Term
| What would be the approx. weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kCals daily for one month? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approx what percentage of weight loss during starvation is lean body mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What instrument is used to measure the energy content of food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About how long does it take for a meal to be completely eliminated from the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat of slice of chocolate cake is an ex. of behavior known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most satiating macronutrient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Among the following, which has the greatest power to suppress hunger?
apples
peanuts
doughnuts
potato chips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following hormones is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal?
gastrin
adipokines
neuropeptide Y
cholecystokinin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The day after Thanksgiving, you and your sisters are a little hungry and want to eat leftovers before going shopping. Which of the following foods would most readily satisfy the feeling of hunger?
Turkey, Pecan Pie,
Mashed Potatoes, Noodle Casserole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following may be used to calculate the amount of energy expended by the body?
oxygen consumed
total air exchanged
intestinal gas expelled
CO2 consumed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are characteristics of neuropeptide-Y except
it stimulates appetite
it reduces fat storage
it is synthesized in the brain
it increases carbohydrate craving |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing describes the process of thermogenesis?
burning of fat
synthesis of fat
generation of heat
generation of water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by his/her basal metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing does not decrease the metabolic rate?
fever
fasting
sleeping
malnutrition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the approx. daily basal metabolism of a 110lb woman? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing factors has the most influence on the body's metabolic rate?
age
gender
amount of fat tissue
amount of lean body tissue |
|
Definition
| amount of lean body tissue |
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
fever decreases the BMR
fasting increases the BMR
pregnancy increases the BMR
females have a higher BMR than males on a body weight basis |
|
Definition
| pregnancy increases the BMR |
|
|
Term
Among the fllwing groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?
females
older individuals
younger individuals
people with smaller surface areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier cuz she has |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The weight of the body less the fat content is known as the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term describes the increase in energy expenditure that occurs in a person who fractures a leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For almost all people who use the equations for calculating Estimated Energy Requirements, the actual values fall within a range of plus or minus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is a sig. factor associated w/ interpretation of body composition values?
The values include fat + protein but not water
It is rare the sedentary, normal wt. people are overfat
It is possible that muscular people may be classified as overwt.
Body comp. can be accurately assessed by the measuring of body wt. |
|
Definition
| It is possible that muscular people may be classified as overwt. |
|
|
Term
| What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the apprx. body mass index of a woman who is 5'5" and 125 lbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the use of the BMI overestimate the prevalence of obesity in the Afro-American pop.? |
|
Definition
| Blacks have denser vones and higher body protein concentrations than whites |
|
|
Term
| What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jacki, who has a sedentary lifestyle, is 5'5" and weighs 165lb. She calculated her BMI to be 27.5. She recognizes that her body weight is unhealthy and vows to improve her eating habits and begin a regular program of physical fitness. Her goal is to achieve a BMI of 22. Approx how much weight (lbs) must she lose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing defines central obesity?
Accumulation of fat during the mid-years of life
Storage of fat around the central part of the body
Overfatness due to a lg # of interacting behavioral probs
Overfatness due to reliance on high fat foods as a central part of the diet.
|
|
Definition
| Storage of fat around the central part of the body |
|
|
Term
| In what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with the highest risks for the cardiovascular disease and diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is a high risk of obesity-related health problems when a man's waist circumference begins to exceed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The known health risks for being underweight include all of the following except
diabetes
infertility in women
giving birth to unhealthy infants
increased cancer-induced wasting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ben is worried that his family history of heart disease and his BMI of 28 are putting him at very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. What would a clinician advise Ben to help lower his risk? |
|
Definition
| Lose weight as it can lower both blood cholesterol and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| The risks for dying prematurely are doubled when the body mass index first rises above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are features of the health risks associated w/ excessive body fat except
obesity is classified as a disease
obese women have elevated levels of estrogen
the risks are higher in black women that in white women
people with a BMI higher than 35 have twice the risk of dying prematurely |
|
Definition
| the risks are higher in black women than in white women |
|
|
Term
| The major cause of insulin resistance is related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing may best explain the relationship between excess body fat and higher risk for cancers of the female reproductive system?
|
|
Definition
| Excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote tumor development. |
|
|
Term
| Anorexia nervosa is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appox. how many people in the US are believed to have eating disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the fllwing are characteristics of anorexia nervosa except |
|
Definition
| in those who recover, energy intakes return to normal |
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is a characteristic of people w/ anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
| In those who are treated, many relapse into abnormal eating patterns. |
|
|
Term
| Appox. what fraction of people treated for anorexia nervosa show reasonable maintenance of their weight gain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Typ. foods chosen by a person with bulimia nervosa during a binge include all of the fllwing except
bread
cookies
ice cream
vegetables |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is a characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa? |
|
Definition
| Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating? |
|
Definition
| Purging is rarely practiced in binge eating disorder |
|
|
Term
| According to body mass index values, what fraction of the US adult production is considered overweight or obese? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of a person who is 6'4" tall and 202 lbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing describe the behavior of fat cells except
the # decreases when fat is lost from the body
the size is larger in obese people than in normal-weight people
the storage capacity for fat depends on both cell # and cell size
the # increases several-fold during the growth yrs + tapers off when adult status is reached |
|
Definition
| the number decreases when fat is lost from the body |
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
Glucagon
Lipoprotein lipase
Cellulite synthetase
Lipoprotein synthetase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following except
diet
behavior
physical activity
adipocyte number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing defines the body's set point?
min. wt. of a person
max. wt of a person
pt. at which a person's wt plateaus before dropping again quickly
pt. above which the body tends to lose wt and below which it tends to gain wt. |
|
Definition
| Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight. |
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is a feature of leptin?
