Term
| Most common type of lever in the human body |
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Definition
| Type 3. Two forces are applied on one side of an axis. the effort force lies closer to the axis than the resistance force. |
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Term
| Elbow open and closed pack positions |
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Definition
Humeroulnar open: 70 flex, 10 sup
Humeroulnar closed: full ext and sup
Humeroradial open: full ext and sup
humeroradial closed: 90 flex and 5 sup |
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Term
| thoracic spine capsular pattern |
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Definition
| limitation of side bending and rotation > loss of extension > flexion |
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Term
| Manual Grading of Accessory Joint Motion, grading scale |
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Definition
0 ankylosed
1 considerable hypomobility
2 slight hypomobility
3 normal
4 slight hypermobility
5 considerable hypermobility
6 unstable |
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Term
| attachments of the shoulder GH capsule |
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Definition
medially to glenoid margin, glenoid labrum, coracoid process
laterally to humeral anatomical neck and descends approximately 1 cm on shaft |
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Term
| elbow flexion/forearm supination: muscle(s) involved, myotome, reflex, cord segment, nerve |
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Definition
biceps
myotome c6
reflex c5
cord segment c5-c6
nerve musculocutaneous |
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Term
| primary function of coracohumeral ligament |
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Definition
| reinfoce biceps tendon, reinforce superior capsule, prevent caudal dislocation of humerus. taut with ER |
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Term
| 6 components of full GH elevation |
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Definition
scapular stabilization
inferior glide of humerus
ER of humerus
rotation of the clavicle at sternoclavicular joint
scpaular abduction and lateral rotation of AC jt
straightening of thoracic kyphosis |
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Term
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Definition
| brachial artery, anterior ulnar recurrent artery, posterior ulnar recurrent artery, radial recurrent artery, middle collateral branch of the deep brachial artery |
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Term
| shape of proximal aspect of proximal row of carpals |
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of volar plate on digits |
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Definition
| increase articular surface during extension and protect joint volarly |
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Term
| hip angle of inclination normal/abnormal values. antetorsion normal/abnormal values |
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Definition
| inclinaiton 115-125 normally, coxa valga 125, coxa vara 115. normal antetorsion 10-15 degrees. anteversion >25-30 degrees. retroversion <10. |
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Term
| foot inversion muscle, myotome, reflex, cord segment, nerve |
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Definition
| tibialis posterior, S1, S1, L5-S2, tibial |
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Term
| which tibial condyle is less mobile? why? |
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Definition
| medial due to its large surface area and increased stability |
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Term
| structures attached to lateral meniscus |
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Definition
| popliteus muscle, lateral meniscopatellar liagment, meniscofemoral ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| descending branch from lateral circfumflex femoral branch fo the deep femoral artery. Genicular branches of popliteal artery, recurrent branches of anterior tibial artery |
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Term
| shape of posterior subtalar (posterior talocalcaneal joint) |
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Definition
posterior superior articulation is convex in a/p direction
concave in medial/lateral direction |
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Term
| shape relationship of talonavicular joint |
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Definition
| biconvex head of talus articulates with biconcavity, formed by posterior navicular surfaces and upper edge of plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
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Term
| what is the windlass mechanism |
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Definition
| plantar fascia tightens with DF of MTP jts as occurs during push off. Tightening of this fascia causes supination of calcaneus and inversion of subtalar jt, creating a rigid lever |
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Term
| location and purpose of uncinate (joint of von luschka) joints |
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Definition
| C3-C7. limit lateral cervical movement |
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Term
| type of connective tissue present in annulus fibrosis |
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Definition
| type II collagen and fibrocartilage. 65% water |
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Term
| brachial plexus nerves receiving innervation from C7 |
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Definition
| radial nerve, median nerve |
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Term
| coupled motions of the spine |
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Definition
SB/rot opposite C1
SB/rot same direction C2-C7
SB/ROT opposite Thoracic and Lumbar spine , unless flexion, then it is the same |
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Term
| nutation vs counter nutation |
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Definition
nutation, flexino of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium
counter nutation extension of sacrum and anterior rotation of ilium |
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Term
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Definition
T1 shows fat, typically used to assess bony anatomy
T2 demonstrates tissues with high water content, used to assess soft tissue structures |
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Term
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Definition
tests integrity of transverse ligament, may also ID bicep tendonopathy
Pt starts with shoulder in neutral, arm at side, elbow at 90, forearm pronated. PT resists supination of forearm and ER of shoulder. Tendon may pop out, pain reproduction in long head of biceps tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| arm straight ahead, PT resists shoulder flexion. ID's bicep tendonopathy |
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Term
| What is the elbow flexion test |
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Definition
assesses for cubital tunnel syndrome
pt supine. Performed bilaterally with the shoulder in full ER and the elbow actively held in maximal flexion with wrist extension for one minute. Positive if pain is present at the medial aspect of the elbow and numbness and tingling in the ulnar distribution on the involved side |
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Term
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Definition
ID's tightness in structures surround MCP jts
Stabilize MCP jt into slight ext, flex PIP. Then flex MCP jt and PIP. Note difference in mvmt. If flexion is limited in both cases indicates capsular tightness. If flexion limited with MCP flexion the intrinsic m are tight |
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Term
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Definition
| IDs reticular tightness around PIP. Stabilize PIP in neutral, flex DIP, then flex PIP and DIP. If flexion limited in both cases, capsule is tight. If flexion more limited with PIP flexion, retinacular ligaments are tight |
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Term
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Definition
| Compression of radial and then ulnar aa to identify vascular insufficiency in the hand. Pt rapidly opens and closes hand and then makes a tight fist, compress 1 aa and then have pt release fist. Observe refill time. Repeat with other aa. |
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Term
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Definition
ID's abnormal femoral antetorsion angle
Pt prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, IR/ER hip until greater trochanter feels most lateral. Measure angle of leg relative to table. 8-15 IR is normal. Less than 8 indicates retroverted hip. Greater than 15 indicates anteverted hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentiates between meniscal tears and ligamentous lesions. Pt prone with testing knee flexed to 90. Stabilize pt's thigh with PT knee. Passively distract the knee jt then slowly IR and ER. Apply a compressive load to knee jt and IR/ER jt. Pain or decreased motion during compression indicates meniscal dysfunction. If pain with distraction or increased motion with distraction indicates ligamentous dysfunction |
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