Term
| LG1- Define leadership and contrast leadership and management. |
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Definition
What is leadership?
- The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals
- Leadership is about coping with change
- Non-sanctioned leadership: the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization
Management
- Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid org. structures and monitoring results against the plans
- Consists of implementing the vision and strategy provided by leaders, coordinating and staffing the organization, and handling day-to-day problems |
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Term
| LG2- Summarize the conclusions of trait theories. |
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Definition
- Trait theories of leadership: theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders
- Advantage if the leader is:
o Extraverted
o Conscientious
o Open
o Emotional intelligence
o Empathy |
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Term
| LG3- Identify the central tenets and main limitations of behavioural theories. |
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Definition
- Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non-leaders
- Ohio state studies
o Two main dimensions: initiating structure and consideration
o initiating structure: the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his/her role and those of subordinates in the search for the goal attainment
o consideration: the extent to which a leader is likely to have job relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect for subordinates’ ideas and regard for their feeling
- University of Michigan Studies
o 2 dimensions: employee oriented, production oriented
o Employee-oriented leader: a leader who emphasizes interpersonal relations, takes a personal interest in the needs of employees and accepts individual differences among members
o Production-oriented leader: emphasizes technical or task aspects of the job
o Managerial grid: a nine-by-nine matrix outlining 81 different leadership style |
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Term
| LG4- Assess contingency theories of leadership by their level of support-Fiedler model |
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Definition
Contingency theories:
• Fielder model: proposes that effective group performance depends on the proper match between the leader’s style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader
o Least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire: an instrument that purports to measure whether a person is task or relationship oriented
o Defining situation
1. Leader-member relations: the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates have in their leader
2. Task structure: the degree to which job assignments are procedurized
3. Position power: influence derived from one’s formal structural position in the organization, includes power to hire, fire, discipline, promote and give salary increases
o Matching leaders and situations
o Evaluation
o Cognitive resource theory
A theory of leadership that states that stress unfavorably affects a situation and that intelligence and experience can reduce the influence of stress on the leader |
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Term
| LG4- Assess contingency theories of leadership by their level of support- Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory. |
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Definition
o Situational leadership theory (SLT): a contingence theory that focuses on followers’ readiness
o Readiness
o Combination of: able/unable and willing/unwilling |
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Term
| LG4- Assess contingency theories of leadership by their level of support- Path Goal theory |
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Definition
o A theory that states that it is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization
o Leader behaviors
Directive leaders let followers know what is expected of them, schedules work to be done and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks
Supportive leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of followers
Participative leader consults with followers and uses their suggestions before making a decision
Achievement- oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level |
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Term
| LG5- Contrast the interactive theories path-goal and leader-member exchange |
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Definition
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory
- A theory that supports leaders’ creation of in-groups and out-groups, subordinates with in-group status will have higher performance ratings, less turnover and greater job satisfaction
Decision theory: Vroom and Yetton’s leader-participation model
- The final theory argues that the way the leader makes decisions is as important as what she/he decides
- Leader-participation model: a leadership theory that provides a set of rules to determine the form and amount of participative decision making in different situations |
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Term
| LG6- Identify the situational variables in the leader-participation model. |
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Definition
| A leadership theory that provides a set of rules to determine the form and amout of participative decision making in different situations. |
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Term
| LG7- Asses the basic similarities and differences of leadership across Europe |
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Definition
-Cluster 1: Anglo culture: empowering and motivating people
-Cluster 2: Scandinavian culture: concerns quality of life in general, emphasis on relationship
-Cluster 3: Mediterranean culture: leaders are expected to be more powerful |
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