Term
| WHICH VITAMINS ARE REQUIRED FOR CALCIFIED STRUCTURES? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| •CAN BE STORED IN THE BODY |
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Term
| WHICH VITAMINS ARE FAT SOLUBLE? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•LIMITED STORAGE
•EASILY EXCRETED |
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Term
| WHICH VITAMINS ARE WATER SOLUBLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| VITAMINS ARE ____________________________ |
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Definition
•CATALYSTS FOR ALL METABOLIC REACTIONS
•NEEDED IN VERY SMALL AMOUNTS
•ESSENTIAL |
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Term
| VITAMINS MUST COME FROM __________________ |
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Definition
| •AN OUTSIDE SOURCE. THEY CANNOT BE PRODUCED IN ADEQUATE AMOUNTS TO MEET BODY NEEDS |
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Term
| DEFICIENCIES ARE _____ IN THE US |
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Definition
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Term
| WHO IS AT POTENTIAL RISK OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES? |
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Definition
•OLDER ADULTS
•LOW-INCOME
•VEGANS
•CHRONIC DISEASE STATES
•ALCOHOLICS / SMOKERS
•PEOPLE UNDER STRESS
•EXCESSIVE CAFFEINE USERS |
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Term
| _____________ IS VITAMIN A SOURCE FROM ANIMALS |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ IS VITAMIN A SOURCE FROM PLANTS |
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Definition
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Term
| VITAMIN A IS REQUIRED FOR __________ AND FACILITATES THE __________________ |
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Definition
•NORMAL BONE GROWTH
•TRANSCRIPTION OF DNA INTO RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| •COMPONENT OF VISUAL PIGMENT |
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Term
| INADEQUATE INTAKE OF VITAMIN A CAN RESULT IN _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•RESORPTION OF OLD AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW BONE
•FORMATION OF AMELOBLASTS AND ODONTOBLASTS
•NORMAL TOOTH SPACING
•PROMOTES OSTEOBLAST FUNCTION IN ALVEOLAR BONE |
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Term
| DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN A DURING PRE-ERUPTION CAN RESULT IN _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| IS SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN A ADVISED? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| •VITAMIN A IS CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER PREVENTION |
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Term
| VITAMIN A IS AN _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE VITAMIN A REQUIREMENTS FOR ADULTS? |
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Definition
•900 UI FOR MEN
•700 UI FOR WOMEN |
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Term
| INCREASED VITAMIN A INTAKE IS NEEDED DURING ___________________ |
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Definition
•PERIODS OF RAPID GROWTH
•GI PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT ITS ABSORPTION
•HEPATIC DISEASES THAT LIMIT ITS STORAGE OR CONVERSION |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME SOURCES OF VITAMIN A? |
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Definition
•MILK
•CHEESE
•BUTTER
•EGGS
•MEAT
•COD LIVER OIL
•FORTIFIED FOODS
•YELLOW, ORANGE, AND LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES |
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Term
| ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF VITAMIN A |
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Definition
•OPTIMAL WHEN STORES ARE DEPLETED
•VITAMIN E AND THYROXINE ENHANCE ABSORPTION |
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Term
| WHERE IS VITAMIN A STORED? |
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Definition
| •90% OF IT IS STORED IN THE LIVER |
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Term
| IS VITAMIN A READILY EXCRETED? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| •DAMAGES CELL MEMBRANES (ESPECIALLY RBC) |
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Term
| OVERCONSUMPTION OF BETA CAROTENES CAN RESULT IN ________________ |
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Definition
| •YELLOW SKIN (ESPECIALLY PALMS AND SOLES) |
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Term
| OVERCONSUMPTION OF VITAMIN A PRECONCEPTION AND DURING THE FIRST TRIMESTER CAN RESULT IN _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| •ARE RARE IN THE US BUT MAJOR PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES |
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Term
| A MILD DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN A RESULTS IN __________________ |
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Definition
| •DEPRESSED IMMUNE RESPONSE |
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Term
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Definition
•DEGENERATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE EYE
•LIDS ARE SWOLLEN AND STICKY WITH PUS
•EYES ARE SENSITIVE TO LIGHT |
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Term
|
Definition
•DEGENERATION OF CELLS (NOT IN THE EYE)
•DRY FLAKY SKIN LIKE DANDRUFF |
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Term
| FOLLICULAR HYPERKERATOSIS |
