Term
|
Definition
| Digestion and absorption are processes that make nutrients in foods available for use by the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-The substances that make up the organs and tissues of your body are constantly changing.
-Tissues are continually renewing themselves.
-Raw materials needed for renewal are the nutrients consumed in foods. |
|
|
Term
| Digestive System: Components |
|
Definition
-25 to 30 feet of muscular tube and secretory organs.
-Secreted juices break foods into absorbable pieces.
-Carbohydrates → glucose and monosaccharides.
-Proteins → amino acids.
-Fats → fatty acids and glycerol.
-Vitamins and minerals are released during digestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ingestion
Digestion: Chemical & Mechanical
Motility: Peristalsis & Segmentation |
|
|
Term
Digestive Processes
-Ingestion |
|
Definition
| process of taking food into the mouth |
|
|
Term
Digestive Processes
-Digestion |
|
Definition
the process through which foods are broken down into smaller and smaller units to prepare nutrients for absorption
-Chemical: breaks molecules apart via digestive secretions, gastric juices, and enzymes
-Mechanical: physically breaks large chunks into small bits |
|
|
Term
Digestive Processes
-Motility |
|
Definition
movement by the muscular components of the digestive tract (peristalsis & segmentation)
Peristalsis: rhythmic, wavelike contractions of muscles
Segmentation: forward and backward muscular action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Over one hundred different enzymes participate in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Digestion is accomplished by enzymes manufactured in the digestive system.
- Salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete these enzymes.
-Enzymes are complex protein substances that speed up reactions that break down food.
-Enzymes are not changed by the chemical reactions they affect.
-They are reusable. |
|
|
Term
| Organs of the Digestive System |
|
Definition
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach (2-6 hours)
-Small intestine (~ 5 hours)
-Large intestine (9-16 hours) |
|
|
Term
Digestion in the mouth
-Chewing
-Saliva |
|
Definition
-Chewing causes glands under the tongue to release saliva.
-Saliva lubricates food so that it can be swallowed.
-Saliva also contains salivary amylase and lipase.
-Amylase breaks down carbohydrates.
-Lipase breaks down fats. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Food is swallowed and passes through the esophagus to the stomach |
|
|
Term
| Stomach to Small Intestine |
|
Definition
| -High-fiber meals pass through the digestive system faster than low-fiber meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Digestion and absorption of nutrients enhanced by villi lining the inside of the intestinal wall. |
|
|
Term
| Small intestine absorption |
|
Definition
-Digestion complete when carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reduced to smaller substances that can be absorbed, and when vitamins and minerals are released.
-Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
-Water, sodium, and some of the end products of bacterial digestion are absorbed from the large intestine. |
|
|
Term
| Large intestine absorption |
|
Definition
-Large intestine is home to many bacteria that use undigested fiber and complex carbohydrates that are not digested by human digestive enzymes.
-These bacteria excrete gas and fatty acids that can be absorbed in large intestine.
-Substances that cannot be absorbed collect in the large intestine and are excreted in the stool. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Heartburn/Gastro esophageal reflux
2) Constipation
3) Diarrhea
4) Vomiting/Reverse peristalsis
5) Intestinal Gas/Flatulence |
|
|
Term
Digestive Disturbances:
-Heartburn/Gastro esophageal reflux |
|
Definition
| return of gastric contents into the esophagus that results in a severe burning sensation under the sternum |
|
|
Term
Digestive Disturbances:
-Constipation |
|
Definition
| straining to pass hard, dry stools; slow movement of feces through colon |
|
|
Term
Digestive Disturbances:
-Diarrhea |
|
Definition
| frequent passing of loose, watery bowel movements (main cause=contaminated water) |
|
|
Term
Digestive Disturbances:
-Vomiting/Reverse peristalsis |
|
Definition
| peristalsis muscles move the contents of the stomach back through the esophagus and forcefully out the mouth |
|
|
Term
Digestive Disturbances:
-Intestinal Gas/Flatulence |
|
Definition
| production and release of gas from the lower intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| Lactose Maldigestion Cause |
|
Definition
| caused by genetically determined low production of enzyme that digests lactose. |
|
|
