Term
|
Definition
food to nutrients
nutrients to cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological sensation which leads us to eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological desire to eat certain types of food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of ENZYMES to break down the micromolecules into building blocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of FORCE to reduce the size of big molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worm like movement in esophagus and other organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| churning movement; increases surface area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper esophegal, lower espophegal, pyloric spinc. ileocecal spinc., anal spinc.
contracted muscular rings which allow gradual passage of food to one organ to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastro esophegeal reflux disease |
|
|
Term
| lower esophegeal spincter |
|
Definition
cardiac spincter, LES spincter
heart burn |
|
|
Term
| how many organs and accessory organs for digestion |
|
Definition
5 major organs, 3 accessory organs
mouth, esoph, stomach, small inst., large inst.
liver, gall bladder, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| regullar digestion: mouth |
|
Definition
mouth: teeth, tongue, saliva
chewing
saliva: lubrication, bicarbonate: neutralizes acid, lysozymes: antibacterial, salivary amylase: enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alkaline which neutralizes weak acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that acts on carbohydrate |
|
|
Term
| regular digstion: esophagus |
|
Definition
| transfers bolus to stomach |
|
|
Term
| regular digstion: stomach |
|
Definition
hydrochloric acid
intrinsic factor(IF): aids in b12 absoprtion
pepsin (protease): proteins |
|
|
Term
| regular digestion: small intestines |
|
Definition
duodenum: recieves digestive juices from gallbladder and pancreas
major site of digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stores bile made by the liver
bile helps in fat digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bicarbonate, lipase, protease, amylase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteim> (protease)> amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat> bile/lipase> fatty acid and glycerol |
|
|
Term
| passive (simple) diffusion |
|
Definition
| free movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration until equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free movement of molecules from higher to lower with the help of carrier (protein) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forecful movement of moleules from lower to higher concentration with the use of atp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 ways for cellular transport |
|
Definition
| passive(simple), facilitated, active, endocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absorption of water and some water soluble material |
|
|
Term
| minimum amount of carbohydrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simple> monosaccharide and dissachride
complex(POLYSACCHARIDE)> starch(pasta rice) and fiber (SOLUBLE: rice, bananas, apples)AND INSOLUB: crunch begtables and whole grain) and glycogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 unit: glucose, fructose and galactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maltose: gluc and gluc
sucrose: gluc and fruc
lactose: gluc and galact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
many molecules of glucose attached in a linear way
pasta, rice, grains, potato, corn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
many glucose molecules NOT LINEAR
2 types: soluble: can be dissolved in water
insoluble: can not: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be dissolved in water
rice, bananas, pear, apple, beans
produces gel like material in GI
25-30 grams a day
PECTIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can not be dissolved in water
cellulose and lignin
bulk of stool, easy bowl movement
vetables(crunchy) whole grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
same structure as starch but is synthesized in liver and muscles
storage in liver/muscles, breaks down when no food
JUST ENZYMES FROM STARCH INTAKE |
|
|
Term
| normal blood glucose level |
|
Definition
| 70-110 mg a day; 8-12 hours of gylcogen |
|
|
Term
| carbohydrate digestion: mouth |
|
Definition
| mouth: chewing/saliva> lubricates and salivary amylase |
|
|
Term
| esophagus: carb digestion |
|
Definition
| no chemical digestion"bolus" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small inste: carb digstion |
|
Definition
dueod: reieves pancreatice amylase> more surface area and time
starch>mon>dis
jejun/ileum: absorption |
|
|
Term
| absoprtion of carbohydrates |
|
Definition
mon: pass by easier
disach: lactase, sucrase, maltase break them
absorbed in blood> thru portal vein and then goes to liver: all glucose then general circulation
converted to glycogen when down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needs sugar; less than 50 mg and dead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
major energy source> brain and red blood cell
fiber: healthy gi tract
25-30 mg
45-65% energy intake
never below 130 grams of carb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anything with c, h or O and insoluble in water
fat is edible lipid |
|
|
Term
| visible lipids vs invisible |
|
Definition
butter, oo, lard, beef tallow
milk, cookies, chocolate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
99% of all fats
2 types: saturated and unsaturated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solid at rt
animal fat
SAFA
one bond
7% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anything with c, h, o and insoluble in water
visible vs invisible fats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
99% of all fats
glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| unsaturated: monounsaturated |
|
Definition
mufa
o.o., canola oil
one double bond
15% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pufa
more than 1 double bond
safflouwer, sunflower, veg, peanutc
8% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lecithin
glycerol and 2 FA and phosphate
more polar=more solubility
phospolipid bilayer: water and fat together
bile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cholesterol
phytosterol: no cholesterol from plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chewing: mechanical
body temperature: melts solid fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nothing, transfers bolus to stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fat digestion: small intest |
|
Definition
duod: bile from gall bladder> emulsifies fat
emusified fat to glycerol fatty acid from pancreatic lipase
jej/ill: absorption
turned into lipoproteins "soluble in water" also "chylomiecron" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fat digestion not thru blood but thru lymph nodes> phosp and sterol go to lymp then heat then aorta
leftover sent to liver to reuse? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholesterol from tissues to liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cholesterol from liver to tissues
little protein, lots of fat
oxidation> precipatate in artery
100 mg/d
blood chole: 200 mg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