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Definition
| •SKIN IS THICKENED, DRY, AND WRINKLED (CAN BE CAUSED BY VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY) |
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Term
| A SEVERE DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN A RESULTS IN ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF VITAMIN D? |
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Definition
•HELPS BODY ABSORB AND REGULATE CALCIUM
•MINERALIZATION OF BONES AND TEETH
•REGULATION OF BLOOD CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS |
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Term
| VITAMIN D MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE FUNCTIONING OF CELLS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN: |
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Definition
•HEMATOPOIESIS
•THE SKIN
•CARDIO FUNCTION
•IMMUNE RESPONSES
•REGULATES SERUM CALCIUM |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR VITAMIN D IN ADULTS? |
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Definition
•IOM DETERMINED THAT 5 ug (MICROGRAMS) IS ADEQUATE FOR ADULTS YOUNGER THAN 51
•RECOMMENDED AMOUNT INCREASES WITH AGE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME SOURCES OF VITAMIN D? |
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Definition
•SUNLIGHT
•OILY FISH AND FORTIFIED FOODS, LIKE MILK |
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Term
| OPTIMAL ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN D OCCURS WHEN: |
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Definition
| •CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS ARE PRESENT IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF VITAMIN D TOXICITY? |
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Definition
•NAUSEA / VOMITING
•POOR APPETITE
•WEIGHT LOSS
•CONSTIPATION
•WEAKNESS |
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Term
| VITAMIN D TOXICITY CAN INCREASE BLOOD LEVELS OF _____________, CAUSING ___________________ |
|
Definition
•CALCIUM
•CONFUSION AND ARRHYTHMIAS (HEART RHYTHM ABNORMALITIES) |
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Term
|
Definition
•VITAMIN D POISONING
•CAN CAUSE ENHANCED BONE RESORPTION, DEPOSITS IN SOFT TISSUES, IRREVERSIBLE KIDNEY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE |
|
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Term
| VITAMIN D TOXICITY IS ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT PERCENT OF NORTH AMERICANS ARE LACKING IN VITAMIN D? |
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Definition
•50 - 60 OF ADULTS
•42% OF ADOLESCENTS |
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Term
|
Definition
•USUALLY OCCURS IN CHILDREN 1-3 YEARS OLD
•CAUSES WEAK BONES AND SKELETAL DEFORMITIES
•ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA HAS BEEN SEEN IN SOME RICKETS PATIENTS |
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Term
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Definition
•ADULT RICKETS
•DECREASED BONE MINERALIZATION (WHICH LEADS TO PAIN AND WEAKNESS) |
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Term
| VITAMIN D DEFICIENCIES CAN LEAD TO __________________ |
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Definition
•OSTEOPOROSIS
•MAYBE CANCER AND CARDIO RISKS (STUDIES INCONCLUSIVE) |
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Term
| VITAMIN E IS THE MOST IMPORTANT _________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN E CAN LEAD TO _______________ |
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Definition
•IMPROVED IMMUNE RESPONSE IN OLDER PATIENTS
•INCREASED PROSTAGLANDINS |
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Term
| VITAMIN E CAN SERVE AS AN ________________ IF TAKEN IN LARGER AMOUNTS |
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Definition
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Term
| HUMANS USE ONLY THE __________________ FORM OF VITAMIN E |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RDA OF VITAMIN E? |
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Definition
| •15 MG/DAY (HIGH INTAKES OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS WILL INCREASE THE REQUIREMENT) |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE UI OF VITAMIN E? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT IS THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME SOURCES OF VITAMIN E? |
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Definition
•VEGETABLE OILS
•WHOLE GRAINS AND FORTIFIED CEREALS
•WHEAT GERM
•NUTS, SEEDS
•GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
•SOME FRUITS |
|
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Term
| ON FOOD LABLES, A DV OF 30 LUS = _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN E RANGES FROM __ TO __ IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS |
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Definition
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Term
| WHO BENEFITS FROM SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN E? |
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Definition
•INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADULTS WHO CAN'T ABSORB FAT
•PEOPLE WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
•SMOKERS
•PEOPLE ON EXTREMELY LOW-FAT DIETS |
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Term
| VITAMIN K IS _______-SOLUBLE |
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Definition
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Term
| VITAMIN K ACTS AS A ___________________ |
