Term
Advantages: OAEs & Pediatric Assessment
-Appropriate for ___ ages
-___-specific information
-___-specific information
-No ___ response is needed
-______ auditory response
-Sound-treated room ____ needed |
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Definition
| all; Ear; Frequency; behavioral; Pre-neural; is not |
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Term
Disadvantages: OAEs & Pediatric Assessment
-Not a true test of ___
-Does not evaluate ___ pathways
-Middle ear disorder ___ OAEs
-Provides limited value in estimating ___ level |
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Definition
| hearing; neural; invalidates; hearing |
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Term
| What are some advantages of behavioral measures? |
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Definition
-Only true test of hearing
-Frequency specific
-Measures communication
-Tests cortical auditory function |
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of behavioral measures? |
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Definition
-limited value in babies less than 6 months
-Influenced by development and maturation
-Influenced by neurological (motor) status
-Note site specific for auditory dysfunction
-Not ear specific in infants
-Yields limited info on children who are difficult to test |
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Term
| What are some advantages of immittance measures? |
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Definition
-Sensitive test of ME status
-Ear and frequency specific info
-Tests retrocochlear function
-Tests brainstem function
-No behavioral responses required
-Can record in sleep/sedation
-Doesn't require a sound-treated room |
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of immittance measures? |
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Definition
-Not a true test of hearing
-Information is limited by middle ear disorder
-Does not test high (cortical) function |
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Term
Negative Middle Ear Pressure:
-Studies show maximum OAE amplitude with ear canal pressure of ___ daPa, then ___ amplitude for higher or lower pressure
-TEOAEs are not typically detected in ears with abnormal negative pressures exceeding ____ daPa |
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Definition
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Term
-OAEs ___ be recorded in ears with tubes. If tube is open, no active M.E. disease, and normal hearing sensitivity, then ___% chance that OAEs will be present
-If OAEs are present in ears with patent tubes, OAE amplitude is often ___ (especially in the lower freqs.)
-If findings show: Normal OAE amplitudes across a wide freq range, it is likely that tubes are ___, middle ear function is ___, & cochlear dysfunction can be ___ ___ |
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Definition
| MAY; 50; reduced; patent; intact; ruled out |
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Term
| DPOAE & TEOAE are often ___ in ears with OM or middle ear effusion |
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Definition
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Term
Ruptured Eardrum:
-OAEs may be present if perforation is ___ & no active _________ is present
-OAE amplitude may be normal ___ freqs or normal in the ___ freqs only |
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Definition
| small; middle ear disorder; across; high |
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Term
| Will OAEs be present or absent in someone with otosclerosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| OAEs can ID NHIL, MIHL, and military related hearing loss ___ HL shows in hearing threshold levels, may help ID those at great ___ for future HL, and monitor ___ of hearing conservation programs |
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Definition
| before; risk; effectiveness |
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Term
| Common to see ___ OAEs in those with severe tinnitus; often comforts patients! |
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Definition
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Term
-Changes in both types of OAEs with exposure to ___-related noise for a large sample (n = 5072). ____ exposure had no effect on OAEs
-Decreased amplitudes at ___ kHz and ___ kHz helped with EARLY detection of noise-induced auditory dysfunction
-OAEs confirmed cochlear dysfunction in ___ exposure & ___ with pure tone audiograms. ____ showed better correlation with audiograms than ___
-Early study showed OAEs are more sensitive than pure-tone audiometry in detecting cochlear (OHC) damage |
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Definition
| work-related; Music; 4 kHz & 6; noise; agreed; DPOAEs; TEOAEs |
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Term
Chemical Substances & Noise:
-___ is toxic to the auditory system and in found in fiber glass
-Combined exposure to ___ sound levels and ___ of styrene may increase chance of cochlear dysfunction
-Hearing thresholds were ___ in group with combined exposure relative to the control group |
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Definition
| Styrene; high; inhalation; poorer |
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Term
-Monitor ototoxicity-Most ototoxic drugs damage _____, HF SNHL may begin above ___ kHz, AAA best practice guidelines rec using OAEs
-Pseudohypacusis-Functional loss; volunteered ___ responses do NOT represent thresholds
-Auditory Neuropathy (AN)-Neural disorder - requires acoustic nerve involvement; diverse symptoms; does not include IHC disorder, can be unilateral, must add neural measure (ABR) to OAE. Normal OAEs & absent ABR suggests AN, but absent OAE & ABR is equivocal, so add ___ to differentiate sensory vs. neural disorder |
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Definition
| OHCs; 8; behavioral; ECochG |
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Term
-OAEs are used to ___ hearing in pre-school & school-age
