fetal maturity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time btw conception and onset of labor. (prenatal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rebound of the fetus or passive fetal movement felt by the examiner by pushing the fetal body up against the cervix |
|
|
Term
| Braxton HIcks Contractions |
|
Definition
| irregular, usually painless uterine contractions ocurring intermitently throughout pregnancy, beginning around 4 month. (False Labor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bluish purple discoloration of cervix, vagina, vulva and mucus membrane (4 weeks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rebound of the fetus or passive fetal movement felt by the examiner by pushing the fetal body up against the cervix |
|
|
Term
| Braxton HIcks Contractions |
|
Definition
| irregular, usually painless uterine contractions ocurring intermitently throughout pregnancy, beginning around 4 month. (False Labor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bluish purple discoloration of cervix, vagina, vulva and mucus membrane (4 weeks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facial darkening of skin around forehead and prominent in dark-haired women worsened by exposure to the sun (mask of pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellowish or creamy looking that is tickers than mature milk and contains more protein, fat soluble vitamins and minerals, antibodiesIgA and provide passive immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Development of physical symptoms such as fatigue, backage, depression by the partner of the pregnant woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separation of the rectus abdominis muscle due to excess pressure of the enlarged uterus resulting in pendulous abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a soft blowing sound of blood pulsating through umbilicus occurs at same rate as the fetal heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of weeks of pregnancy since the first day of the last menstrual period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Softening of the cervix-due to estrogen and progesterone probable sign of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any pregnancy regardless of duration including present one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Softening of the isthmus of cervix'around 6-8 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pigmented line extending from pubic area to umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A woman in second or any subsequent pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A woman who had 2 or more births at more than 2 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Woman who had no births at more than 20 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has never been pregnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Birth after 20 weeks gestation regardless of whether infant is born alive or dead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistent eating of substances such as clay, soil, soap, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time from birth until the body returns to prepregnancy state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a woman who is present pregnant for the first time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A woman who has had one birthat more than 20 weeks gestation, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Labor occurring after 42 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Labor occurring after 20 weeks, but before 37 weeks gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TIme from delivery of the placenta and membranes until woman returns to pre-pregnant condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physiology anemia of pregnancy. Increase plasma volume 50 %, is greater than total erythrocyte volume of 30%, the hematocrit decrease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a fluttering sensation in the abdomen. Perception of fetal movement. Occurs about 18'20 weeks in a primiparous but as early as 16 weeks in a multiparous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infant born dead after 20 weeks of gestation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stretch marks, reddish and wavy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A soft blowing sound heard during abdominal auscultation over the uterus at same rate with maternal pulse-due to increased uterine blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period btw conception through complete birth of the products of conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reproductive Changes in Pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Increase amount of estrogen ad growing fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ease of flexing the body of uterus againts the Cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in size by the en of the 12 week above the symphysis pubis by end of 12 wks pear to globular shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Descent of the fetal head into the pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ovum production ceases
Corpus luteum persists and secrets hormones until wks 6-8. Secretes progesterone until wks 7
Placenta assumes its function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ph 4-5
Increase estrogen levels. Thickness mucos, secretions (leukorrhea)
Connective tissue relaxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased estrogen and progesterone levels
Increased size
Fullness , areolas darken
Colostrum produce during 3rd trimester
Blue veins, Montgomery tubercule enlarge
Striae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To meet increased O2 demand. Levels of progesterone causes:
Increase volume 30-40%
Decreased airway resistance
Hyperventilation SOB
Increase antero-posterior diameter
Nasal stiffness due to increase estrogen levels
Epistaxis due to hypersecretion of mucus and vascular congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CO & blood volume increases
Uterus size interferes with blood volume return
Increased level of red blood cells to increase O2 delivery to cells
Pseudoanemia
Hypercoagulation state
Supine hypotension
Pulse rate increase
BP decreases
Edema and varicosities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nause, vomiting symptoms
Stimulates progestorone & estrogen secretion to maintain pregnancy
Secreted by trophoblast (placenta) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heartburn, pyrosis due to relaxation of cardiac sphincter
Constipation, flatulence=due to displacement of stomach, decrease peristalsis
Nause, vomiting = Hgc
Hyperptyalism(increase salivation) = estrogen levels
Risk for gallstones formation= elevated cholesterol levels
Gingival hypertrophy-bleed easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase Blood Volume 50% by second
To compensate renal tubular reabsorption increases
Glycosuria
Urinary frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1-13 first
14-26 second
26-40-42 third |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relaxation of joints caused by increased estrogen and progesterone
Wadding gait
Lordosis
Diastasis rectis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease attention, concentration and memory
Depression
Memory loss dissappears after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metabolism increased
Thyroid enlargement
Pituitary enlargement . Anterior pituitary produce prolactin
Parathyroid enlargement allows for better use of calcium and vitamin D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pancreas: 1 st trimester decreased insuline. After that the woman has increased insulin needs
Adrenal: Increase aldosterone.
