Term
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Definition
| to consume a variety of foods balanced by a moderate intake of each food" |
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Daily Reference Intakes
(DRI) |
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Definition
- estimated average requirements
- Recommendd dietary Allowances
- Adequate intakes
- Tolerable Intake levels |
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Term
| Estimated average requirment (EAR) |
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Definition
| Average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the needs of 50% of individuals in a particular age/gender |
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| Recommended Dietary allowance (RDA) |
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Definition
| average daily intake required to meet the needs of 97-98% of individuals in a particular age/gender |
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Term
| what is Recommended Dietary Allowance based off of |
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Definition
EAR
Estimated average requirement |
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Definition
recommended intake based on experimenatl estimates
expected to exceed RDA |
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Definition
| Max level of daily intake without causing adverse health effects to individuals in a particular age/gender |
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| Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution range (AMDR) |
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Definition
| Recommended Macronutrient intake ranges |
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Term
| 6 Food label requirements |
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Definition
- product name
- net contents
- manufactuer's name, address,
- serving size
- # servings per container
- Ingredient list |
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Term
| how many kcal/gm of protein |
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Definition
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Term
| how many kcal/gm of alcohol |
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Definition
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Term
| resting metabolic rate (RMR) |
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Definition
Minimum energy expended to maintain physiological funtions
60-70% of total kcal expended |
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Term
| Thermic effect of Food (TEF) |
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Definition
energy expended to process food
5-10% "sales tax"
Protein>CHO>fat |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy expended via physical activity and exercise (beyond RMR) |
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Definition
Room Sized calorimeter
- expensive
- complex
- inconvenient |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures amount of oxygen person uses (consumes) |
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Term
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Definition
Based on age, height, weight, gender
- harris-Benedict
- miffin- st. Jeor |
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Definition
2-70% of body weight
Desirable body fat %
- men 10-20%
- women 20-30% |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dual-Energy x-ray absorptionmetry
most accurate
3 compartment model
- body fat, lean mass, bone mass |
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Definition
good accuarcy
fat less dense then muscle
2 compartment model
- fat mass, lean mass |
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Definition
air displacement plethysmography
good accuracy
2 compartment model
fat mass, lean mass |
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Term
| Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) |
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Definition
more fat = slower signal
questionable accuracy
- hydration status
- electrode placement
2 compartment model
- fat mass, lean mass |
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Term
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Definition
most popular
questionalbe accuracy
-intra-observer variability
-subcutaneous fat
2 compartment model
- fat mass, lean mass |
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Term
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Definition
upper body (android) obesity
- Increase rish for CVD, Type II diabetes
- Testosterone
- Excessive alcohol intake |
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Term
| Body fat disribution (pear) |
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Definition
Lower body (gynoid) obesity
- lower risk then android obestiy
- estrogen progesterone
- after menopause = android obesity |
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Definition
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Term
| To maintain RDR one should... |
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Definition
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Term
| Thrifity Gene Theory (nature) |
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Definition
some people possess a gene or (genes) that causes them to be energetically thrifty
- Protection from starvation during famine
Todays society
- decrease physical activity, automatation
increase energy density of foods, large portion size |
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| Set point Theory (nature) |
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Definition
Genetically predetermined weight
Hormones, enzymes
- tyroid hormone
- leptin
- Ghrelin |
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Term
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Definition
Develops during infancy, childhood
increased # of adipose cells
- hyperplasia
adipocytes |
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Definition
Develops during adulthood
increased size of adipose cells
- hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
Develops during adulthood
increased size of adipose cells
- hypertrophy |
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Term
| 3 reasons why diets dont work |
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Definition
1. unrealistic expectations
2. body defends itself agaist weight loss
- RMR, Hormones
- Set point theory
3. Weight Cycling |
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Term
| Why "Healthy Lifestyles" Work |
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Definition
1. Slow, steady weight loss
- 1-2 lbs per week
2.adapted to needs, habits, tastes
- energy and fuel source needs
- contains common foods
3. physical activity
4. behavior modifacations |
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Term
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Definition
Chain breaking
stimulus control
cognitive restructuring
self monitoring
social support |
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Term
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Definition
classifies vitamins, amino acids, minerals and herbs as foods
prevents FDA "pre" regulation
FDA must prove the "food" is unsafe before they can pull it
diet supplments can be sold w/o and FDA approval |
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Definition
soild disease/health claims
- name specific disease(cancer, heart disease)
- Refer to diet low or high in specific nutrient
-requires FDA approval |
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| Structure/functional claims |
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Definition
maintains, supports, enhances
any food
-do not require FDA approval |
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Definition
Obervation
Hypotheseis
Experiments
- animal vs human
-epidemiological
- case control
- Double blind (placebo)
Peer review journals
follow up studies
theory |
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Term
| fact or fiction red flags |
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Definition
quick and easy
limited foods
hollywood testimonials |
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