Term
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Definition
| nutrition and physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| occupational health, physical health, social health, spiritual health, emotional health |
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Term
| diseases in which nutrition plays SOME ROLE |
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Definition
| osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cancers |
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Term
| diseases with STRONG NUTRITIONAL COMPONENT |
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Definition
| type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity |
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Term
| disease caused by NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES |
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Definition
| pellagra, scurvy, iron deficiency anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals in food that our bodies use for growth and function |
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Term
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Definition
contain carbon, an essential componet of all living organisms,
carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
nutrients that do not contain carbon
minerals and water |
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Term
| nutrients that provide energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nutrients needed in large amounts |
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Term
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Definition
PRIMARY SOURCE of fuel
neurological functioning and exercise
chains of carbon, hydrogem, and oxygen
grains, vegtables, fruits, legumes, seeds, nuts |
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Term
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Definition
insoluble in water; carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,
energy source for rest or low to moderate intense exercise,
stores as adipose (body fat)
provides fat soluble vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
meats, dairy, seeds
supports tissue growth and repair
carbon, hydrogem, oxygen, and nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
organic molecules that assist in regulating the body processes;
maintaining healthy bones/tissues, immune system, healthy vision, NO ENERGY
MICRONUTRIENTS |
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Term
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Definition
inorganic substances required for body processes
regulate fluid and energy production, bone and blood health. |
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Term
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Definition
| a,d,e, and k; toxicity occurs in excess amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| c, b vitamins, excess urinated out |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| iron, zince, copper; need in small amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic nutrients; fluid balance and transport, nerve impulses, body temperature, muscle contractions, excertion |
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Term
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Definition
dietary reference intake: updated nutritional standards; include: EAR, RDA, AI, UL
dietary standards for healthy people |
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Term
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Definition
estimated average requirement;
average intake of nutrient for healthy person
define for RDA |
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Term
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Definition
recommended dietary allowance;
90 percent of population |
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Term
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Definition
adeguate intake: average
upper intake: highest |
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Term
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Definition
| estimated energy requirement; calories need defined by age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges; ranges need for the macronutrients |
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Term
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Definition
carbs: 45-65
fat:20-35
protein: 10-35 |
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Term
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Definition
| weight, height , waist circum |
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Term
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Definition
| lab work, bone density, ct scan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
24 hour recall, food weighing
guessing, memory |
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Term
| calories in 1 gram of macronutrients |
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Definition
fat: 9 cal: 1 tbsp: 15 gra,s
protein: 4 cal; 3 oz
carb: 4 cal; 1 serving: 15 grams |
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Term
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Definition
| when pregenant women eat dirt, etc because they are desperate for calcium |
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Term
| number of servings for each groups |
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Definition
6 grains
3 veg
2 fruit
2 dairy
2 meat/beans |
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Term
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Definition
| person does not consume enough of a nutrient |
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Term
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Definition
| person cannot absorve enough of a nutrient in body; not utilized effectively |
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Term
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Definition
| early stages; few or no symptoms observed |
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Term
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Definition
| hidden and require lab test to detect |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms in nutritional deficiency that are obvious |
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Term
| nutritional label includes |
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Definition
| identity, net content, ingredients, food manufactor, nutrition info: serving size, calories/fat, list of nutrients, daily values, footnot |
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Term
| nutrition information includes |
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Definition
| serving size, calories/fat, nutrient list, daily value percentage, footnote of daily values |
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Term
| significance of percentages |
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Definition
| 20 is significant, less than 5 is not |
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Term
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Definition
| add stuff that you took out |
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Term
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Definition
| add stuff that wasn't in their in the first place |
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Term
| American heart assoication |
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Definition
DASH diet: dietary approach to stop hypertenstion
dash1: satur fat less than 10, sodium is less than 2400
dash 2: sat fat less 7, sodium less than 1500
low sodium, low fat, be active |
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Term