Neck: Slight hyperplasia of thyroid in the 3rd trimester, small, nontender node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Normal: BMI 25-35
3-5 lbs 1st trimester
1lb week 2nd-3rd
12-15 2nd trimester
12-15 3rd trimester
Overweight: 15-25 lbs
Underweight: reach ideal wt PLUS gain 25-35 lbs
Obese less or equeal to 15 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
needs and additional 300 cal/day
prenatal vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Controls development of female secondary sex characteristcs
Assist in the maturation of the ovarian follicles
Causes endometrial mucosa to proliferate following menstruation
Causes uterus to increase in size and weight
Increased myometrial contractility in both the uterus and fallopian tubes
Increases uterine sensitivity to oxytocin
Inhibits FSH production
Stimulates LH production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreases uterine motility and contractility
Facilitates vaginal epithelium proliferation
Secretion of thick viscous cervical mucus
Increases breast glandular tissue in preparation for breast feeding
Produced by Corpus Luteum- 1st 5 weeks intil placenta do |
|
|
Term
| Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) |
|
Definition
| antagonist of insulin, decreases material metabolism of glucose to favor fetal growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits uterin activity, decreasing uterine contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatty acids produced by the endometrium classified as hormones
Primaries: PGE and PGF
PGE relaxes smooth muscles
PGF increases contractility of muscles
High concentration in pregnancy
Exact function unknown
Decreased amount may lead to HTN/eclampsia
Associated with onset of labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amenorrhea
Nauseaand vomiting
fatigue
Urinary frequency
Breast changes
Quickening |
|
|
Term
| Objective (probable) signs of pregnancy |
|
Definition
Pelvic organ changes
Goodell´s and Chadwick´s sign
Hegar´s sign and McDonald´s sign
Uterine enlargement
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Uterine Souffle
Skin pigmentations
Pregnancy test
Ballotment
Fetal outline |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostics positive changes |
|
Definition
Fetal heartbeat audible with stethoscope at 18-2' weeks, doppler 10-12 wks
PReFetal movement felt examiner 20-24 wks, mother 16-20 wks
Visualization of the fetus. Ultrasound per vagina gestational 5 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Urine Test
Serum test
OTC pregnancy test
if negative test may be repeated in 1 week if period has not occurred
Enzyme immunoassay tests
Performed on urine
Sensitive
Detect even low levels of hCG
Instructions must be followed carefully |
|
|
Term
| Mom´s Psychological Changes |
|
Definition
1st trimester: acceptance of pregnancy
2nd trimester: acceptance of baby. quickening
3rd trimester: Acceptance of birth. anxiety about birth nesting occurs |
|
|
Term
| Dad´s Psychological changes |
|
Definition
1st trimester: disbellief, unreal
2nd trimester: involvement, role, resent attention. begins to decide which behaviors of own father he wants to imitate or discard
3rd trimester: couvade, role. Anxiety about labor and birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ensuring safe passage through pregnancy, labor, and birth
acceptance from others
Commitment as a mother |
|
|
Term
| Family Psychological changes |
|
Definition
siblings: threat to security in relation with parents
Grandparents: Usually supportive, excited |
|
|
Term
| Cultural competency on birth |
|
Definition
main beliefs
wishes
traditions
values
behaviors about pregnancy and chilbearing
Assess for universal tendencies of rituals-celebrations
Assess individual uniqueness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early adoslescence 14 and under. Conformity to peer group
Middle adolescence 15-17 seeks independence
late adolescence 18-19 understand and accepts consequeences for behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Risks in adolescence pregnancy |
|
Definition
preterm labor
low birth weight infant
cephalopelvic disproportion
iron deficiency anemia
preeclampsia
STI´s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetal death risk older than 35
more likely to have chronic medical conditions
Chronic medical conditions could pose a risk to the fetus
Increase risk for cesarean section
Risk Down Syndrome
Risk for autosomal dominant inherited disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limits of practice set by state statutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum criteria for competence delivery of nursing care- protection of public |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right to autonomy-self determination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
