Term
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Definition
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Term
| adipose tissue is a type of |
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Definition
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Term
| adipose tissue is made of and originates from |
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Definition
adipocytes
embyonic mesechyme |
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Term
| adipose tissue is __________ of heat and is __________ |
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Definition
poor conductor of heat
highly vascularized and innvervated |
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Term
| where is adipose tissue found |
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Definition
| CT proper as indiviudal cells or small cell groups |
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Term
| general functions of adipose tissue |
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Definition
1. store fat (white)
2. produce hormones eg. Leptin (white)
3. thermal insulation of body (W + B)
4. act as a filler tissue to keep organs in place (white)
5. surface abrasion to act as cushion (white)
6. Heat (brown) |
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Term
| white adipose tissue is ______. contains ______. and _________. looks like |
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Definition
more common, predominant in adults
cells contain 1 large droplet of lipid in cytoplasm
the lipid droplet is so large the nucleus gets squished to the outer edges of the cell
chicken wire |
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Term
| brown adipose tissue is found __________. carry______________. have numerous ___________. |
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Definition
very little in adults
carry numerous small lipid droplets in the cytoplasm
also have numerous small mitochondria scattered within the cytoplasm |
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Term
| differentiation of adipocytes |
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Definition
1. mesechymal stem cell
2. early lipoblast -----> brown adipose
or -----> midstage lipobalst to late lipoblast to mautrue lipoblast (white adipose) |
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Term
| adipose cells look like big empty cells because |
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Definition
the lipid inside cells get dissovled away
if the cells are stained black= stain used with osmic acid to stain the lipid |
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Term
| Where is white adipose found |
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Definition
| belly, hypodermis as insulation, surrounds mnay organds. palm, sole, thighs, butt, mammary glands |
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Term
| _________ fat produces ______ to help babies |
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Definition
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Term
| unilocar vs. multilocar fat |
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Definition
| white (1 lipid droplet) vs. brown (mutliple lipid droplets) |
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Term
| males have more ______ fat than females |
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Definition
| brown fat, especially in neck |
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Term
| adipose makes up what % of body weight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| adipose tissue has very little _________. |
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Definition
ground substance or cells (fibers)
of fibers there- reticular (collagen type 3) |
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Term
| what cell makes the adiposcytes |
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Definition
| lipoblasts from the embyonic mesenchyme |
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Term
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Definition
uncoupling protein
changes process in mitochondrion from producing ATP to just producing heat (which is why so many mitochondria)(ATP is never formed) |
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Term
| brown adipose forms rapidly during |
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Definition
| the 8th and 9th month of gestation |
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Term
| adipose tissue organelles |
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Definition
less RER
less Ribo
less mito
Less everything else
what is there will surround nucleus |
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Term
| when does white adipose proliferate during life |
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Definition
first 10 years
If your obease as a child, you gain more adipose which gain more lipid and grow larger over time = obease as an adult |
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Term
| depressions on white addipose PM |
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Definition
| caveolae- take in more lipid drops and smooth out surface |
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Term
| functions of white adipose (4!) |
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Definition
1. energy storage - tryglycerides
2. insulation - hypodermis, abdomen, thigh
3. cushioning vital organs- filler tissue to keep organs in place (around eyeballs, around kidneys, adrenal glands, visceral pericardium)
4. secretion of hormones - Leptin, angiotensinogen |
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Term
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Definition
satiating factor- sends out signal that your tummy is full
if you don't produce enough leptin= obesidty |
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Term
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Definition
regulates blood pressure
if not regulated= increase in BP leading to hypertension |
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Term
| how many liters of blood in average human body and how does it travel |
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Definition
6L done by pumping of heart
heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries (plexus around tissue supplying) to venules to veins to heart |
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Term
| matrix and cells of blood. what percentage of each |
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Definition
matrix = plasma
cells= RBC, WBC, Platelets
55% plasma, 45% cells (44% RBC, 1% WBC and platelets) |
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Term
| in lungs and arteries, oxygen content is |
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Definition
| high. low in capillaries and veins |
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Term
| proteins in plasma of blood |
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Definition
albumin
globulin
fibrinogen |
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Term
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Definition
proteins (3)
non-protein (4) |
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Term
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Definition
most common, high concentration
*binds to water very easily to increase solubility of blood to take nutrients to different things
*made by the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| gamma globulin aka immunoglobulin aka antibodies is made by plasma cells |
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Term
| plasma cells is just another name for |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha or beta globulin example |
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Definition
| transferin to bind Fe to use to stablize heme in hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| globulin protein that turns into thrombin (enzymatic properties that works with fibringogen) |
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Term
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Definition
largest protein
produced by liver
clotting factor (convert fibrinogen to fibrin done by thrombin) |
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Term
| non-protein components of plasma |
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Definition
1. electrolytes
2. glucose
