Term
|
Definition
| complex substance that acts as a regulator coenzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of many cells and enzymes |
|
|
Term
| what are vitamins and minerals classified as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the fat soluble vitamins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of vitamin A (4) |
|
Definition
normal and night vision
health of cells and tissues
protects mouth, stomach, intestine, respiratory, and urinary skin from infection
antioxidant:reduces risk of cancer |
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical presentation of a vitamin A deficiency (10) |
|
Definition
change in night vision
dry eyes, reduced tears
eye sores
itchy or bumpy skin
broken nails
bladder, vaginal, or respiratory infection
fatigue
diarrhea
poor wound healing |
|
|
Term
| what is the functional unit of vitamin A, what are its sources |
|
Definition
betacrotene: red, orange, green fruits and veggies
retinol: while eggs, milk, liver |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for a vitamin A deficiency |
|
Definition
| betacarotine and retinol supplements |
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical presentation of a vitamin A overdose (7) |
|
Definition
amenorrha
anorexia
bone pain
fatigue
headahce
nost bleed
rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
take food and turn it into energy for the brain, nerves, and heart
carb break down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation
leg and foot cramps, burning feet, leg swelling, foot drop, loss of balance, falling
headache, fatigue, blurred vision
difficulty talking and swallowing, facial weakness
amnesia, memory loss, dementia
rapid heart beat, faintness, difficult urination |
|
|
Term
| why is a B1 deficiency a concern |
|
Definition
| it is water soluble so there is little storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fortified cereals
beans, peas, nuts
pork
cheese, milk, eggs
fruit |
|
|
Term
| what inhibits absorption of B1 (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is a B1 deficiency treated |
|
Definition
supplements
IV
sulfuric smell |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for B1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for B2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of B2 |
|
Definition
produce energy in cells
change tryptophan into niacin |
|
|
Term
| what are are the signs of a B2 deficiency |
|
Definition
cataracts
dry, flaky skin
sore, red tongue
rare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dairy, egg, meat
leafy greens
grains, offal |
|
|
Term
| inhibitors of B2 absorption |
|
Definition
| destoried by UV light (keep milk in non-clear container) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
helps body use sugar and FA
helps enzymes function
helps make energy in cells |
|
|
Term
| niacin deficiency, symptoms and its name |
|
Definition
pallagra
diarrhea, mental distortion, skin issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is a niacin deficiency treated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of a niacin toxicity |
|
Definition
| excess flushing, rashes, liver damage |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for B12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 functiosn fo B12 |
|
Definition
nerve functions
make DNA and RNA
work with folic A to make RBC |
|
|
Term
| what aree the 12 signs of a B12 deficiency |
|
Definition
pernicious anemia
yellow skin and eyes
muscle weakness
burning around mouth
diarrhea, iritability, depression, psychosis, difficulty walking, nerve damage, memory loss, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what are the sources of B12 (7) |
|
Definition
| fish, liver, kidney, beef, pork, dairy, egg |
|
|
Term
| how is a B12 deficiency treated |
|
Definition
| tablet, liquid, sublingual, nasal spary, IM |
|
|
Term
| functions of vitamin C (7) |
|
Definition
collagen production
prevent bruising by keeping capillary walls and vessels firm
absorption of Fr
gum health
wound healing
stimulate antibodies
antioxidant |
|
|
Term
| what is a deficiency in vit C called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 7 sources of vitamin C |
|
Definition
| citrus fruits, melons, berries, peppers, dark leafy greans, potatoes, tomatoes |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for Vit C deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a vitamin C toxocity look like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do smokers need more vit C |
|
Definition
| to counteract oxidative damage from nicotine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone and teeth (with help of vitamin D)
heart beating, nerve firing, muscle contraction
blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fracture, loss of tooth, osteopaerosis, brittle hair and nails, difficult swallowing, anxiety, intestinal cramps
osteopania, loss of height, hip of spinal pain, lung spasm, faintness, low BP, iritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dairy, soy, rick, juice
fish with bones
leafy green veggies |
|
|
Term
| treatment of calcium deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
absorb Ca and P
regluate blood Ca
deposit Ca and P in bones and teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone pain, fracture, muscle tics, seizure, arhythmia, cancer
osteomalacia, weak muscles, depression, SAD, loss of balance, falling, hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sun
fish, egg, liver
dairy, soy |
|
|
Term
| treatment of vit D deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kidney stones and damage
excess bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mental halth
DNA and RNA production and repair
makes Hb with B12
controls homocystein levels in heart
lowers risk of baby with spina bifidia |
|
|
Term
| signs of folate deficiency 17 |
|
Definition
dizzy, SOB, palpatations
swollen tongue and ankles
gum disease, mouth sores
physcosis, changes in vision
fatigue, memory loss, diarrhea, poor appetite, iritability, depression, muscle weakness, difficulty walking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breakfast cereal, bread, pasta, waffles
oranges, green veggies, sprouts
peanuts, soy, peas
liver |
|
|
Term
| how is a folate deficiency treated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what what a folate toxicity do |
|
Definition
| mask a B12 deficiency which is more dangerous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antioxidant
prevents LDL oxidation
protects from cancer |
|
|
Term
| what can lead to a vitamin E deficiency |
|
Definition
premature low birth weight baby
poor fat absorption (CF) |
|
|
Term
| what does a vit E deficiency look like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some sources of vit E 8 |
|
Definition
vegetable oil, salad dressing, margarine
wheat germ, whole grains, seeds
hazelnuts, almonds |
|
|
Term
| what does a vitamin E toxicity look like |
|
Definition
bleeding risk
can impair vitamin K |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes clotting, blood, bone, and kidney proteins |
|
|
Term
| who gets vitamin K deficiencies |
|
Definition
| people who had antibiotics that kill intestinal bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what happens in a vitamin K deficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some sources of vitamin K 7 |
|
Definition
intestinal bacteria
leafy greens, fruit
dairy, eggs
meat
cereal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
build RBC
carry O2 in Hb
produce collagen
immune system enzymes
growth and development makes AA |
|
|
Term
| signs of a Fe deficiency 15 |
|
Definition
tired, weak, pale, dizzy cold, SOB
difficulty thinking, pica, RLS
swollen tongue
headache, depression, brittle nails, hair loss, appetite loss, leg cramps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heme (better absorbed): red meal, offal, fish, chicken turkey egg yolk
non-heme: dark leafy greens, dried fruits, kidney beans, cashews, molasses |
|
|
Term
| what factors are involved in absorbing Fe (3) |
|
Definition
tannins in tea and coffee
oxalic acid in spinach and chocolate
phytic acid in wheat bran and legumes |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for an iron deficiency |
|
Definition
iron supplements
vitamin C |
|
|
Term
| hemochromatosis: what is it, what are the complications |
|
Definition
rare genetic ocndition
build up of Fe in body leading to enlarged liver, bronze skin, liver cardiac and organ damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immune
acid base balance
digestion
growth and development
genetic transport
antioxidant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infection, metalic taste, lip fissures or cracking, prostate issues, irregulat menses, diminished taste and smell, hair loss, deformed nails
anorexia, loss of appetite, poor wound healing, rash, rough skin, lethargy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fish, meat, dairy, legumes, nuts, seeds |
|
|
Term
| treatment of zinc deficiency |
|
Definition
| multivitamin or supplements |
|
|
Term
| what happens in a zinc toxicity |
|
Definition
|
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