under 18 pregnant teens
mature minors 14-15 y
right to privacy
DNR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chilhood defined starting at conception
Designed to promote prenatal care on 2002
George W Bush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from onset of true labor until birth of fetus and placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Begins with the 1st day of LMP substract 3 months and add 7 days. base on 280 days of pregnacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement from symphysis pubis to top of uterus in cms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fundus at symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fundus just above symphysis pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assessment of fetal development |
|
Definition
quickening
fetal heartbeat
ultrasound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: number of term infants born
P: number of preterm infants
A: number of pregnacies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic abortion
L: number of currently living children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Every 4 weeks for the first 28 weeks gestation
Every 2 weeks until 36 weeks gestation
Every week until chilbirth after week 36 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T: toxoplasmosis
O: Hepatitis B
R: Rubella
C: Cytomegalovirus
H: Herpex Simplex Virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagonal conjugate
measure at least 11. 5 cm
Obstetric conjugate -10 cm or more |
|
|
Term
| Fetal Activity Monitoring |
|
Definition
Cardiff Couting method:
Focus in couting fetal movements and keeping 3 records
movement good
no movement no good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than 3 fetal movement within 1 hour warrant further evaluation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
use of an electronic fetal monitor to determine fetal well being
no oxytocin
20-30 min
Reactive -good lasting 15 second or more in a 20 min windw at least 2 of 15 bpm above baseline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evaluate respiratory function of the placenta
NEGATIVE- 3 good contractions of 40 or more secs in 10 minutes, without late decelerations (desire)
Positive-repetitive late decelaration with more than 50% on contractions
equivocal or suspicius: nonpersistant late decels or decels assiaciated with hyperstimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
16-18 weeks and at regular interval for pregnancy at risk
normal S/D ratio below 2.6 by 26 weeks or below 3 at term
Above 3 is abnormal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Procedure used to obtain amniotic fluid
Done after 14 weeks btw 15-16 or in late pregnancy 30-35 weekss
genetic concerns
Congenital anomalies
Fetal maturity
Fetal hemolytic disease
99% accuracy |
|
|
Term
| Chonic Villus Sampling (CVS) |
|
Definition
| 10-12 weeks removal of small tissue from fetal portion of the placenta |
|
|
Term
| Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Sampling |
|
Definition
1-4 ml of blood is removed
During 2nd and third trimester |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Persistent vomiting: HYpermesis gravidarum
Severe headache: Hypertension, preemclampsia
Edema: preeclampsia
Muscular irritability: Preeclampsia, eclampsia
Epigastric pain: Preeclampsia, ischemia in major abdominal vessel
Oliguria: renal impairment, decreased fluid intake
Dysuria: UTI
Absence of fetal movement: maternal medication, obesity, fetal death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pre-embryonic 2 weeks
Embryonic 3-8 weeks
Fetal period 9 week to birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4-6 mm, brain formed from anterior neural tube, limb buds seen, heart beats, GI system begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 12 mm, primitive skeletal shape, chambers in heart, respiratory system begins, ear formation begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embryo is most vulnerable to teratogenesis during the forst 8 weeks of cell diferentiation and organ system development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maternal and fetal genotype
stage of develoment when exposure occurs
dose and duration of exposure to the agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
about 11.5 - 13 cm and wrights 100 g
eyes, ears, and nose are formed, face
Fetus is covered with lanugo
Baby sex
fetus active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weights about 1800-2100 and is about 31-33 cm
Sense of taste
skin red and wrinkled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
considered term at 38
weighs 3000-3600 48-52 cm long
Baby fully formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heartbeat with fetoscope
quickening
Regular schedule
hands grasp