3. HDL and LDL
4. vitamins and trace minerals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
high density lipoprotein - alpha globulin attached
low density lipoprotein - beta globulin
*both produced by liver, high or low depends on what protein is attached to the lipid |
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Term
| vitamins and trace minerals |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sodium, potasium, magnesium, HCO3- and PO4-3
*see her notes for functions of each |
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Term
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Definition
eosinophils- red color
basophil- blue color
neutrophil- grayish color
*all have granules |
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Term
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Definition
* does not have granules
lymphocyte (B or T lyphocytes)
monocyte (becomes macrophage) |
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Term
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Definition
| little small chucks of cells, look whtie is SEM. adhere to fibrin to help make centers to make network for blood clots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What creates leakiness of blood vessels when injury |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of total blood do RBC's make up |
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Definition
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Term
| What do all WBC's have on their surface |
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Definition
| surface receptors for endothelial cell |
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Term
| Neutrophil characteristics |
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Definition
1. 3-5 lobed nucleus (only one to have this)
2. stay in blood vessels until get signal to go out
3. granules have lytic enzymes
4. kills and phagocytoses bacteria |
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Term
| what is another way to say multi-lobed nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| How do RBC's look on blood smear |
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Definition
| pink around outside, white in middle because of biconcave shape |
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Term
| What is anemmia and its symptoms |
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Definition
lower than normal level of healthy RBC's (although number of cells may appear normal)
*tissues unable to get enough oxygen which causes:
1. lenthary
2. fatique
3. shortness of breath
4. heart palpations |
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Term
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Definition
1. blood loss anemia ex: heavy period/menstration or birth
2. hereditary (genetic) eg. sickle cell anemia
3. defciency anemia eg. iron defciency |
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Term
| how long do neutrophils live |
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Definition
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Term
| granules are ______ in neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| eosinophils characteristics |
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Definition
1. bilobed nucleus
2.enters tissue after 12 hrs. from their creation and spend their lives their
3. Attack parasites! (helminths infections)
due to hydrolytic enzymes in their granules |
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Term
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Definition
1. bilobed nucleus/S-shaped GRANULES HIDE IT
2. regulate inflammation by releasing histamine |
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Term
| what is another cell that releases histamine during inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| eosinohpils secrete _______ to work against basophil |
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Definition
| histaminase to destroy histamine secreted by basophil |
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Term
| Where do RBC's get protein needed to finish maturing (what protein) |
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Definition
| take iron from transferin (globular protein) |
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Term
Matrix
Fibers of blood cells
Ground substance |
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Definition
matrix= plasma
fiber= fibrinogen
ground substance= serum |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma without fibrin in it |
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Term
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Definition
| an active living cell- they are cell fragments |
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Term
| What is the size of all granulocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ filters out old/unhealthy RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. biconcave shape
2. no organelles
3. carry hemoglobin
4. lack nucleus
5 life span= 120 days |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of RBC to total amount of blood |
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Term
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Definition
red bone marrow (hematopoesis)
*takes 7 days to generate RBC |
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Term
| life span of each granulocytes |
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Definition
neutrophil= 1-4 days
eosinohphil= 1-4 weeks
basophils= several weeks |
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Term
| Lymphocytes characteristics |
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Definition
1. large nucleus,
2. cells slightly bigger than RBCs, but smaller than most WBC
3. two types: B and T (look the same in blood smear) |
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Term
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Definition
1. largest WBCs
2. nucleus is C-shaped, bilobed looking
3. precursor to macrophage
4. job is in immune defense and tissue repair |
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Term
| where do monocytes mature into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| plasma cell is also called |
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Definition
| B lymphocytes- secrete immungoglobulins |
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Term
| B lyphocytes learn what antibody to make in |
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Definition
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphoid tissue |
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Term
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Definition
1. attacking cells (secrete Ig)
2. memory cells- remember infections we already had |
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Term
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Definition
T attacking cells- eliminate antigens by bidning to them
T helper cells- help T cells bind to antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| break off into fragments (no nulecus) that become platelets (live 8-9 days) |
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Term
| another name for platelets |
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Definition
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Term
| why are platelets important |
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Definition
| produce plug to fill holes in a blood vessel, undeath the plug, fibrilogen will begin to form= clot |
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Term
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Definition
unilocular adipose
each cell= unilocular addipocyte
blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
unilocular adipose
cross sections of cappilarries |
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Definition
| brown/multilocular adipose |
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Term
| most blood plasma proteins are produced by which organ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell is bi-lobed and acts like a mast cell |
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Definition
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Term
| which cell does not mature in the bone marrow |
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Definition
| T lymphocyte goes to thymus |
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