Term
| Foods that increase fiber in diet |
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Definition
| Vegetables, Fruits, Whole grains, Legumes |
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Term
| Atleast 2 healh effects of too much fiber |
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Definition
| Prevents Nutrient absorption, dehydration, and blockage |
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Term
| Most people need between_____grams of fiber. |
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Definition
ADA 20-35
DRI 14-15
Combined 14-35 |
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Term
| Average size person needs_____ of carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammals store glucose as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dietary fiber can control what health conditions? |
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Definition
| Digestive Tract Cancer and Inflammation |
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Term
| Dietary fiber benefits G.I. tract by: |
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Definition
| Stimulating tract muscles so that they keep their strength and resist "Diverticula" |
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Term
| DRI recommends___% of daily carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 functions of Glucose in the body: |
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Definition
Energy (Daily)
Quick energy (stored energy)
? |
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Term
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Definition
Tough fibrous structures of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Indigestible. Does'nt dissolve in water.
Strings of celery, hulls of seeds, skins of corn kernels. |
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Term
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Definition
Readily dissolves in water becoming gummy or gel like.
Pectin in fruit used in jellies. |
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Term
| Basic needs of all cells: |
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Definition
Energy and Oxygen: to operate.
Water: to maintain its cellular enviroment.
Nutrients.
Building blocks and control systems. |
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Term
| Levels of the body's organization: |
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Definition
| Cells = tissues = whole organs = body system |
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Term
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Definition
DNA: Hereditary material.
Genes: Cells characteristics and daily workings. |
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Term
| Body's circulating fluids: |
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Definition
Blood: Plasma, extracellular fluid (from the blood, exchanges materials)
intracellular fluid (where all cell actions take place)
Lymph: Fluid outside the capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
Organsbreakdown complex food particles into smaller, absorbable products.
Breaks down molecules into smaller molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hairlike projections that can trap nutrients to be absorbed into their capillary and lymph vessels. |
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Term
| Functions of the kidneys: |
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Definition
| Filters wastes from blood. Forms urine. |
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Term
| Irritable bowel syndrome: |
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Definition
Disturbance of bowel function.
Diarrhea or alternating diarrhea and constipation with cramping or bloating.
Treated with diet, physical activity, relief from psychological stress. |
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Term
Treatment:
G.E.R.D. / Extreme heartburn: |
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Definition
Drug therapy, surgery.
Smaller meals, reduce body fat, drink liquids an hour before or after meals, relax, wear loose clothes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water, fiber, physical activity, light laxatives. |
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Term
| Organ that processes alcohol: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sobriety only comes with: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
W/chlorophyll:
H20 is absorbed through roots and donates hydrogen and oxygen.
CO2 absorbed in leaves and donates carbon and oxygen.
H2O and CO2 combine to yield glucose. |
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Term
| Animal-derived carbohydrate: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Starch: Plants
Glycogen: Meat
Fiber: Plants |
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Term
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Definition
Lactose: Galactose: Milk sugar
Maltose: Glucose: Germinating seeds, only arrises during digestion of starch in humans.
Sucrose: Glucose+Fructose: Sugar beets, sugar cane, vegetables, fruits. |
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Term
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Definition
Glucose: Plants
Fructose: Fruits, honey, table sugar
Galactose: Milk |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical: Manufactures enzymes to digest energy yielding nutrients.
Chemical: Enzymes digest nutrients. Releases biCarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestines. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical: manufactures bile: facilitates digestion of fats.
Chemical: Bile : emulsifies fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical: Mashing, squeezing, enzymes, fluid: Adds bile (emulsifier), pancreatic juice, alkaline bicarbonate, enzymes break apart chemical bonds that hold nutrients together. |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical: adds acid, enzymes, and fluid, churns, mixes, grinds: mucus covers lining of stomach for protection.
Chemical: HCl, intrinsic factor, mucus: I.F. needed for B12 absorption, Pepsin stretches out protein for digestion and absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical: Saliva: moistens bolus and helps w/swallowing.
Chemical: Salivary amylase: Begins starch breakdown, starch (amylase)maltose. |
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Term
Two forms of digestion:
Mechanical: |
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Definition
| Chewing, saliva, tongue, stomach and intestines liquefy by mashing and squeezing (perstalsis), sphincters, small intestines is where absorption occurs. |
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Term
Two forms of digestion:
Chemical: |
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Definition
| Salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestines produce digestive juice (enzymes. Mouth-saliva, stomach-gastric juice, pH, HCl, mucus, intestines-pancreatic juice, bile (emulsifier, biCarbonate |
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts of the enzyme lactase. |
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Term
| Characteristics of Lactose Intolerance: |
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Definition
Persistent painful gas, nausea, pain, diarrhea.
Undigested lactose demands dillution with fluid from surrounding tissue and the blood stream. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ranking of foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose relative to a standard such as glucose or white bread. |
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Term
Glycemic Index:
How foods may affect blood glucose levels: |
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Definition
| Modest benefits may come from eating foods low on the scale, towards fructose. |
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Term
| Two forms of Hypoglycemia: |
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Definition
| Postprandial: "low blood glucose after a meal". Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, irratability, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, sweating, trembling, hunger, headaches. |
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Term
| Two forms of Hypoglycemia: |
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Definition
| Fasting Hypoglycemia: Symptoms while fasting (sleeping). HEadache, mental dullness, fatigue, confusion, amnesia, seizures, unconsciousness. From cancer, pancreatic damage, uncontrolled diabetes, hepatitis. |
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Term
Controversy 4:
Carbohydrate causes diabetes: |
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Definition
False: Fatness causes diabetes.
Exception: Certain Naitive American groups and women who drink one or more sugar sweetened drinks per day. |
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Term
Controversy 4:
Carbohydrates are making us fat: |
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Definition
False: Countries who have traditionally high-carbohydrate diets tend to stay lean and healthy.
These countries who have adopted high-fat, high-protein, high-calorie foods are seeing a raise in obesity and chronic diseases. |
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Term
| Large intestine during absorption: |
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Definition
| Reabsorbs water and some minerals. BActeria partly breaksdown undigested carbohydrates. Also digests some fiber. Most fiber is excreted along with some fatty materials, undigested protein. |
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Term
Role of the Pancreas:
Endocrine: |
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Definition
| Makes hormones like insulin and releases it into the blood. |
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Term
Role of the Pancreas:
Exocrine: |
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Definition
| Makes digestive enzymes, releases it into small intestines to assist in digestion. |
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Term
| When blood glucose rises: |
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Definition
| The pancrea releases insulin, signals body tissue to take up surplus glucose, muscle and adipose tissue also takes up some of this excess glucose to build polysaccharide glycogen or convert it to fat. Liver also turns it into glycogen. |
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Term
When blood glucose drops:
Hypoglycemia: |
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Definition
| Hormone glucagon floods the blood stream and triggers the breakdown of liver glycogen to free glucose. Epinephrine breaks down glycogen. |
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Term
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Definition
5-10% of cases.
Common in childhood.
Leading cause of chronic disease among children.
Autoimmune disorder influenced by genetics.
AD attacks pancreas, it can no longer produce insulin.
Glucose concentration builds up but body is still starving for glucose.
Must receive insulin (shots or pumped into blood) |
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Term
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Definition
90-95% of cases.
Muscles and adipose tissue no longer responds to insulin.
Blood glucose rises and so does insulin.
Pancreas quits and blood glucose spins out of control.
Obesity, middle age,lack of physical activity, genetics.
Prevent with nutrious diet and healthy lifestyle. |
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