fav possition
vexnix and lanugo
head hair, eyebrwon, eyelashes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eyes open and close
baby can breath
surfactant needed
2/3 final lenght |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
baby fingernails
subcutaneus fat
less red and wrinkled |
|
|
Term
| Effects of use of cocaine and crack |
|
Definition
Maternal effects: seizures, hallucinations, pulmonary edema, cerebral hemorrhage, heart problems, respiratory failure, spontaneous abortion, abruptio placentae, preterm, and stillbirth exagerated sartle reflex, diarreah, cocaine crosses into breast milk
Fetal Neonatal effects: IUGR, small head circumference, cerebral infarction, altered brain dev, shorter body lenght |
|
|
Term
| if cocaine use after childbirth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effects of use of Marijuana |
|
Definition
no evidence in teratogenic
Withdraw and ecessive crying |
|
|
Term
| Effects of use of Ecstasy |
|
Definition
MDMA
euphoria and feelings of empathy for others
Dead
fetal brain development |
|
|
Term
| Effects of use of Heroine |
|
Definition
CNS depressant narcotic
Euphoria
malnutrition
IUGR and meconium aspiration
hypoxia
vomiting seizures
withdrawal
poor consolability |
|
|
Term
| Effects of use of Methadone |
|
Definition
Blocks withdrawal symptoms
Abnormal fetal presentation
Crosses placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CNS depressant
Potent teratogenic
Maternal: malnutrition
bone marrow supression
liver disease
withdrawal seizures
new born may suffer withdrawal syndrome
mental abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
|
Definition
first diagnose during pregnancy
difficult to control
Risk for ketoacidosis
HTN may occur
Nephropathy
Retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
|
Definition
1st trimester easy to control after that more complicated
babies are bigger with mom diabetes bc they consume the extra sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lower uterine contraction
contraindications: HTN, DM, preemclampsia
HOLD magnesium if knee-jerk reflex absent |
|
|
Term
Oxytocin (pitocin)
Misoprostol (Cytotec) |
|
Definition
Precipitate or increase uterine contractions
Contraindications: cephalopelvic disproportion, malpresentation, nonreasuring fetal signs, placenta previa, active genital herpes, uterine scar.
Discontinue if contractions are less than 2 minutes or last more than 90 seconds, then use left side lying position oxygenm prepare for cesarean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uterine stimulants to decrease post partum bleeding
give antidiarreah, asses for bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Misoprostol (cytotec) dinoprostone (cervidil) |
|
Definition
Electtive abortion 12-28 weeks
Asses, dinoprostone: elevation temperature, notify physician of chest tightness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticonvulsant
lower seizures in preeclampsia
Assess low BP, low Respirations, pulse rythm, seizure precautions
Discontinue for tighness in chest or absence of knee jerk reflex, chech serum magnesium levels 6 hours, warm flush is expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bethametasone (celestone), dexamethasone
lower neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
F &E imbalance, cerebral edema . discontinue slowly if used more than 1 week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hydralazine, labetalol, nifedipine (procardia)
Lower BP in preeclampsia
Asses BP, pulse fluid imbalance, respiratory depression, hyporeflexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magnesium sulfate overdose antidote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polyhydramnios/hydramnios
hyperglycemia
preeclampsia-eclampsia
ketoacidosis
infections-monilial, vaginitis, UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrosomia
Congenital anomalies
IGRU
Respiratory distress syndrome
Polycythemia
Hyperbilirubemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50g random glucose test at 24-28 weeks
Results over 130 -140 require further testing
Three hour GTT (OGTT)
FBS - 95
1 hour 180
2 hour 155
3 hr 140
any 2 of 3 hr GTT=diagnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diet and insulin
HbA1c
Lispro or aspart taken beofre meals and NPH or Lente before breakfast and at bedtime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetal well being NST
BPP
MSAFP offered at 16-20 weeks
Ultrasound 18 and 20 weeks
Dayly fetal activity
Education hypo and hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fetal well being NST
BPP
MSAFP offered at 16-20 weeks
Ultrasound 18 and 20 weeks
Dayly fetal activity
Education hypo and hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calories needs increase 500-800 kcal above prepregnant state |
|
|
Term
| intrapartal management DM |
|
Definition