It is ...
an enzyme
a satiety signal
usually deficient in obese people
secreated by the brain and acts on fat cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is a feature of ghrelin? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates appetite and energy storage |
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are hormones that promote satiety except
PYY
CCK
leptin
ghrelin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At any given time, what % of all US women are attempting to lose wt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinically severy obesity is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight loss drug? |
|
Definition
| It inhibits pancreatic lipase |
|
|
Term
| The drug sibutramine reduces appetite by afecting |
|
Definition
| serotonin utilization in the brain |
|
|
Term
| The prescription drug sibutramine acts by regulating the utilization of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a safe rate of wt. loss on a long term basis for most overweight people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a general rule, what min. # of kCal per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are behavior modifications for losing weight except
shopping only when not hungry
eating only in one place and in one room
participating in activities such as television viewing only when not eating
taking smaller portions of food but always eating everything on the plate quickly. |
|
Definition
| taking smaller portions of food but always eating everything on the plate quickly |
|
|
Term
| Upon beginning a meal, the satiety signal in the body is sent after a lag time of about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who weighs 150 lbs. and walks at a pace of 3 miles/hr expends about how many kCal in that hour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity? |
|
Definition
| Lower body fat is more readily lost from vigorous exercises that work primarily the hip and leg muscles |
|
|
Term
Features of the adaptive response to regular physical exercise include all of the following except
it curbs appetite
it stimulates digestive function in the postexercise period
it increases energy expenditure in the postexercise period
it triggers release of lipids from adipocytes from all over the body |
|
Definition
| it stimulates digestive function in the postexercise period |
|
|
Term
| What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout? |
|
Definition
| Glucose and fatty acid are still abundant in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Approx. how many kCal per week should be burned in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approx. what percentage of overweight people who intentionally lose weight are able to maintain the weight for at least one year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The classification of underweight is defined when the BMI first drops below |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following except |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are features of high-protein diets except
they have a high satiety index
they advise dieters to not count kCal
they provide for long-term weight maintenance
they typically recommend intakes of 1200 kCal per day |
|
Definition
| They provide for long-term weight maintenance |
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is characteristic of dieting and ketosis? |
|
Definition
| Body fat losses on a ketogenic diet are initially high but then taper off after one week |
|
|
Term
General characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except
they must be consumed daily
toxic levels in the body are rarely found
they are absorbed directly into the blood
excesses are eliminated from the kidneys |
|
Definition
| they must be consumed daily |
|
|
Term
| When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess? |
|
Definition
| Excreted primarily in the urine |
|
|
Term
| What is a chief function of the B vitamins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy? |
|
Definition
| Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary chemical reaction in which thiamin participates as a coenzyme? |
|
Definition
| Assists in removal of one-carbon units from compounds involved in energy metabolism |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of thiamin nutrition?
The coenzyme contains pyrosulfate
It is required for regeneration of folate
It is required for regeneration of niacin
It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane |
|
Definition
| It is an integral part of the nerve cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| Approx. what % of alcoholics exhibit thiamin deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the fllwing, which is the richest food source of thiamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Riboflavin in its coenzyme form functions in the transfer of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when diet is low in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the diet contains adequate protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of what vitamin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems except
skin
skeletal
nervous system
gastointestinal tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?
low doses may lead to kidney stones
high doses may lower LDL raise HDL blood cholesterol
low doses may lead to heartburn and low blood pressure
high doses may elevate red blood cell count in mildly anemic individuals |
|
Definition
| high doses may lower LDL raise HDL blood cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Biotin can be synthesized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Forms of vitamin B6 include all of the following except
pyridoxal
pyridoxine
pyrimidine
pyridoxamine
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is not a characteristic of vitamin B6 in nutrition? |
|
Definition
| It is required in amts proportional to energy expenditure |
|
|
Term
| In what major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism? |
|
Definition
| It dislodges the PLP coenzyme from its enzyme |
|
|
Term
On a per-kCal basis, which of the fllwing foods is richest in vitamin B6?
Meats
Fruits
Legumes
Vegetables |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is involved mainly with the replacement of red blood cells and digestive tract cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following substances is known to adversly affect folate utilization?
Insulin
Calcium supplements
Regular use of antacids
Vitamain B12 supplement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing foods is highest in folate?
