Term
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Infants and Children
weight for age:
what is "<5th percentile" considered? |
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Definition
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Term
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Infants and Children
height for age
what is the "5th percentile" considered? |
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Definition
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Term
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Infants and Children
BMI for age:
what is the "5th" and "95th" percentile? |
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Definition
5th: underweight
95th: overweight |
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Term
| What is the BMI for age used for? |
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Definition
It is a screening tool only
An indirect measure of body fatness
It does not take in muscle mass, which can add weight |
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Term
| At what age is the head circumference no longer used for? |
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Definition
| It is not used for children over 3 years |
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Term
Adolescent Growth Spur
What age do boys begin?
How much do they gain in height and weight? |
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Definition
Boys:
12-13 years
Gain about 8 inches in height, 45 pounds in weight
**boys have higher weight gain because of the muscle mass* |
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Term
Adolescent Growth Spur
What age do girls begin?
How much do they gain in height and weight? |
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Definition
Girls
Begin between 10-11 years
Gain about 6 inches in height, 35 pounds in weight |
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Term
| What other changes take place in adolescent growth spurs? |
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Definition
| Changes in body composition and in emotional maturity |
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Term
| What happens to the weight and body composition as you age? |
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Definition
| You add fat and lose lean body mass |
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Term
| what happens to your mobility as you age? |
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Definition
| you have reduced muscle and skeletal strength |
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Term
| what happens to your immunity as you age? |
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Definition
| You have a decline in defense mechanism |
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Term
| What happens to your taste and smell as you age? |
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Definition
| You have a decline in ability to taste and smell |
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Term
| What happens to your gastrointestinal changes as you age? |
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Definition
| there is reduced acid secretion and reduced motility |
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Term
| Overweight children are _______________ to be overweight adults. |
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Definition
overweight children are more like to be overweight adults
Successfully PREVENTING or treating overweight in childhood may reduce the risk of an overweight adult |
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Term
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Definition
sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass.
nutrition and exercise play a role in maintaining muscle mass |
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Term
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Definition
Dysphagia is defined as difficulties in swallowing and can result in nutritional deficiencies
(happens often after a stroke) |
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Term
| what happens to a urinary infection if it goes untreated? |
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Definition
| it becomes a whole body infection |
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Term
| How much do the energy needs of older adults decrease by? |
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Definition
| Energy needs decrease by 5% per decade. |
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Term
| Why might urinary tract infections increase as we age? |
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Definition
| They increase due to a low intake of fluids |
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Term
| What do pain medications do to the GI and what does this cause? |
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Definition
| They slow down the GI tract which can lead to constipation |
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Term
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Definition
It is a type of arthritis, when uric acid deposits in the joints
There are increased uric acid levels when meat and seafood are consumed |
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Term
| What lowers uric acid levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the recommended weight gain for women in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester? |
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Definition
1st trimester: .25 lb /week (3 lbs)
2nd trimester: 1 lb/ week (12-14 lbs)
3rd trimester: 1 lb/ week (12-14 lbs) |
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Term
| How can you reduce morning sickness? |
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Definition
| Eat dry cereal, toast or crackers before getting out of bed |
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Term
| What does the hormone prolactin do? |
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Definition
| prolactic stimulates milk production |
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Term
| What does the hormone oxytoch do? |
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Definition
| oxytoch stimulates the milk to be released |
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Term
| what is the best marker of the nutritional status of an infant? |
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Definition
| Growth, which is evaluated using growth charts |
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Term
| the infant should ________________ their birth weight by 4-6 months and __________________ their birth weight by 12 months. |
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Definition
double by 4-6 months
triple by 12 months |
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Term
| Which of the following is not enhanced during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Greatest changes in weight and length occur during which year of life? |
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Definition
| During the first year of life |
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Term
What percentage of energy content for infants should be from dietary fat?
And for adults? |
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Definition
Infants: 40-50%
Adults: 25-30% |
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Term
| what two nutrients do pregnant women need the most? |
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Definition
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Term
the use of cow's milk for children younger than 1 year is a common cause of what?
