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Nutrition Vitamins
KYCOM Block 9
71
Nutrition
Graduate
08/29/2013

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Cards

Term
define vitamin
Definition
complex substance that acts as a regulator coenzyme
Term
define mineral
Definition
part of many cells and enzymes
Term
what are vitamins and minerals classified as
Definition
macronutritnes
Term
what are the fat soluble vitamins
Definition
ADEK
Term
what are the functions of vitamin A (4)
Definition
normal and night vision

health of cells and tissues

protects mouth, stomach, intestine, respiratory, and urinary skin from infection

antioxidant:reduces risk of cancer
Term
what is the clinical presentation of a vitamin A deficiency (10)
Definition
change in night vision
dry eyes, reduced tears
eye sores
itchy or bumpy skin
broken nails
bladder, vaginal, or respiratory infection
fatigue
diarrhea
poor wound healing
Term
what is the functional unit of vitamin A, what are its sources
Definition
betacrotene: red, orange, green fruits and veggies

retinol: while eggs, milk, liver
Term
what is the treatment for a vitamin A deficiency
Definition
betacarotine and retinol supplements
Term
what is the clinical presentation of a vitamin A overdose (7)
Definition
amenorrha
anorexia
bone pain
fatigue
headahce
nost bleed
rash
Term
vitamin B1 functions 2
Definition
take food and turn it into energy for the brain, nerves, and heart
carb break down
Term
signs of a B1 deficiency
Definition
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation
leg and foot cramps, burning feet, leg swelling, foot drop, loss of balance, falling
headache, fatigue, blurred vision
difficulty talking and swallowing, facial weakness
amnesia, memory loss, dementia
rapid heart beat, faintness, difficult urination
Term
why is a B1 deficiency a concern
Definition
it is water soluble so there is little storage
Term
sources of B1 (9)
Definition
fortified cereals
beans, peas, nuts
pork
cheese, milk, eggs
fruit
Term
what inhibits absorption of B1 (3)
Definition
coffee, tea, alcohol
Term
how is a B1 deficiency treated
Definition
supplements
IV
sulfuric smell
Term
what is another name for B1
Definition
thiamine
Term
what is another name for B2
Definition
riboflavin
Term
what are the functions of B2
Definition
produce energy in cells
change tryptophan into niacin
Term
what are are the signs of a B2 deficiency
Definition
cataracts
dry, flaky skin
sore, red tongue
rare
Term
sources od B2
Definition
dairy, egg, meat
leafy greens
grains, offal
Term
inhibitors of B2 absorption
Definition
destoried by UV light (keep milk in non-clear container)
Term
niacin functions
Definition
helps body use sugar and FA
helps enzymes function
helps make energy in cells
Term
niacin deficiency, symptoms and its name
Definition
pallagra

diarrhea, mental distortion, skin issues
Term
sources of niacin
Definition
protein and grain
Term
how is a niacin deficiency treated
Definition
supplements
Term
what are the signs of a niacin toxicity
Definition
excess flushing, rashes, liver damage
Term
what is another name for B12
Definition
cobalamin
Term
what are the 3 functiosn fo B12
Definition
nerve functions
make DNA and RNA
work with folic A to make RBC
Term
what aree the 12 signs of a B12 deficiency
Definition
pernicious anemia
yellow skin and eyes
muscle weakness
burning around mouth

diarrhea, iritability, depression, psychosis, difficulty walking, nerve damage, memory loss, diarrhea
Term
what are the sources of B12 (7)
Definition
fish, liver, kidney, beef, pork, dairy, egg
Term
how is a B12 deficiency treated
Definition
tablet, liquid, sublingual, nasal spary, IM
Term
functions of vitamin C (7)
Definition
collagen production
prevent bruising by keeping capillary walls and vessels firm
absorption of Fr
gum health
wound healing
stimulate antibodies
antioxidant
Term
what is a deficiency in vit C called
Definition
scurvy
Term
what are 7 sources of vitamin C
Definition
citrus fruits, melons, berries, peppers, dark leafy greans, potatoes, tomatoes
Term
what is the treatment for Vit C deficiency
Definition
diet, supplements
Term
what does a vitamin C toxocity look like
Definition
kidney stones, diarrhea
Term
why do smokers need more vit C
Definition
to counteract oxidative damage from nicotine
Term
calcium 5 functions
Definition
bone and teeth (with help of vitamin D)
heart beating, nerve firing, muscle contraction
blood clotting
Term
Calcium deficiency 14
Definition
fracture, loss of tooth, osteopaerosis, brittle hair and nails, difficult swallowing, anxiety, intestinal cramps

