Term
Problems With The Old Food Pyramid |
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Definition
- doesn't distinguish between good and bad fat
- doesn't distinguish between good and bad carbohydrates
- eating isnt everything
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Term
| Changes To the Food Pyramid |
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Definition
added moderate alcohol
vitamin supplements |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down of nutrients to release energy |
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Term
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Definition
| using the energy to build up |
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Term
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Definition
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1L of water by 1 degree celcius
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Term
How much energy is lost as heat?
How much is trapped in phosphate bonds on ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
Energy Available from
carbohydrates
protein
fat
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Definition
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Term
Energy Expeniture
(4 ways)
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Definition
1. BMR (50%)
2. Exercise (20%)
3. Thermic Effect of Food (10 %)
4. Facultative Thermogenesis (10-15%) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy required when a person is at rest |
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Term
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Definition
energy used when food is digested and absorbed
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Term
| Facultative Thermogenesis |
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Definition
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Term
"Brown Adipose Tissue"
Where?
What?
Why? |
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Definition
Where- babies and hybernating animals
What- lots of mitochondria and TG(FA)
Why- heat generation |
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Term
| Carbohydrates are digested into ___________ and ultimately converted to _________ |
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Definition
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Term
Lipids are digested into (2 things)
OR
absorbed as (2 things) |
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Definition
digested-- FA, and glycerol (TG)
absorbed-- cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
| Proteins are digested into? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 things glucose can do... |
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Definition
stored as glycogen (liver and muscle)
stored as triglyceride (adipose fat tissue)
used for energy |
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Term
| Dietary Triglycerides can be used what three ways? |
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Definition
- stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue
- utilized for membrane synthesis
- used for energy
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Term
| 3 things Amino Acids can do.... |
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Definition
- used for protein synthesis
- used as energy
- stored as fat (in excess)
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Term
| What two dietary substances are interconvertable into fats? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glucose, fructose, galactose |
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Term
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Definition
| sucrose, lactose, maltose |
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Term
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Definition
plant starchs, flour, breads, pastas
(glucose polymers) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Insoluable fiber includes... |
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Definition
cellulose (CH2O)- plant cell wall
non CH20 ligins -wood |
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Term
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Definition
| bind cholesterol (bile salts) |
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Term
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Definition
increase stool bulk
decreases colonic transit time |
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Term
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Definition
| how close amino acid composition of dietary protein matches our bodies protein needs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Omega 3 Fatty acids in diet come from... |
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Definition
SMASH
salmon, mackerel, anchovies, sardines, herring |
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Term
| Trans-unsaturated fat effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Things that lower serum cholestrol |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two hormonal controls of weight |
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Definition
grhelin=hunger, stomach
leptin=fullness, adipose tissue |
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Term
| Modest Weight gains effects on apipocytes |
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Definition
| changes there size not there number |
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Term
| Which fruit shaped fat causes greater risk? |
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Definition
| apple, upper body obesity |
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Term
| Vegetarians usually have dificiencies of what things |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| essential organic compounds that humans can not synthesize |
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Term
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Definition
B3
carries energetic e- to ETS for ATP production |
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Term
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Definition
| pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia) |
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Term
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Definition
carries energetic e- to ETS for ATP production; business end of FAD and FMN
B2 |
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Term
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Definition
buisness end of CoA
carries activated acyl groups |
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Term
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Definition
B1
oxidative decarboxylatoin of keto acids |
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Term
| Deficiency of Thiamine causes |
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Definition
beriberi- polished rice diets
wernike-karsakoff syndrome- alcholics |
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Term
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Definition
B6
cofactor for transaminases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Asorbic Acid deficiency causes |
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Definition
| scurvy to defective collogen/connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency of Folic Acid causes |
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Definition
megaloblastic anemia
neural tube defects in babies |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate Hb in blood due to inadequate nutrient supply |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for conversion of homocysteine to metionine |
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Term
| Deficiencies of Cobalamin (B12) cause |
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Definition
pernicious anemia (deficiency of intrinsic factor)
dementia
spinal degredation |
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Term
| Folate and B12 required to regenerate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fat soluable vitamins absorbed with |
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Definition
| lipids- bile salts required |
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Term
| Deficiencies of fat-soluable vitamins from |
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Definition
malnutrition
malabsorption syndromes
lipase inhibitors
olestra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
reproductive maintenance
visual pigment
acne/psoriasis treatment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| leafy greens, egg yolks, liver, bacterial synthesis in gut |
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Term
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Definition
| used to make clotting factor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vegetable oils, eggs, liver |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| What vitamin is an antioxidant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sterols with hormone-like functions |
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Term
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Definition
| sunglight, plants, animal foods |
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Term
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Definition
| manitains adequate plasma calcium |
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Term
Deficiency of Vitmain D
in children?
adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
electrolyte balance
neurotransmission
muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
electrolyte balance
HCL (counter ion for H+) |
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Term
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Definition
electrolyte balance
neurotransmission
muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
bones and teeth
nuerotransmitter
muscle contraction
blood clotting
2nd messanger signaling |
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Term
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Definition
bones and teeth
phospholipids
phosphate buffer |
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Term
| Zn trace mineral used for |
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Definition
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Term
| Trace Minerals are usually |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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