Term
| WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF COPPER? |
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Definition
•FORMATION OF RBC AND CT
•CATALYST IN FORMATION OF COLLAGEN
•COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES THAT FUNCTION IN OXIDATIVE REACTIONS |
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Term
| COPPER-CONTAINING ENZYMES ENCOURAGE THE PRODUCTION OF: |
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Definition
| •NEUROTRANSMITTERS (INCLUDING NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE) |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RDA FOR ADULTS FOR COPPER? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE UL FOR ADULTS FOR COPPER? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF COPPER? |
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Definition
•SEAFOOD (SHELLFISH, OYSTERS, CRABS)
•LIVER
•NUTS, SESAME AND SUNFLOWER SEEDS
•SOY PRODUCTS
•LEGUMES
•COCOA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| SERUM COPPER LEVELS ARE ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH: |
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Definition
•RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
•MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
•CONDITIONS REQUIRING ESTROGEN
•PREGNANCY |
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Term
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Definition
•METABOLIC DISORDER IN WHICH LARGE AMOUNTS OF COPPER ACCUMULATE IN THE LIVER, KIDNEY, BRAIN, AND CORNEA
•IN THE CORNEA, IT CAUSES BROWN OR GREEN RING CALLED THE KAYSER-FLEISCHER RING |
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Term
| COPPER DEFICIENCY MAY OCCUR: |
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Definition
| •DURING ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION OR IN PATIENTS RECEIVING TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION |
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Term
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Definition
•TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION
•DELIVERED IN LIQUID FORM THROUGH THE VEINS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF COPPER DEPRIVATION? |
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Definition
•DECREASED HAIR AND SKIN PIGMENTATION
•HEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES (LOW WBC COUNT)
•ABNORMAL FORMATION OF CROSS-LINKAGES IN COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN - RESULTS IN FAILURE TO GROW (CHILDREN), SPONTANEOUS FRACTURES, OSTEOPOROSIS, ARTHRITIS, ARTERIAL DISEASE, AND BONE DEFORMITIES |
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Term
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Definition
| •COFACTOR FOR ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME THAT PROTECTS MEMBRANE LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS FROM OXIDATIVE DAMAGE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| LARGE AMOUNTS OF SELENIUM CAN BE DETRIMENTAL TO ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SELENIUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE UL FOR SELENIUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES FOR SELENIUM? |
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Definition
•ANIMAL PRODUCTS (SEAFOOD, KIDNEY, LIVER, AND OTHER MEATS)
•WHOLE GRAINS
•NUTS |
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Term
| SELENIUM WHEN GIVEN PREERUPTIVELY: |
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Definition
| •MAY PROMOTE DENTAL CARIES |
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Term
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Definition
| •CAUSES CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER (HEALTHY LIVER TISSUE IS REPLACED BY SCAR TISSUE, PREVENTING THE LIVER FROM FUNCTIONING PROPERLY) |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPERSTATES OF SELENIUM? |
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Definition
•NAUSEA AND VOMITING
•WEAKNESS
•DERMATITIS
•HAIR LOSS
•WHITE BLOTCHY NAILS
•GARLICKY BREATH ODOR |
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Term
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Definition
| •CAUSES CARDIOMYOPATHY (HEART MUSCLE DISEASE) CALLED KESHAN DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
•INVOLVED IN CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM
•POTENTIATES THE ACTION OF INSULIN |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE AI OF CHROMIUM FOR ADULTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES FOR CHROMIUM? |
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Definition
•MEATS
•WHOLE-GRAIN CEREALS
•NUTS
•MUSHROOMS |
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Term
| HYPERSTATES OF CHROMIUM CAN CAUSE: |
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Definition
•LIVER DAMAGE
•LUNG DISEASE |
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Term
| HYPOSTATES OF CHROMIUM CAN CAUSE: |
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Definition
•DECREASED INSULIN SENSITIVITY
•GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
•INCREASED RISK OF DIABETES |
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Term
|
Definition
•INVOLVED IN ENZYME SYSTEMS FOR:
-OPTIMAL BONE MATRIX DEVELOPMENT
-INSULIN PRODUCTION
-AMINO ACID, CHOLESTEROL, AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE AI FOR MANGANESE FOR ADULTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE UL FOR MANGANESE FOR ADULTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF MANGANESE? |
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Definition
•WHOLE-GRAIN CEREALS
•LEGUMES
•NUTS
•TEA
•LEAFY VEGGIES
•INFANT FORMULA |
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Term
| MANGANESE HYPERSTATES CAN BE CAUSED BY: |
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Definition
| •AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT (MANGANESE DUST) |
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Term
| ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF MANGANESE IN SALIVARY PLAQUE AND ENAMEL: |
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Definition
| •ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CARIES |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPERSTATES OF MANGANESE? |