children
-Gold standard: pure-tone screening at 20 dB HL at ___, ___, and ___ Hz
-Pure-tone screen does not work for many ___ |
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Definition
| screen; 1000, 2000, & 4000; preschoolers |
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Term
Head Start Screening:
-Hall screens DPOAE at ____-____ Hz
-If child refers, then does ___ & ___ |
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Definition
| 2000-5000; otoscopy; tympanometry |
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Term
-Adding ___ increases hit rate of DPOAE
-OEA screenings are ___, efficient, have a ___ test time, and patients can often ___ |
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Definition
| tympanometry; simple; fast; comply |
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Term
OAE Screening in Pre-Schoolers: How To Decrease False Positive Outcomes on OAEs:
-OAE-NF difference greater than or equal to ___ dB and absolute OAE amplitude greater than ___ dB SPL |
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Definition
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Term
Targeted Disorders for NBHS:
-___ permanent sensory, ___, or ___ HL (unilateral or bilateral)
-Many false positive outcomes on OAE or ABR due to ________. Screen with ___ Hz tympanograms |
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Definition
| Congenital; neural; conductive; middle ear disorder; 1000 |
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Term
Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Newborns:
1. Caregiver ___ about delays in speech, hearing, or development
2. ________
3. NICU >___ days or any length NICU stay if: ECMO, ototoxic drugs, hyperbilirubinemia requiring transfusion
4. In ___ infections (CMV, herpes, rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis)
5. ____ anomalies |
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Definition
| concern; FHHL; 5; utero; Craniofacial |
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Term
More risk factors for newborn hearing loss:
1. Physical findings associated with ______HL
2. Syndromes associated with ___ ___
3. ____ disorders
4. ___-positive post-natal infections assoc. with SNHL
5. ___ trauma
6. ___ |
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Definition
| SN; hearing loss; Neurodegenerative; Culture; Head; Chemotherapy |
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Term
Screening in Well-Baby Nursery:
-Must use ___ measures to screen newborns & infants
-May use ___ or ___
-AABR = ___ ___ ___ ___ test
-AABR uses ___ stimuli to screen at ___ dB nHL |
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Definition
| physiologic; OAE and/or AABR; automated auditory brainstem response; click; 35 |
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Term
NICU Screening:
-Must use ___ measures to screen newborns & infants
-Recommends ___ ABR
-AABR = automated auditory brainstem response test
-AABR uses click stimuli to screen at 35 dB nHL |
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Definition
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Term
Combination Screening:
-Some use combination of OAE & AABR - to ___ the refer/fail rate
-OAE testing alone will NOT detect ___ conduction disorders or ___ ___ (without concomitant sensory dysfunction) |
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Definition
| decrease; neural; auditory neuropathy |
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Term
Current Guidelines for Newborn & Infant Hearing Screening:
-Use ___ systems to avoid interpreter bias & allow non-audiologists to conduct screenings
-Use OAE and/or ABR in _____ nurseries (both can ID sensory/cochlear hearing loss)
-Use ___ for babies in the NICU (due to higher incidence of neural hearing loss)
-Avoid ___ testing
-If 1st screen ABR, then OAE cannot be used as 2nd screen to pass baby (because OAE pass & ABR fail could mean ___ hearing loss) |
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Definition
| automated; well-baby; ABR; repeated; neural |
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Term
Pathological Factors that Influence NBHS Outcomes:
-Middle ear disorder, often results in ___ OAEs, can be present in ears with ___ (if normal middle ear function)
-EAC disorder, OE or stenosis can affect ___ placement
-Cochlear disorder
*OHC: ___ or ___ OAE
*IHC: OAE ___ affected by IHC dysfunction
-Neural dysfunction, OAEs are ___ influenced |
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Definition
| absent; tubes; probe; abnormal; absent; not; not |
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Term
Non-Pathological Factors that Influence NBHS Outcomes:
-Time after birth, refer rates are highest in 1st ___ hrs
-Time of bath, lower refer rates if time between bath & screening is at least __ hrs
-Age, OAE amplitude is highest at term birth (___ weeks gestational age), pre-mature babies have ___ amplitude, from term-birth through childhood, amplitude ___
-Gender: TEOAEs larger in ___, no gender effect with DPOAEs
-Test protocol: refer rates are lowest for freqs. > __kHz, refer rates are lower for ____ than ___ |
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Definition
| 24; 7; 40; decreased; decreases; females; 2; DPOAEs; TEOAEs |
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Term
Non-Pathological Factors that Influence NBHS Outcomes:
-Noise: decrease ambient noise in the EAC, if do not will mostly effect frequencies <___ Hz
-Probe placement: ___ & ___ affect stimulus intensity & noise in EAC
-Ear canal status: ___ or ___ can impact stimulus presentation, ___ are not affected by ear canal acoustics, ___ are (freqs > 5000 Hz)
-Experience of tester, refer rates decrease as experience of
tester increases
-Instrumentation, refer rates can differ, refer rates are typically lower for DPOAEs than TEOAEs |
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Definition
| 1500; depth; quality; wax; debris; TEOAEs; DPOAEs |
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