Term
| True or False...Carbohydrate has been rightly accused of being the fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to consume fewer starchy foods. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False...The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour. |
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Definition
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Term
| When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form: |
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Definition
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Term
The best known fibers include all of the following except:
glycogen.
cellulose.
hemicellulose.
pectin. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?
protein
ketones
carbohydrate
fat |
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Definition
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Term
| The best way to lose fat, maintain lean body tissues, and maintain the health of the body is to: |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except:
it lowers risk of diabetes.
it alleviates constipation.
it lowers risk of hemorrhoids.
it may reduce risk of rectal cancer. |
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Definition
| It lowers risk of diabetes |
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Term
Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to refined grain products?
riboflavin
folate
magnesium
thiamin
niacin |
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Definition
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Term
| When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes? |
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Definition
| weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle |
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Term
| You are trying to convince someone that a low-carbohydrate diet is undesirable. Reasons you would give to support your statement include: |
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Definition
| fat is not normally used as fuel by the brain and nervous system AND gram for gram, carbohydrates donate fewer calories than dietary fats. |
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Term
| One of the main reasons that obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes is because: |
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Definition
| inflammation in the tissues triggers them to resist insulin. |
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Term
| Sugar has been implicated by many people in some major health problems; however, the only effect of sugar on health that has been shown scientifically is that: |
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Definition
| in developing countries, added sugar is providing more energy to the diet while people are decreasing their physical activity. |
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Term
| A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100-calorie diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbohydrate. How many grams of carbohydrate would that be? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False...Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False...When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False...If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose need of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False...The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a protein catalyst, which acts on other substances to change them chemically?
hormone
antibody
lipoprotein
enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
| The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by: |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:
bases.
alcohol.
heat.
light.
salts of heavy metals. |
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Definition
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Term
| For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes |
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Definition
| vigorous physical training and well-timed meals. |
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Term
| The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by: |
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Definition
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Term
| When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into: |
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Definition
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Term
| In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be: |
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Definition
| a combination of plant and animal sources |
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Term
Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?
legumes
animal proteins
grains
vegetables |
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Definition
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Term
| The calorie-deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known most specifically as: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?
fruits
grains
vegetables
milk, yogurt and cheese |
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Definition
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Term
| In times of energy shortage from carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way? |
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Definition
| it removes the nitrogen portion and burns the remaining fragments for energy |
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Term
| A boy 10 years old is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his nitrogen status be? |
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Definition
| positive nitrogen balance |
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Term
| Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except: |
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Definition
| hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids. |
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Term
Examples of complementary protein combinations include all of the following except:
pasta with tomato sauce.
rice and black-eyed peas.
whole-wheat cereal with almonds.
peanut butter and jelly on whole-wheat bread. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the risks of consuming a diet high in protein? |
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Definition
| a high-protein diet can raise homocysteine levels in the blood |
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Term
| Cholesterol is the best known of the: |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?
protects the body from temperature extremes
cushions the internal organs from physical shock
carries the water-soluble nutrients
provides the major material from which cell membranes are made |
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Definition
| carries the water-soluble nutrients |
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Term
| Which one of the following statements about fatty foods is true? |
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Definition
| fat contributes to satiety, contributing to the feeling of fullness |
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Term
| DRI recommendations concerning intakes of fats include: |
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Definition
consume up to 35% of calories as fat and
keep saturated fat intake as low as possible |
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Term
| The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is: |
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Definition
| high saturated and trans fat intake. |
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of a diet to oppose heart disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to |
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Definition
| consume 2 fish meals per week |
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Term
| To protect yourself from consuming too much _____, you would limit your consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark. |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately what percent calories from fat would be provided by a bowl of soup containing 200 calories and 99 calories from fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| The major storage form of fats in our body is: |
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Definition
| triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. |
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Term
| A woman who is pregnant is concerned about eating fish because of its potential contamination with mercury. What would you tell her about the need for essential fatty acids in her diet? |
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Definition
| it is important for her to find alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids to provide DHA and EPA for growth and development of her fetus |
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Term
| Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in the product? |
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Definition
| hydrogenated vegetable oil and shortening |
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Term
| What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils? |
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Definition
| oils that have been hydrogenated are more resistant to oxidation that will spoil them and make them rancid |
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Term
| In an effort to lower LDL you would tell someone to: |
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Definition
| use olive oil in the place of saturated fat and use corn oil in the place of vegetable shortening. |
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Term
| Overall, the diets of the Mediterranean people are: |
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Definition
| low in saturated fat and high in complex carbohydrates and fiber. |
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Term
| The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of: |
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Definition
| a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafoods |
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