Timing birth
to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia/check hourly
IV lines 5% dextrose-saline solution
decrease insuline requirement |
|
|
Term
| Causes of bleedng on 1st and 2nd trimester |
|
Definition
Chromosomal abnormalities
Teratogenic drugs
Faulty implantation-ectopic
Placental abnormalities
Maternal infections |
|
|
Term
| Classification of spontaneous abortions |
|
Definition
threatened abprtion
imminent abortion
complete abortion
Incomplete abortion
Missed abortion
habitual abortion |
|
|
Term
| Nursing management abortion |
|
Definition
bedrest
VS, FHT
Signs of shock
Count/weight pads
Asses FHR
Prepare for IV and O2
assess coping mechanism
Labs, type & cross match, transfusion, Hct, Hgb
Rhogam
D & C
If bleeding persist 12 weeks induction of labor by oxytocin and protaglandins
Emotional support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Implantation of the blastocyst or ovum in a site other than the uterus
Common fallopian tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any factor that results in tubal occlusion such as PID and IUD
Previous tubal surgeries
Anomalies of the fallopian tubes
Endometriosis
Uterine exposure to DES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sharp unilateral pain (adnexal mass) palpable over ovary fallopain tube, and syncope
Referred shoulder pain, Lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding
Fainting and dizziness
Hypovolemia
Rigid tender abdomen
1-2 missed menses
hcG present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low hcG levels
History of missed menses
Pelvic mass and tenderness
Low progesterone levels
Ultrasound |
|
|
Term
| Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment |
|
Definition
Salpingostomy- possile before rupture
Salpingectomy
inyection of Intramuscular methotrexate- destroy rapid dividing cells |
|
|
Term
| Gestational Trophblastic disease (molar pregnancy) |
|
Definition
Pathologic proliferation of trophoblastic cells
Hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
Uterine enalargement greater than gestational age, vaginal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abnormal development of the placenta (degeneration of trphoblastic villi) into fluid filled, grape like clusterd
complete mole
partial mole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Present in 50%
May pass hydropic vesicles
Hyperemesis gravidarum
higher serum hCG leves |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosos of hydatidiform mole |
|
Definition
Hcg positive
Ultrasound= no fetus
Urinalysis= proteinuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ultrasound
D & C
Curettage
Emotional support
Hysterectomy for excessive bleeding
Follow up one year
hCG level indicates choriocarcinama
SINGLE AGENT CHEMOTHERAPY METHOTREXATE
Pregnancy should be avoided for one year |
|
|
Term
| Hydatidiform Mole nursing care |
|
Definition
VS, vaginal bleeding
Check for Abd. pain
assess emotional state
Cross and match
Oxytocin-uterine contraction
Rh immune globulin if Rh negative
delay pregnancy 1 year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implantation in the lower uterine segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premature separation of the placenta |
|
|
Term
| Categories of placenta previa |
|
Definition
total
partial
marginal
low-lying |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors placenta previa |
|
Definition
prior
multiple pregnancies and birth
C/S, curretage
advance maternal age
abortion
cigarrete smoking, male fetus |
|
|
Term
| Implications of Placenta previa |
|
Definition
psy stress
transverse lie common
Changes in FHR
Meconium staining
fetal compromise (hypoxia)
Cesarean birth
Neonatal anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NO VAGINAL EXAM
bed rest
Monitor blood loss, pain, uterine contractility
LAbs hgb, hct, Rh Factors, uniralysis
IV-lactated Ringers
Two units of cross-marched blood |
|
|
Term
| nursing management placenta previa |
|
Definition
NO VAGINAL EXAMS
Subjective and Objective Blood loos, pain, uterine contractility
External Fetal monitoring of FHR
I&O every 5-15 min w/ active hemorrhage
Family cope
Provide information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually at 3 trimester
incidence 1:100 births
HTN, cocaine abuse, trauma |
|
|
Term
| Types of placenta abruptio |
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Definition
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Term
| Marginal Placenta Abruptio |
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Definition
Separates its edges
BLood passes btw fetal membranes and uterine wall
Blood escapes vaginally |
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Term
| Placenta abruptio central |
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Definition
separate centrally