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Definition
•ATAXIA (LACK OF VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF MUSCLE MOVEMENTS)
•HEADACHE
•FATIGUE
•ANXIETY |
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Term
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Definition
| •NEVER BEEN REPORTED IN THOSE EATING A NORMAL DIET |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPOSTATES OF MANGANESE? |
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Definition
•ABNORMAL FORMATION OF BONE AND CARTILAGE
•GROWTH RESTRICTION
•CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
•IMPAIRED GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
•POOR REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE |
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Term
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Definition
•ENZYME COFACTOR
•TRACE ELEMENTS ARE PRESENT IN TEETH WHICH MAY INHIBIT CARIES |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RDA FOR ADULTS FOR MOLYBDENUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE UL FOR ADULTS FOR MOLYBDENUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF MOLYBDENUM? |
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Definition
•LEGUMES
•WHOLE-GRAIN CEREALS
•MILK
•LIVER
•VEGETABLES |
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Term
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Definition
| •HAVE NOT BEEN REPORTED IN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT IN PEOPLE ON TPN |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS? |
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Definition
•ALUMINUM
•BORON
•LEAD
•LITHIUM
•MERCURY
•NICKEL
•SILICON
•TIN
•VANADIUM |
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Term
|
Definition
•MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE METABOLISM OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM, OR VITAMIN D
•MAY BE NEEDED TO MAINTAIN MEMBRANE STRUCTURE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF BORON? |
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Definition
| •FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN (FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS, LEGUMES, AND WINE) |
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Term
|
Definition
| •AFFECT MINERAL METABOLISM |
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Term
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Definition
| •ROLE IS UNCLEAR, BUT MAY BE INVOLVED IN VITAMIN B12 METABOLISM |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF NICKEL? |
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Definition
•DRIED BEANS AND PEAS
•GRAINS
•NUTS
•CHOCOLATE |
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Term
|
Definition
| •PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE IN STRUCTURE AND RESILIENCE OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND POLYSACCHARIDES |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF SILICON? |
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Definition
•WHOLE GRAINS
•ROOT VEGETABLES |
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Term
|
Definition
| •PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE IN UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM AND ZINC AND MAY AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF TIN? |
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Definition
| •TRACE AMOUNTS IN FOODS OR AS FOOD ADDITIVE |
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Term
|
Definition
•ACCUMULATES IN BONE AND DECREASES CALCIUM CONTENT
•MAY CAUSE AN INCREASE IN ACID SOLUBILITY |
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Term
|
Definition
| •IS INCORPORATED IN BONES AND DENTIN DURING RAPID MINERALIZATION |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF VANADIUM? |
|
Definition
•SHELLFISH
•MUSHROOMS
•PARSLEY |
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Term
|
Definition
•PROBABLY NOT AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
•ITS PRESENCE IN THE BODY APPEARS TO BE HARMFUL - HOWEVER, MAY REDUCE DENTAL CARIES |
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Term
| WHERE DOES ALUMINUM ACCUMULATE? |
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Definition
| •IN BONE, AND HAS BEEN OBSERVED TO CAUSE OSTEODYSTROPHY |
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Term
| ACCUMULATION OF ALUMINUM CAN OCCUR THROUGH: |
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Definition
| •ORAL INGESTION OF ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ANTACIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
•THERE IS NO KNOWN ROLE OF LEAD IN HUMAN NUTRITION
•IT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT THAT MAY IMPAIR INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT |
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Term
| A LARGE PROPORTION OF ABSORBED LEAD IS INCORPORATED INTO: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LEAD DEPOSITED IN _______________ IS ASSOCIATED WITH _______________ |
|
Definition
•ENAMEL MATRIX
•PITTING HYPOPLASIA |
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Term
|
Definition
•THERE IS NO KNOWN ROLE IN HUMAN NUTRITION
•IT IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT |
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Term
| VULNERABLE PATIENTS SHOULD LIMIT THEIR INTAKE OF ALBACORE TUNA TO: |
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Definition
•LESS THAN 6 OUNCES PER WEEK
(VULNERABLE = YOUNG CHILDREN, AND PREGNANT AND NURSING WOMEN) |
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Term
| HOW CAN YOU OBTAIN TRACE MINERALS BUT AVOID EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS? |
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Definition
| •CONSUME A VARIETY OF FOODS AND FLUIDS |
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Term
| BONE MEAL AND OYSTER SHELL SUPPLEMENTS MAY CONTAIN: |
|
Definition
| •DANGEROUS AMOUNTS OF LEAD |
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|
Term
| AVOID SUPPLEMENTATION OF _____________ UNLESS DIRECTED BY A MEDICAL PROVIDER |
|
Definition
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