Term
| glucose, fructose, galactose are all |
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Definition
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Term
| sucrose, lactose, maltose |
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Definition
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Term
| starch, glycogen, dextrans, and fibers are |
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Definition
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Term
| provides a food storage system. not a significant food source. |
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Definition
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Term
| an energy source for caries producing bacteria such as Strep Mutans |
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Definition
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Term
| alternative sweetener. sugar alcohol. nutritive sweetener. absorbed slowly in the small intestines. *antimicrobial - strep mutans are attracted |
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Definition
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Term
| alternatuve sweetener. artificial sweetener. nonnutritive. adverse effects: headaches, dizziness, seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| normal blood glucose levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 1 or Type 2 is insulin dependent diabetes? |
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Definition
Type 1 - Insulin Dependant
Type 2 - Non insulin dependent (90%) |
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Term
low blood glucose levels. shaky, dizzy, sweaty,headache, hunger, lightheaded.
*palpitations - NOT a lowered heart rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| amino acids that the body CANNOT synthesize. must obtain from diet. (9) |
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Definition
| essential (indispensible) amino acids |
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Term
| amino acids that the body synthesizes as long as nitrogen is present. not required in the diet. (11) |
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Definition
| non essential (dispensible) amino acids |
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Term
| foods that consist of all 9 essential amino acids in the sufficient amounts. sources include animal foods (fish, meat, eggs, cheese, milk) and soybeans |
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Definition
| complete proteins (high quality) |
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Term
| digestion of proteins begins in the |
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Definition
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Term
inborn error of metabolism
liver cannot metabolise essential amino acids
must restrict phenylalanine in the diet (just enough to support normal growth)
avoid aspartame (nutrasweet/equal) |
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Definition
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Term
CHRONIC condition
protein and calorie deficiency
muscles waste and weaken - NO EDEMA
6-18 months in impoverished nations |
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Definition
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Term
ACUTE condition
severe protein decifciency
18 months to 2 years EDEMA in legs, aabs face
delayed eruption and hypoplasia of teeth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
prevents night blindness
maintains normal mucous membranes
sources: retinols in animal foods, orange/yellow and dark green fruits and vegetables |
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Definition
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Term
| functions as a hormone. assists in absorption of calcium and phosphorous |
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Definition
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Term
| formation and mineralization of teeth and bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| deficiency of vitamin D in children. softening of bones due to failure to calcify normally. (look like got off of a horse). bowed legs, enlarged head, deformed pelvis. |
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Definition
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Term
| deficiency of vitamin D in adults. |
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Definition
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Term
| tool in the battle against cancer and heart attack. tocopherol. |
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Definition
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Term
function: preserve fats (antioxidant). sources: vegetable oils, green leafy veggies.
Toxicity: Interferes with blood coagulation vitamin K |
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Definition
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Term
functions: aids in the formation of blood clotting factor prothrombin and helps increase bone density.
sources: green leafy vegetables and synthesized by intestine |
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Definition
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Term
b + c
easily absorbed and excreted, toxicity unlikely
deficiency of these vitamins affects the mouth (cheilosis, glossitis) |
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Definition
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Term
function: helps provide energy to the brain, heart, CNS.
nutritional deficiency: Beri Beri (I cant I cant) damages nervous and cardiovascular system. sources: pork, milk, legumes, nuts, peas |
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Definition
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Term
function: growth and RBC production. *PREVENTS CHEILOSIS AND GLOSSITIS* and anemia
source: milk, green veggies, legumes, nuts
properties: sensisitive to light |
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Definition
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Term
function: RNA and DNA synthesis
nutritional deficiency: pellagra (rough painful skin. 4d's: dementia, diarrhea, deramitis, death
properties: amino acid tryptophan can be converted to ___
source: meat, fish, green leafy veggies |
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Definition
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Term
function: DNA, RNA, RBC formation
nutritional deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, GLOSSITIS, diarrhea, birth defects (spinal) Spina Bifida
source: liver, dark leafy veggies, OJ |
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Definition
| Folate (folacin, Folic Acid) |
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Term
function: build tissues
nutritional deficiency: in strict vegetarians. *pernicious anemia: weakness, sore tongue, and apathy.
source: animal foods.
can be deficient in 2 ways- intrinsic factor, protein made in stomach need for absorption. extrinsic factor - must be obtained through foods. |
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Definition
| cobalamin (cyanocobalamin B12) |
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Term
function: promote synthesis of protein collagen (connective tissue), acts as antioxidant.
Definiency: *Scurvy: swollen and bleeding gingiva, delayed wound healing
source: strawberries, Broccoli (most of ___), citrous fruits, potatoes,
properties: no extensive storage. smokers and women need 2x more |
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Definition
| vitamin C (ascorbic Acid) |
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Term
most abundant mineral in the body. function: forms and maintains bones and teeth. coagulates blood.
deficiency: Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis
sources: dairy, brocoli, sou |
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Definition
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Term
excess excreted in urine.
properties: contributes to high BP |
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Definition
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Term
function: help manufacture amino acids and hormones.
deficiency: anemia, oral lesions, patchy tongue, brittle bones, fatigue
sources: NOT found in milk. organ meat, beans, nuts |
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Definition
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Term
| function: formation of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
function: helps regulate BMR (thyroid gland)
nutritional deficiency: goiter |
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Definition
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Term
function: wound healing + immune system function
properties: highest concentration in bones.
deficiency: skin disorders
Sources: tofu, seafood, milk, eggs, bread |
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Definition
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