blood trapped btw placenta and uterine wall
Concealed bleeding |
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Term
| Abruptio placenta complete |
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Definition
Total separation
Massive vaginal bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
excessive intrauterine pressure caused by
hydramnios
multiple gestation
HTN
smoking
alcohol
Advanced maternal age
Multiparity
trauma
MVA
Premature rupture of membranes
Short umbilical cord
Cocaine abuse |
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Term
| Symptoms Abruptio Pacentae |
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Definition
Sudden onset
Dark venous blood or bright red vaginal bleeding
Abdomen rigid (borad like), hard
Severe pain
Note- opposite of previa
PREPARA FOR EMERGENCY C/S |
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Term
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Definition
| Premature dilatation of the cervix associated with repeated second trimester spontaneous abortions |
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Term
| Possible Causes of inc. Cervix |
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Definition
Cervical trauma
Infection
Congenital vcervical or uterine anomalies
Increased uterine volume |
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Term
|
Definition
Painless, bloodless second trimester abortion (20 weeks)
Uterine contraction
Pelvic exam show dilatation and effacement
RISK:
Cong. structural defects
Increased maternal age
Hx of cervical trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
Shirodkar procedure (cerclage)
Reinforces the weakned cervix
Purse string suture is placed in cervix
Cesarean birth may be planned
Suture cut vaginal birth |
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Term
|
Definition
Excessive nause and vomiting during pregnancy past 12 weeks
Increase levels of hCG may play role
Dehydration, muscle wasting |
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Term
|
Definition
Unknown
Women w/ history of hyperemesis
Migraine headaches, motion sickness
Sickness r/t total contraceptives
Hyperthyroidism
Helicobacter pylori infection
Emotional factor |
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Term
|
Definition
To control vomiting nd dehydration
antiemetics
Potassium chloride
Vitamin B6
TPN |
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Term
|
Definition
spontaneous ROM prior to onset of laor
Preterm ROM oocurring before 37 weeks
Diagnosis: Nitrazine paper and Ferning test Dark blue (ammniotic fluid) alkaline |
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Term
|
Definition
bed rest
LABS CBC WBC
C reactive protein and urinalysis
Administer BETAMETHASONE |
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Term
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Definition
Gestational
Preeclampsia-Eclampsia
Chronic hypertension
Chronic HTN with superimposed preeclampsia or eclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
Increased BP
Proteinuria
Edema |
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Term
| Clinical man. Preeclampsia |
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Definition
Mild preeclampsia
BP 140/90 or higher
1 proteinuria
Liver enzymes elevated
Edema |
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Term
|
Definition
BP 160/110 mm Hg or higher
Proteinuria which is 5g/L in 24 hr |
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Term
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Definition
Bed rest
Monitors BP
24 urine hr
Low NA diet, High protein
Check fetal movement
Advised to report signs of worsening preeclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
bed rest
High protein-low NA diet
24 hr urine collection
Fetal well being
Anticonvulsant therapy MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
Corticorteroid and Antihypertensive drugs
Apresoline, aldomet, procardia, labetelol |
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Term
|
Definition
Grand mal convulsion
antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum
Magnesium sulfate
sedation: dilantin
Furosemide (lasix)
Digitalis: for circulatory failure
I&O
Anti HTN |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
risk fro placental abruption, acute renal failure, pulmoary edema, hepatic hematoma, ruptured liver
Complication from preemclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
complicates about 1% of pregnancies
Decrease cardiac reserve
Diminished capacity to handle pregnancy workload |
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Term
|
Definition
Blunt trauma
Penetrating injuries
Gunshot wounds
Motor vehicles accident- most common
Falls
Direct assaults
Maternal shock
Premature labor or spontaneous abortion |
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