Term
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Definition
| used to reduce number and severity of seizures with epilepsy |
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Term
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Definition
recurrent paroxysmal disorder of brain function
sudden attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory impairment |
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Term
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Definition
Generalized seizures: bilaterally symmetrical without local onset
Partial seizures: complex symptomatology, temporal lobe or psychomotor
Unclassified: insufficient data to classify |
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Term
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Definition
Grand Mal/ Tonic-clonic
absence |
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Term
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Definition
loss of consciousness, falling generalized tonic, followed by clonic contraction
2-5 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
continuous tonic/clonic seizures
IV diazepam, IV phenytoin |
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Term
Absence epilepsy
Petit Mal |
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Definition
absence of convulsions
ethosuximide/Zarontin if ineffective clonazepam/Klonopin and Valproic acid/Depakane |
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Term
| Absence drug side effects |
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Definition
sedation, dizziness, irritability
GI
Caution: hepatic, renal, preg/lac, pancreatitis (valproate) |
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Term
| Psychomotor epilepsy aka temporal lobe seizures |
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Definition
aka partial seizures with complex symptomology
lesion in left lobe of brain
complex symptoms: confusion, staggering, purposeless movements, bizarre behavior, unintelligible sounds
no convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
prophylactic treatment for Grand Mal and Psychomotor
combined with phenobarbital or valproic acid |
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Term
| phenytoin/Dilantin side effects |
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Definition
sedation, ataxia, dizziness, ha
blurred vision, nystagmus, diplopia
gingivitis
GI anorexia, constip, diarr |
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Term
| phenytoin/Dilantin contraindications and cautions |
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Definition
kidney, liver
diabetes
CHF, bradycardia, heart block, hypotension
preg/lac
hematological dis
abrupt disc. |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes used for partial, generalized or mixed seizures |
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Term
| carbamazepine/Tegretol side effects |
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Definition
cardiac, hematological, kidney, liver, complications
grapefruit juice potentiates actions, serious side effects |
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Term
| new formulations anticonvulsants |
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Definition
| Tegretol XR, Diastat, fosphenytoin/Cerebyx - IM, IV, valproate/Depacon - IV, Depakote ER |
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Term
| 2nd generation anticonvulsants |
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Definition
gabapentin/Neurontin
lamotrigine/Lamictal
topiramate/Topamax
\adjuvant treatment of partial psychomotor seizures, no lab monitoring, fewer cognitive effects
slow titration\
not in preg |
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Term
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Definition
psychomotor, partial or mixed seizures
first generation |
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Term
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Definition
absence seizures
first generation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
first generation
grand mal, psychomotor, focal |
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Term
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Definition
absence seizures
first generation |
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Term
| valproic acid/Depakene, Depakote, Depacon |
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Definition
first generation
absence, partial, tonic-clonic |
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Term
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Definition
partial seizures, minimal drug interactions, decrease with renal dysfunc
second generation |
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Term
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Definition
second generation
partial seizures, monitor liver function |
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Term
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Definition
partial seizures, may effect cognitive function
second generation |
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Term
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Definition
chronic neurological disorder, fine, slowly spreading tremors, rigidity, weakness of muscles, shuffling
advanced: dementia, confusion, psychosis, sleep disturb, declining cognitive function |
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Term
| Levadopa and Carbidopa/Sinemet |
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Definition
crosses blood-brain barrier, increases therapeutic effect of dopamine
long term, over 70, dementia |
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Term
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Definition
dyskinesias
NV anorexia
behavioral, anxiety, agitation, confusionn, depression, psychosis
hypotension dizziness, syncope |
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Term
| Levadopa and Carbidopa/Sinemet contraindications |
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Definition
abrupt discontinuance
bronchial asthma or emphysema
cardiac or hypotension
peptic ulcer
diabetes, renal, hepatic
glaucoma
psychoses
preg, pp, lac |
