Term
| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
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Definition
| energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest |
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Term
| resting energy expenditure (REE) |
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Definition
| resting metabolic rate that is the amount of energy an individual needs to consume over a 24-hour period for the body to maintain all its internal working activities while at rest. |
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Term
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Definition
| energy of intake and outake of food needed to meet dietary needs |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are found primarily in sugars |
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Term
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Definition
| includes insouluble (cellulose) and soluable (pectin) |
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Term
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Definition
| a source of energy (4 kcal/g) |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest form of a protien |
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Term
| indispensable amino acids |
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Definition
| histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine |
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Term
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Definition
| alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| The intake and output of nitrogen are equal |
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Term
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Definition
| most calorie-dense nutrient, provides 9 kcal/g |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| each carbon has two attached hydrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and the carbon atoms attach to each other with a double bond |
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Term
| monounsaturated fatty acids |
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Definition
| fatty acids with one double bond |
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Term
| polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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Definition
| have two or more double carbon bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| makes up 60-70% of the total body weight |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, fortified food, and large intake of fish oils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic elements that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| when daily requirement is 100 mg or more of a mineral |
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Term
| trace elements (microminerals) |
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Definition
| when the daily intake is less than 100 mg |
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Term
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Definition
| proteinlike substances that act as catalysts to sped up chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| wavelike muscular contractions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| force by which particles move outward from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| particles move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| movment of water through a membrane that seperates solutions of different concentrations, do not need a special "carrier" |
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Term
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Definition
| engulfing of large molecules of nutrients by the absorbing cell |
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Term
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Definition
| all biochemical reactions within the cells of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of biochemical substances into simples substances, occurring during a negative nitrogen balance |
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Term
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Definition
| catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| anabolism of glucose into glycogen for stoarage |
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Term
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Definition
| catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into clucose for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves limiting the amount of food a person eats. It results in starvation and an inability to stay at the minimum body weight considered healthy for the person's age and height. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bulimia is an illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of significant overeating and feels a loss of control. The affected person then uses various methods -- such as vomiting or laxative abuse -- to prevent weight gain. |
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Term
| what is an average birth weight of an American baby? |
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Definition
| 3.2 to 3.4 kg (7-7.5 lbs) |
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Term
| at 4 to 5 months what happens to the birth weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the birth weight at 1 year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can a full-term newborn digest and absorb? |
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Definition
| simple carbs, proteins and a moderate amount of emulsified fat |
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Term
| What are some of the benefits to breast feeding? |
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Definition
| reduced food allergies and intolerances, fewer infant intections, easier digestion, convenient, always correct temperature, available and fresh, economical and increases time for mother and infant interaction |
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Term
| why should infants not have regular cow's milk during the first year of life? |
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Definition
| it causes gastrointestinal bleeding, is too concentrated for the infant's kidneys to manage and increases the risk of milk product allergies and is a poor source of iron and vitamins C and E |
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Term
| what are potential sources of botulism toxins for infants? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some factors that relate to overweight children? |
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Definition
| a diet rich in high-calorie foods, inactivity, genetic predispostion, use of food as a coping mechanism for stress or boredom and family and social factors |
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Term
| why is folic acid intkae during pregnancy important? |
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Definition
| it is important for DNA synthesis and the growth of red blood cells |
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Term
| what could inadequate inake of folic acid lead to? |
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Definition
| fetal neural tube defects, anencephaly, or maternal megaloblastic anemia |
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Term
| what vitamins are essential with lactating woman? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fruit should older adults avoid because they will decrease absorption of many drugs? |
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Definition
| grapfruit and grapfruit juice. |
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