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Nutrition 3
Nutrition
29
Nutrition
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2015

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Term
Tissues
Definition
Collections of cells adapted to perform a specific function
Term
Organ
Definition
A group of tissues designed to perform a specific function
Term
Organ System
Definition
A collection of organs that work together to perform an overall function
Term
Organelles
Definition
Any class of fat-related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing component
Term
enzyme
Definition
A compound that speeds the rate of a chemical process but is not altered by that process. Almost all enzymes are proteins
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
The fluid and organelles (except the nucleus) in a cell
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Not requiring oxygen
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Organelles that are the main sites of energy production in a cell. They contain the pathway for oxidizing fat for fuel among other metabolic pathways.
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Requiring oxygen
Term
Cell Nucleus
Definition
An organelle bound by its own double membrane and containing chromosomes, the genetic information for cell protein synthesis and cell replication
Term
Chromosome
Definition
A single, large DNA molecule and its associated proteins; contains many genes to store and transmit genetic information
Term
Gene
Definition
A specific segment on a chromosome. Genes provide the blueprint for production of cell proteins
Term
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
The site of hereditary information in cells; DNA directs the synthesis of cell proteins
Term
Ribonucleic acid
Definition
The single stranded nucleic acid involved in the transcription of genetic information and translation of that information into protein structure
Term
Transcription
Definition
Process by which genetic information stored as DNA within the nucleus is copied to RNA during protein synthesis
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Cytoplasmic particles that mediate the linking together of amino acids to form proteins; may exist freely in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Translation
Definition
Process by which genetic information copied onto RNA dictates the amino acid sequence to form a protein
Term
Gene expression
Definition
Use of DNA information on a gene to produce a protein. Thought to be a major determination of cell development
Term
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Definition
An organelle composed of a network of canals running through the cytoplasm. Part of the endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes
Term
Gogli Complex
Definition
The cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles.
Term
Secretory Vesicles
Definition
Membrane-bound vesicles produced by the golgi complex; contain protein and other compounds to be secreted by the cell.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
A cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes for use inside the cell for turnover of cell parts.
Term
peroxisome
Definition
A cell organelle that destroys toxic products within the cell
Term
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
The main energy currency for cells. ATP energy is used to promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction.
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
The surface cells that line the outside of the body and all the external passages within it.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Protein tissue that holds different structures in the body together. Some body structures are made up of connective tissue-notably, tendons and cartilage. Connective tissue also forms part of bone and the nonmuscular structures of arteries and veins
Term
Muscle tissue
Definition
A type of tissue adapted to cantract to cause movement
Term
Nervous tissue
Definition
Tissue composed of highly branched, elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
Term
Plasma
Definition
The fluid, extracellular portion of the circulating blood. This includes the blood serum plus all blood-clotting factors. In contrast, serum is the fluid that remains after clotting factors have been removed from plasma.
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