osteopania, loss of height, hip of spinal pain, lung spasm, faintness, low BP, iritability
Term
sources of calcium 6
Definition
dairy, soy, rick, juice
fish with bones
leafy green veggies
Term
treatment of calcium deficiency
Definition
supplements, medications
Term
functions of vit D 3
Definition
absorb Ca and P
regluate blood Ca
deposit Ca and P in bones and teeth
Term
deficiency vit D 13
Definition
bone pain, fracture, muscle tics, seizure, arhythmia, cancer

osteomalacia, weak muscles, depression, SAD, loss of balance, falling, hypertension
Term
sources of vit D 6
Definition
sun
fish, egg, liver
dairy, soy
Term
treatment of vit D deficiency
Definition
supplement
Term
vit D toxicity signs
Definition
kidney stones and damage
excess bleeding
Term
functions of folate 5
Definition
mental halth
DNA and RNA production and repair
makes Hb with B12
controls homocystein levels in heart
lowers risk of baby with spina bifidia
Term
signs of folate deficiency 17
Definition
dizzy, SOB, palpatations
swollen tongue and ankles
gum disease, mouth sores
physcosis, changes in vision

fatigue, memory loss, diarrhea, poor appetite, iritability, depression, muscle weakness, difficulty walking
Term
where to find folate 11
Definition
breakfast cereal, bread, pasta, waffles
oranges, green veggies, sprouts
peanuts, soy, peas
liver
Term
how is a folate deficiency treated
Definition
supplements
Term
what what a folate toxicity do
Definition
mask a B12 deficiency which is more dangerous
Term
functionsof vit E
Definition
antioxidant
prevents LDL oxidation
protects from cancer
Term
what can lead to a vitamin E deficiency
Definition
premature low birth weight baby
poor fat absorption (CF)
Term
what does a vit E deficiency look like
Definition
affects nervous system
Term
what are some sources of vit E 8
Definition
vegetable oil, salad dressing, margarine
wheat germ, whole grains, seeds
hazelnuts, almonds
Term
what does a vitamin E toxicity look like
Definition
bleeding risk
can impair vitamin K
Term
4 functions of vitamin K
Definition
makes clotting, blood, bone, and kidney proteins
Term
who gets vitamin K deficiencies
Definition
people who had antibiotics that kill intestinal bacteria
Term
what happens in a vitamin K deficiency
Definition
blood does not clot well
Term
what are some sources of vitamin K 7
Definition
intestinal bacteria
leafy greens, fruit
dairy, eggs
meat
cereal
Term
5 functions of iron
Definition
build RBC
carry O2 in Hb
produce collagen
immune system enzymes
growth and development makes AA
Term
signs of a Fe deficiency 15
Definition
tired, weak, pale, dizzy cold, SOB
difficulty thinking, pica, RLS
swollen tongue

headache, depression, brittle nails, hair loss, appetite loss, leg cramps
Term
sources of Fe (11)
Definition
heme (better absorbed): red meal, offal, fish, chicken turkey egg yolk

non-heme: dark leafy greens, dried fruits, kidney beans, cashews, molasses
Term
what factors are involved in absorbing Fe (3)
Definition
tannins in tea and coffee
oxalic acid in spinach and chocolate
phytic acid in wheat bran and legumes
Term
what is the treatment for an iron deficiency
Definition
iron supplements
vitamin C
Term
hemochromatosis: what is it, what are the complications
Definition
rare genetic ocndition
build up of Fe in body leading to enlarged liver, bronze skin, liver cardiac and organ damage
Term
zinc functions 7
Definition
immune
acid base balance
digestion
growth and development
genetic transport
antioxidant
Term
zinc deficneicy signs
Definition
infection, metalic taste, lip fissures or cracking, prostate issues, irregulat menses, diminished taste and smell, hair loss, deformed nails

anorexia, loss of appetite, poor wound healing, rash, rough skin, lethargy
Term
source of zinc 6
Definition
fish, meat, dairy, legumes, nuts, seeds
Term
treatment of zinc deficiency
Definition
multivitamin or supplements
Term
what happens in a zinc toxicity
Definition
delete Cu
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