Term
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Definition
| group of chronic diseases when the body does not produce or respond to insulin thus affecting carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism |
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Term
| name 6 possible sx of type 1 DM at dx |
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Definition
lean
polydipsia
polyuria
hyperglycemia
electrolyte disturbances
ketoacidosis |
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Term
| what are 4 other causes of glucose intolerance |
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Definition
-other dz/steroid use (CF, pancreatitis/CA)
-malnutrition
-impaired glucose intolerance
-gestation DM |
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Term
| what is a normal fasting plasma glucose? what is the criteria for DM dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 2 other tests that can be used to dx DM besides fasting plasma glucose? |
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Definition
-plasma glucose >200 mg/dL with sx
-oral glucose tolerance test |
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Term
| What are 5 organ systems affected by DM? |
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Definition
vascular
renal
GI
retinopathy
CVD |
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Term
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Definition
Goal of A1c for non diabetic is 4-6
Goal for diabetic is <7
With A1c is 6, your avg blood sugar is about 126
Fore every 27-28 increase in the glucose level causes A1c to go up a percent |
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Term
| in CHO counting, how many grams of CHO=1 CHO choice? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 5 strategies for DM type 1 management? |
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Definition
-consistent intake
-timing of meals (shouldnt vary meal times any more than 30m-1hr in-between days)
-insulin adjustments
-monitor bg levels
multiple injections (4-6/day depending on insulin type) |
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Term
| what are 7 management strategies for type 2 DM? |
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Definition
-normal BG levels
-normal lipid leves
-weight loss/maintenance
-exercise
-behavior mod
-fat intake
-meds |
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Term
| what are the PRO, fat, CHO, and fiber recommendations for DM pt |
|
Definition
-pRO 0.8 g/kg/day
-FAT: sf <30% of total cals, increase MUFA
-CHO: complex, less simple
-Fiber: 35 g/day |
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Term
| what is the somogyi effect? dawn phenomenon? |
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Definition
-when you have a reactive hyperglycemia from a drop in blood sugar and then trying to compensate too fast
-type 2 DM: high blood sugars in AM |
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Term
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Definition
| low plasma glucose level and have sx and then sx resolve with administration of CHO |
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Term
| which part of the intestines is the work horse of the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary purpose of the large intestine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where does dietary fiber do all its work? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chemotherapy and B deficiencies |
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Term
| glossitis, what causes it? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the tx for chronic esophagitis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Permanent intestinal intolerance to dietary wheat gluten & related proteins
that produces mucosal lesions in genetically susceptible individuals |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms
Diarrhea (Bulky, loose & watery)
Weight Loss (failure to thrive)
Abdominal swelling & bloating w/ excess gas and abdominal pain
Diagnosed with antibody detection and intestinal biopsy |
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Term
| tx for celiac? supplements? |
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Definition
Gluten free diet
Eliminates foods containing wheat, barley, rye, and oats
Supplementation
Calcium
Zinc
VitaminD
Magnesium
?Vitamin B 12 |
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Term
| what is short bowel syndrome? sx? nutritional management? |
|
Definition
jejunal + ileal length of 100-200 cm
-fat malabsorption, diarrhea
-TPN, 3 adaptive stages, dietary strategies |
|
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Term
| how do you treat diverticulosis? -itis? |
|
Definition
-high fiber (20-35 g /day), increased H20 intake
-clear liquids, low residue, surg |
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Term
| hepatitis patients should get more of what and less of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 things to do dietary wise for hepatic steatosis |
|
Definition
-weight loss
-avoid alcohol
-mediterranean diet |
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Term
| what the biggest thing to increase in cirrhosis pts? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the protein requirements for pt with hepatic encephalopathy? what is lactulose? |
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Definition
-start low and increase to what they need
-pts with high ammonia levels are given thie by mouth (or down feeidng tube) makes them malabsorb and gives them diarrhea to lower their ammonia levels when they are extremely encephalopathic |
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Term
| how are pts with acute pancreatitis fed? |
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Definition
| enterally- feeding tube into ligament of trietiz (transpyloric) |
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