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Definition
| atleast 5 a day fruits and vegs |
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Term
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Definition
| anticancer activity, fruits and vegtables |
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Term
| american diabetes association |
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Definition
less processed grain WHOLE GRAIN
eat fruits and vegtables |
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Term
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Definition
| low fat, more plants, less processed, active |
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Term
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Definition
| food and drug adminstration; grades the food; fda approves means that its proven that the benefits are true |
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Term
| dietary guidelines of america |
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Definition
| us department of agriculutre and health and human services, general advice |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant carbohydrate; plants in photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
one molecules of carbohydrate;
GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE |
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Term
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Definition
two molecules;
LACTOSE, MALTOSE, SUCROSE |
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Term
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Definition
milk sugar,
galactose and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
by product of fermentation;
glucose and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
sugarcane, honey
glucose and fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| contain 3 to 10 monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
thousands of glucose molecules
STARCH, FIBER, GLYCOGEN |
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Term
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Definition
polysaccharide (complex)
glucose in linear structure
amylose: straight gain
amylopectin: branched chain
resistant starch: beta bonds, indigstible, FIBER
SOURCES: grains, legumes, corn |
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Term
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Definition
storage from of glucose in humans
not found in food
stored in liver and muscles
used when no food intake |
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Term
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Definition
long polysaccharide chains;
dietary fiber: non digestible parts of plants
functional fibers: non digestible froms of carbs from plants |
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Term
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Definition
dissolves in water; gel forming
reduction of cardiovascular disease and 2 diabetes
EX: PECTIN
in citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans, bananas
decreases the absoprtion of fat/sugar |
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Term
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Definition
not dissolved in water; cannot be fermented in bacteria of collin;
promotes bowel movements> sweeps gi system
ex:CELLULOSE, LIGNIN
SOURCES: whole grain, crunch vegtables |
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Term
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Definition
mouth: saliva> lubricates/salivary amylase: begins digestion, long chain to short chain "BOLUS"
esophagus: nothing "CHYME"
stomach: NOTHING FOR CARBS
small intest: duodenum: pancreatic amylase>digests to monosaccharides; (matlase/sucrase/lactase)
jejunum/iluem: absoption
ENERGY ONLY ONCE BLOOD>GOES TO LIVER TO MAKE INTO GLUCOSE; EXCESS IS GLYGOGEN |
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Term
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Definition
| no enzymes to break down fiber, some bacteria in large intestine can break it down, sent out in feces |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones control blood glucose levels> insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| from beta cells of pancreas; stimulates glucose transports to take glucose across membrane in blood; stimulates liver to take sugar to glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| made by alpha cells of the pancreas; stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, also GLUCONEOGENSIS: production of glucose from amino acids |
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Term
| epinephrine and nonrepinephrine |
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Definition
secreated by adrenal glans and nerve ending when blood sugar low;
increases glycogen breakdown in liver to release glucose into blood; FIGHT OR FLIGHT REACTIONS |
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Term
| Cortisol and growth hormone |
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Definition
secreted by adrenal glans for liver, muscles and adipose
cortisol increases gluconenogensis and decreases muscle glucose
growth: decreases muscle glucose, increases fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
food potential to raise blood glucose; high: surge in levels then dramatic fall
low: low to moderate fluctuations
NOT EASY TO PREICTC; WEAK RESEARCH |
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Term
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Definition
fat breakdown during fasting forms ketones; excess ketones increase blood acidity and cause KEOTACIDOSIS;
NEED CARBOHYDRATES |
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Term
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Definition
| diet deficient in carbohydrates; body makes its own glucose and the amino acids used won't repair tissues/functions |
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Term
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Definition
major energy source>brain, rbc
fiber: healthy gi tract 25-30 g |
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Term
| how much carbs do we need? |
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Definition
amdr: 45-65%
130 grams a day |
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Term
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Definition
sucrose fructose, honey, brown sugar: 4 cals
slow absorbing sugar alcohols: 2-3 g |
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Term
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Definition
| no energy: saccharin, sucralose, truvia, stevia plant |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to regulate blood, |
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Term
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Definition
| type 1: 10%, no production of insulin, hyperglcemia, insulin injections |
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Term
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Definition
insulin insensitivity: cells less responsive to insulin
metabolic syndrome: adult onset diabetes not in children
genetics, obesisty, exercise, lifestyle |
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Term
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Definition
low blood gluocse: shakiness, sweating, anxiety
reactive hypoglycemia: too much insulin after carb
fasting hypoglycemia: too much insulin after not eating |
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Term
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Definition
| no enzyme lactase to digest lactose;NOT A MILK ALLERGY |
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