Term
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Definition
- Diabetes is related to abnormal utilization of glucose by the body
- The three main forms of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes
- Weight loss and physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in many people |
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Term
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Definition
Insulin – hormone produced by pancreas:
o Functions to lower blood glucose levels
o Facilitates passage of glucose into cells
o Enhances storage of glucose as glycogen in liver/muscle cells
o Enhances storage of excess glucose as fat in adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Cell membranes ‘resist’ the effects of insulin → lowers the glucose transported into cells → leads to elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia)
Common risk factors for insulin resistance
o Obesity
o Low levels of physical activity
o Genetic predisposition |
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Term
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Definition
- Three forms: type 1, type 2, & gestational diabetes
- Type 2 is most common
- In all cases, central defect is an elevated blood glucose level caused by ineffective utilization of insulin/insulin resistance or inadequate supply of insulin |
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Term
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Definition
- Occurs primarily in overweight and obese, inactive people
- Caused by insulin resistance
- Mostly in people over 40
- Increasingly common in children & adolescents
- Genetic component
- May need oral hypoglycemic agents to treat and/or insulin |
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Term
| Managing Type 2 DM with Diet & Exercise |
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Definition
- Weight loss alone improves BG control
- Proper diet crucial |
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Term
| Sugar Intake and Diabetes |
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Definition
- High intakes of simple sugars does not cause diabetes
- Intake of total carbohydrates is most strongly related to blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| - Type 1 diabetes results from a deficiency of insulin – about 5% of all diagnosed DM cases |
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Term
| Gestational Diabetes (GDM) |
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Definition
- 2-10% of women develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy
- GDM usually disappears after delivery |
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Term
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Definition
- Low blood glucose level (rapid heart rate, sweating, weakness, anxiety, hunger)
- True hypoglycemia is rare
- Often related to erratic eating patterns or inadequate intake |
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