Meats
Starches
Dairy products
Green, leafy veges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among all the vitamins, which is believed to be most vunerable to interactions with drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pernicious amenia results from deficiency of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nasal spray route represents a safe and efficacious means for the supple of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of intrinsic in Vitamin B12 absorption? |
|
Definition
| It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the intestines. |
|
|
Term
The absorption of which of the fllwing vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?
Choline
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Pantothenic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficieny? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A smaller type of anemia is produced when there is a deficience of either |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you lose the ability to absorb B12, about what period of time could elapse before deficiency signs develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the fllwing foods, which would be the only source of Vitamin B12?
Pecans
Hot Dog
Cauliflower
Whole Grain bread |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is classified as a conditionally essential nutrient?
PABA
Choline
Inositol
Ubiquinone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing characteristics is shared by Vitamins B6, B12, C and folate?
Rqrd for glycolysis
Consumption prevents anemia
Rqrd in microgram qnts
Found in citrus products and legumes |
|
Definition
| Consumption prevents anemia |
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is freq. affected by deficiencies of the B Vitamins?
Bones
Tongues
Eyesight
Hair and nails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A molecule with at least one unpaired electron |
|
|
Term
| Why might vitamin C supplements be beneficial in treating the common cold? |
|
Definition
| They deactivate histamine |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
Antiviral agent
Antifungal agent
Anticancer agent
Antioxidant agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing vitamins is known to deactivate histamine, a substance that causes nasal congestion?
Niacin
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing food groups is a rich source of vitamin C?
Milk group
Meat group
Fruit group
Bread-cereal group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If the diet contains precursor vitamin A, which of the fllwing tissues can use it to form vitamin A?
Eyes
Kidneys
Adipose cells
Intestinal cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
Tryptophan
Chlorophyll
Xanthophyll
Beta-carotene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing is not among the features of fat-soluable vitamins?
Require bile for absorption
Found in the fat and oily parts of foods
Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue
Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water soluabe vitamins |
|
Definition
| Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are forms of vitamin A except
retinol
retinal
retinoic acid
retinoquinone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing describes an association of vitamin A and vision? |
|
Definition
| Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration |
|
|
Term
| Approx what percent of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following describes the primary function of vitamin A in bone health? |
|
Definition
| It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur |
|
|
Term
Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?
Acne
Ricketsw
Osteomalacia
Night blindness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A person seeking good source of vitamin A would select all of the fllwing except
liver
bananas
apricots
sweet potatoes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of fllwing is a feature of vitamin A in foods? |
|
Definition
| Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene |
|
|
Term
Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone?
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Phylloquinone
Alpha-tocopherol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The plant version of vitamin D is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The animal version of vitamin D is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing shows the highest vitamin D activity?
Cholecalciferol
7-Dehydrocholesterol
25-Hydroxy vitamin D
25-Dihydroxy vitamin D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?
Cholesterol
Tryptophan
Beta-carotene
Eicosapentanoic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the fllwing can the body use to synthesize vitamin D?
Bone
Carotene
Tryptophan
Exposure to sunlight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the fllwing are other names for vitamin D except
calciferol
calcitonin
cholecaliferol
dihydroxy vitmamin D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is/are the main function(s) of vitamin D? |
|
Definition
| Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone |
|
|
Term
| In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the folllowing is a feature of vitamin D? |
|
Definition
| The average consumption in the US does not meet the recommeded intake |
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is a characteristic of vitamin D nutrition? |
|
Definition
| Prolonged exposure to sunlight degrades the vitamin D precursor in skin, thus preventing vitamin D toxicity |
|
|
Term
Recently, there has been a lot of news about the importance of antioxidants in the diet. Which of the fllwing vitamins has been noted as preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins?
A E K D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following features do vitamins C and E share?
Both function as antioxidants
Both require bile for absorption
Neither participates in protein synthesis
Neither is affected by the processing of foods |
|
Definition
| Both function as antioxidants |
|
|
Term
| How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? |
|
Definition
| It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of |
|
Definition
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings? |
|
Definition
| The vitamin is widespread in foods |
|
|
Term
There is some evidence for benefits from vitamin E supplements in all of the following groups except
premature infants
people with intermittent claudication
women with fibrocystic breast disease
people with problems of sexual impotence |
|
Definition
| people with problems of sexual impotence |
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing is characteristic of the tocopherols? |
|
Definition
| They are usually found in foods high in polyunsaturated fats |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a property of the tocopherols? |
|
Definition
| Easily destroyed by the air and oxygen |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E in foods?
|
|
Definition
| Most convenience foods are poor sources of vitamin E |
|
|
Term
| Which of the fllwing are major sources of vitamin E in the diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among the following, which contains the highest concentration of vitamin E? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K? |
|
Definition
| It participates in synthesis of bone proteins |
|
|
Term
| Of the fllwing, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein needed for blood clot formation |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the fllwing are features of vitamin K in nutrition except |
|
Definition
| gut microflora synthesis supplies sufficient amounts to meet the needs of most healthy adults |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major form of vitamin K in foods is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