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Definition
| •CATALYST FOR SYNTHESIS OF BLOOD CLOTTING PROTEINS, PRIMARILY BY MAINTAINING PROTHROMBIN LEVELS |
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Term
|
Definition
•THE FIRST STAGE IN FORMING AN INSOLUBLE CLOT
•A DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN IMPAIRED BLOOD COAGULATION |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN K? |
|
Definition
•MEN - 120 MICROGRAMS
WOMEN - 90 MICROGRAMS |
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Term
| VITAMIN K IS DERIVED FROM ________________ |
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Definition
| •FOOD AND MICROFLORA IN THE GUT |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME SOURCES OF VITAMIN K? |
|
Definition
•LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES
•MEATS AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
•BACTERIAL FLORA IN SMALL INTESTINE BUT THEY DO NOT PROVIDE ENOUGH ALONE |
|
|
Term
| NOT ENOUGH VITAMIN K CAN ALTER ________________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ____ TO ____ PERCENT OF THE VITAMIN K ABSORBED IS EXCRETED VIA BIAL |
|
Definition
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Term
| ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN K ______________ WITH ______________ SUPPLEMENTATION |
|
Definition
| •DECREASES WITH VITAMIN K SUPPLEMENTATION |
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Term
| WHERE IS VITAMIN K STORED? |
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Definition
| •SOME IS STORED IN THE LIVER, SOME IS COMBINED IN LIPOPROTEINS |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY OF VITAMIN K? |
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Definition
| •NO TOXICITY HAS EVER BEEN REPORTED FOR ORAL INTAKE OF VITAMIN K |
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Term
| WHAT MAY CAUSE DEFICIENCIES OF VITAMIN K? |
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Definition
•DISEASE OR DRUG THERAPY
•IT IS COMMON IN CELIAC DIEASE AND OTHER DIARRHEAL DISEASES |
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Term
| LOW VITAMIN K INTAKE HAS BEEN LINKED TO ______________ |
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Definition
| •REDUCED BONE MASS DENSITY IN WOMEN |
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Term
| WHY MIGHT NEWBORNS BE GIVEN A DOSE OF VITAMIN K AFTER BIRTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| VITAMIN C IS IMPORTANT IN THE PRODUCTION OF ___________ WHICH MAKE ____________ |
|
Definition
| •FIBROBLASTS WHICH MAKE COLLAGEN |
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Term
| VITAMIN C STRENGTHENS ___________ AND PROMOTES ___________________ |
|
Definition
| •TISSUES AND PROMOTES CAPILLARY INTEGRITY |
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Term
| VITAMIN C FACILITATES DEVELOPMENT OF _______________ BY _________________ |
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Definition
| •RED BLOOD CELLS BY ENHANCING IRON ABSORPTION |
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Term
| VITAMIN C AFFECTS IMMUNE RESPONSE BECAUSE OF _____________________ |
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Definition
| •HIGH CONCENTRATION IN THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS |
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Term
| VITAMIN C FUNCTIONS AS AN ________________ |
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Definition
| •ANTIOXIDANT TO PROTECT CELLS AND TISSUES AGAINST DAMAGE CAUSED BY FREE RADICALS, TOXIC CHEMICALS, AND POLLUTANTS |
|
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Term
| VITAMIN C HAS A ______________ FUNCTION IN THE _______________ |
|
Definition
| •COENZYMATIC FUNCTION IN THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR VITAMIN C? |
|
Definition
•MEN - 90MG / DAY
WOMEN - 75MG / DAY |
|
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Term
| VITAMIN C MAY NEED TO BE INCREASED DURING TIMES OF __________________ |
|
Definition
| •STRESS, HEALING, AND INFECTIONS |
|
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Term
| VITAMIN C IS DETRIMENTALLY AFFECTED BY _________________ |
|
Definition
•DRUGS LIKE TOBACCO, BCPs, AND ASPIRIN
•SMOKERS NEED AN ADDITIONAL 35MG / DAY |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE UL FOR VITAMIN C? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE SOURCES FOR VITAMIN C? |
|
Definition
| •PAPAYA (HIGHEST) CITRUS FRUITS, PEPPERS, BROCCOLI, PEACHES, CABBAGE (LEAST), POTATOES, TOMATOES |
|
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Term
| WHAT IS THE TERM FOR VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| AMERICANS GENERALLY _____________ THE RDA FOR VITAMIN C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT GROUPS OF PEOPLE ARE AT RISK FOR VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY? |
|
Definition
•SMOKERS
•PEOPLE WHO DON'T TAKE SUPPLEMENTS
•NON-HISPANIC BLACK MEN
(ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAM SURVEY) |
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Term
| INADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF VITAMIN C DURING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT CAN CAUSE ___________ |
|
Definition
•SCORBUTIC CHANGES IN TEETH
•AMELOBLASTS AND ODONTOBLASTS ATROPHY (WASTING AWAY) |
|
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Term
| __________ CAN BE CAUSED BY VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY |
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Definition
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