Why? |
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Definition
| it is a common cause of iron deficiency, because there is not as much amino acid and iron in cow's milk |
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Term
| how much folic acid should a pregnant woman consume? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a food borne ilness? |
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Definition
| any illness resulting from consumption of food |
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Term
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Definition
| it occurs when a person ingests a contaminating chemical or natural toxin |
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Term
| what is a food borne infection? |
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Definition
| it is caused by a variety of foodborne pathogenic, bacteria, viruses, prios or parasites |
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Term
| how many illness are caused from foodborne illness in the US every year? |
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Definition
76 million illnesses
US is still one of the safest food supplies in the world |
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Term
| what is foodborne illness usually the result of? |
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Definition
| it usually results from unsafe food handling in the home |
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Term
how can one prevent salmonella?
which foods should be avoided? |
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Definition
To prevent salmonella, food should be cooked thouroughly
Avoid unpasteurized milk, rare meats, and raw eggs |
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Term
| how long does it take botulism to onset? |
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Definition
12-36 hours
--> needs immediate medical care |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of botulism? |
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Definition
| difficulty swallowing/breathing, nerve damage, respiratory failure, death |
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Term
what food contains dormant spores of botulism?
what can this food do to infants? |
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Definition
honey
it can kill infants younger than 1 because they can't handle these spores
-->
do NOT feed honey to kids under 1 |
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Term
| what is the main source of trichinosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the cause of mad cow disease? |
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Definition
| protein (prions) found in the intestine and central nervous system of bovine are thought to be the cause of this disease |
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Term
| how can mad cow disease spread? |
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Definition
prions spread from one animal to another if by-products (brain) of the infected animal is used to feed other animals
(banned in US and CA) |
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Term
| Who is most susceptible for food borne illnesses? |
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Definition
- infants and children
- older adults
- those with liver disease, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, cancer
- pregnant women
- diabetics
- people taking immuno suppressant agents (after organ transplant--> food must be very well controlled) |
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Term
how long should meat be refrigerated?
frozen? |
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Definition
refrigerated: 1-2 days
frozen: 3-4 months |
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Term
| in order to avoid microbes, what temperature should cold foods be kept at? |
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Definition
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Term
| what temperature should hot foods be kept at? |
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Definition
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Term
| what temperature is the danger zone for food? |
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Definition
40-140 F
bacteria thrives in these temperature ranges |
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Term
| does alcohol raise the blood level of fats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vitamin is a good cure for a hangover? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does alcohol need to be digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has a higher alcohol dehydrogenase system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total nutrient content in alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
When alcohol is being removed from circulation in the body, what happens to the liver?
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Definition
| the liver metabolism is limited, and blood alcohol level falls slowly |
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Term
| what does too much alcohol cause to the liver |
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Definition
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Term
What is fribrosis?
Cirrhosis? |
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Definition
Fibrosis: inflexible liver
Cirrhosis: liver can no longer repair itself at this point, the liver starts to die |
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Term
| What vitamins does alcohol interfere with? |
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Definition
| alcohol interferes with vitamin metabolism, folate, thiamin, and vitamin a |
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Term
| What BMI number is considered a diagnositic criteria for anorexia nervosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does someone with anorexia perceive their weight gain and body image? |
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Definition
| they have an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image |
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Term
what is amenorrhea
who can get it? |
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Definition
| amenorrhea is a lack of a menstrual cycle, those with anorexia are susceptible to it |
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Term
| what are some warning signs of someone who may have anorexia? |
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Definition
| severe dieting, always looking in the mirror, excessive excercising, laxative use, dry skin |
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Term
| what are some causes of builima nervosa? |
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Definition
| stress, depression, self-esteem issues |
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Term
| how much more likely is a woman with anorexia nervosa like to die at an earlier age |
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Definition
| she is 12 X more likely to die earlier |
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Term
| what is the most prevalent treatment for bulimia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the female athlete triad of eating disorders? |
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Definition
1. disordered eating
2. amenorrhea
3. osteoporosis (loss of bone loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| an intense fear of your child becoming overweight |
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Term
| approximately how many people die from anorexia every year? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some examples of helpful herbs? |
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Definition
St Johns Wort: mild depression
Milk thistle: chronic liver disease
Ginkgo biloba- antioxidants
cranberry: urinary tract infections |
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Term
| what is orthomolecular nutrition? |
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Definition
| attempting to treat and prevent with supplementation rather than the conventional medications |
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Term
| what is the concern with orthomolecular nutrition? |
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Definition
| the concern is that supplementation is not regulated and investigated prior to use |
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Term
| what is the difference between complementary and alternative medicine |
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Definition
complementary:
practices used in addition to the conventional medicine
alternative:
practices used in place of conventional medicine |
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Term
| do antioxidants decrease free radicals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the clause that is a provision of the law regarding food additives? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is one of the negative effects of supplements? |
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Definition
| they can impact other nutrients in your body |
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Term
| what do public health official worry about the most when it comes t food for the homeless? |
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Definition
| the worry about the nutritional quality |
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Term
| Who does WIC primarily serve? |
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Definition
| Pregnant women and mothers, and children under the age of 5 |
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