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Term
| Levadopa and Carbidopa/Sinemet interactions |
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Definition
antihypertensives potentiate hypotension
phenytoin antagonizes levodopa
iron salts
high protein reduce absorp
MAOI's hypertensive crisis |
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Term
| selegilene, entacapone, dopamine agonist |
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Definition
| help when tolerance to Sinemet as well as changing dosage time, controlled releawse |
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Term
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Definition
used with levodopa to delay motor complications
bromocriptine/Parlodel, not used alone, many side effects
pramipexole/Mirapex
ropinirole/Requip
antiparkinsonian |
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Term
| pramipexole/Mirapex and ropinirole/Requip |
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Definition
initial monotherapy less than 70 yo
greater specificity for dopamine receptors
neuroprotective, less dyskinesia
antiparkinsonian |
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Term
| dopamine agonist side effects |
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Definition
psychosis, hallucinations, confusion, somnolence
hypotension, syncope
N & V |
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Term
| dopamine agonist contraindications |
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Definition
antidopamine agents: antipsychotics, phenothiazines, metoclopramide decrease efficiency
hypnotic and sedative can potentiate somnolence |
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Term
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Definition
MAO type B inhibitor
used with levodopa when wearing off, levodopa dosage decreased 10-20%
not given alone
antiparkinsonian |
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Term
| selegiline/Eldepryl contraindications |
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Definition
ok with food at 10mg divided dosages
CNS toxicity: meperidine/Demerol, tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI's, sympathomimetics, epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol
abrupt discontinuation
antiparkinsonian |
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Term
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Definition
treat Parkinsonism extrapyraminal reactions due to use of phenothiazines, carbon minoxide poisoning, cerebral arteriosclerosis in older
antiparkinsonian
viral upper respiratory\
drug induced parkinsonism |
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Term
| amantadine/Symmetrel side effects |
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Definition
CNS disturb: depression, confusion, hallucinations, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, dizziness
Congestive heart failure, edema, hypotension
GI distress, constipation, urinary retention |
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Term
| amantadine/Symmetrel contraindications |
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Definition
liver, kidney, cardiac
psychosis, neurosis, mental depression
epilepsy
antiparkinsonian
CNS drugs |
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Term
| COMT inhibitors/catechol-O-methyl-transferase |
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Definition
entacapone/Comtan
block enzyme that metabolizes levodopa, enhances amount of levodopa across barrier
lower dose
increases on time of levodopa, decreases off time
antiparkinsonian |
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Term
| entacapone/Comtan (COMT inhibitor) side effects |
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Definition
No nonselective MAOI's, phenelzine or tranylcypromine, selective (selegiline)ok
orthostatic hypotension
hallucinaqtions
dyskinesia
diarrhea
orange urine |
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Term
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Definition
devastating progressive decline in cognitive function, gradual onset between 60-90 yo
severe impairment of social and occupational functioning |
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Term
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Definition
Alzheimers
prevent breakdown of acetylcholine in synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
1st approved drug for Alzheimer's
hepatotoxicity, frequent dosing schedule |
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Term
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Definition
with or without food
cholinase inhibitor/Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
Cholinase inhibitor/Alzheimers
increase to 3-6 mg bid |
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Term
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Definition
cholinase inhibitor
monitor serum transaminase levels |
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Term
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Definition
caution renal/hepatic
cholinase inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist
monotherapy or combo with donepezil/Aricept
CNS side effects, esp agitation |
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Term
NMDA receptor agonist
N-methyl-D-aspartate |
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Definition
moderate to severe dementia
selectively block excitotoxic effects with abnormal transmission of glutamate/allows with normal function
used with donepezil/Aricept
also earlier stages of Alzheimers |
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Term
| NMDA/N-methyl-D-aspartate side effects |
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Definition
CNS, dose dependent
confusion, cerebrovascular disorder, falls and agitation
dizziness, headache, constipation |
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Term
| NMDA/N-methyl-D-aspartate contraindications |
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Definition
preg/lac, children, renal disease
interacts with NMDA antagonists:amantadine, ketamine, dextromethorphan |
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