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NYS geography
final exam review
29
Geography
Undergraduate 2
12/07/2012

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
know all terms
Definition
different set
Term
What is the dominant form of vegetation in NYS?
Definition
Forests
Term
What factor created the greatest need for reforestation Law?
Definition
Abandoned farmland
Term
What was the main objective of the 1929 State Reforestation Law?
Definition
Retire farmland permanently & reforest to provide a range of resources from timber to public recreation
Term

Identify the organization of young men who executed a major reforestation initiative in the 1930s?

 

Definition

Civilian Conservation 

Corps 

Term
Identify the soil properties that affect fertility in NYS?
Definition
Acidity, texture, drainage & depth
Term
What is the greatest water pollutant?
Definition

Sediment (due to erosion)

           by volume & mass (NOT toxicity)
the greatest water pollutant

           chokes waterways

           depletes soils

           destroys habitat

Term

 

What types of conditions occur naturally that affect water quality?

Definition

swamps, marshes & peat bogs (often tastes, smells & looks poor) & algae, sulfur & salt

 
Term
Know the difference between consumptive use of resource and non-consumptive use.
Definition

Consumptive –reduces supply(agricultural)

Non-consumptive – does not reduce supply (navigation & recreation) 

(industries both)

 
Term
What NYS environmental program provided a model for Congress to follow for the Clean Water Act?
Definition
Pure Waters Program
Term
Know the negative impacts of air pollution.
Definition

1. Higher mortality rates in industrialized areas

2. Respiratory ailments

3. Ozone damage

4. Wet & dry pollutant deposition

 
Term

Know the three approaches to pollution control.

 

Definition

1. Treatment at the source (before leaving the smokestack) e.g. electrostatic precipitators & scrubbers

 

2. Use technologies that have lowest possible emission rates

 

3. Legislation – Clean Air Act, its Amendments & updates

 
Term

Who is the primary regulatory authority for enforcing the Clean Water Act and Clean Air Act in NYS?

 

Definition
NYSDEC  (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation)
Term

At what stage in Native American Settlement did agricultural land-use and village life first take place?

 

Definition
Woodland Stage(1000 bc - European Occupation)
Term
 Identify the purpose of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy?
Definition
keep peace among themselves & protect each other
Term

What was the end result of European influences on Native Americans?

 

Definition
Self-sufficiency of the Iroquois disappeared
Term
What elements today reflect the legacy of Iroquois occupation in NYS?
Definition

•toponyms

•agricultural produce (e.g. maize)

•trade routes (natural route for 

   early roads)

•Great Law – supported free speech, religious liberty, right to bears arms, security of person & property

 
Term

In what two areas was Dutch settlement in NYS concentrated?

 

 

Definition

a.  Hudson Valley (agricultural area)

b.  New Amsterdam (commerce & trade)

Term

Identify the general type and purpose of NYS’s first “industries” (in the Post-Colonial period.)

 

 
Definition
Boats and Railroads for transportation of goods
Term
What advantage did Buffalo have with regards to railroad transportation?
Definition

Buffalo was the ONLY city with Midwest access

 
Term
What effect did the turnpike system have on settlement patterns?
Definition
Settlement moved away from waterways
Term
In what ways did the Erie Canal impact the City of Buffalo’s economy?
Definition

the western terminus, became a major urban center

transshipment point; canal boat freight transferred to  lake boats

stimulated support industries (e.g. shipbuilding, warehouse & storage

 
Term

In what ways did the Erie Canal impact New York City?

 

 

 

Definition
NYC became THE city of east  coast due to Midwest access
Term

How did the Erie Canal affect freight charges on the railroads?

 

 
Definition
regulated RR freight charges which were very high in the winter
Term

What was the first railroad in NYS?

 

Definition
Hudson & Mohawk (1831)
Term

What form of transportation was the key to a real specialization of agriculture in NYS?

 

Definition
Railroads
Term
 In the late 1800s, what was the preferred method of transporting heavy, low value, bulky freight?
Definition
The Erie Canal
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