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Nutrition Pediatrics
CSM Nursing Pediatric Nutrition
58
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/07/2016

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Cards

Term
How long does it take for breast milk to mature?
Definition
2 weeks for breast milk to mature
Term
What are the two types of breast milk?
Definition
1. Foremilk (beginning feeding)
2. Hindmilk (higher in fat, at end of feeding)
Term
What are macro nutrients?
Definition
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Term
What are micro nutrients?
Definition
Minerals, vitamins
Term
When should a women not breast feed?
Definition
1. Undergoing breast cancer treatment
2. HIV positive
Term
What are the Caloric requirements for newborns?
Definition
100 kcal/kg/day
Term
How much fluid should a child receive?
Definition
64-73ml/lb/day
Term
How many Calories are in formula?
Definition
20 Cal/oz
Term
What hormone is released in the mother when a baby sucks on the breast?
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
What hormone is responsible for milk production?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
What vitamin should be supplemented to all children?
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
What Labs should be monitored when assessing nutritional status?
Definition
1. Hematocrit
2. Glucose
3. Fasting insulin
4. Lipids
5. Liver & Renal Function
-Albumin/Pre-albumin
-Glomerular Filtration Rate(GFR)
-Serum Creatinine
-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Term
What should be used to asses dietary intake?
Definition
1. 24-hour food recall
2. Food questionnaire
3. Dietary screening hx
4. Food diary
Term
How long does it take for an infant to double its weight?
Definition
4-5 months
Term
How long does it take for an infant to triple its weight?
Definition
1 year
Term
How much weight should an infant gain per day if on formula?
Definition
1 oz per for the 1st six months
Term
How much weight should the infant gain if solely on breast milk?
Definition
1/2 oz per day
Term
How long is it recommended to keep an infant solely on breast milk?
Definition
first 6 months
Supplement food from 6-12 months
Term
When can and infant start eating solids?
Definition
Introduce grains from 4-6 months
Term
What are some tips for introducing solids?
Definition
1. intro veggies before fruits
2. into new foods every 3-4 days
Term
What are some foods you should avoid giving an infant?
Definition
1. wheat
2. nuts
3. fish
Term
When should a child begin using a cup?
Definition
At 8 or 9 months
Term
What is an appropriate portion size for toddlers?
Definition
1 tbsp of food per year of age ie: 1 tbsp carbs, 1 tbsp protein, 1 tbsp fat
Term
How many meals should a toddler have per day?
Definition
(5) A toddler should have a breakfast, lunch, and dinner with a snack between each meal
Term
At what developmental level should a child learn to eat with others?
Definition
Toddler
Term
How much fruit juice should be allowed for a toddler per day?
Definition
4-6 oz
Term
How should a toddler self feed?
Definition
With utensils and/or fingers
Term
What can be expected when assessing a toddlers appetite and growth?
Definition
The child's metabolism slows down as well as the growth rate (physiological anorexia). The child's brain will regulate their appetite and need to eat. As a result the child's appetite decreases.
Term
How can you describe the growth of a preschooler?
Definition
Slow & steady
Term
What is it called when a child only wants to eat one type of food?
Definition
Food jags
Term
What is a way to introduce new foods to preschool age child?
Definition
Have the child assist with food preparation and table setting.
Term
How much juice should a preschool age child be limited to?
Definition
12 oz per day
Term
What are important nutritional concepts for a parent to share with a preschool age child?
Definition
1. Safety in the kitchen
2. Teeth brushing
3. Dentist visits
4. Limiting fast food
Term
How can you describe the growth of a school age child?
Definition
Growth is steady until pre-adolescent growth spurt
Term
What can you expect a school age child to understand as far as nutrition?
Definition
1. How to prepare simple meals
2. Choose healthy foods
Term
When should meals be introduced as a social event?
Definition
Preschooler
Term
What type of conversations should a family avoid during mealtime?
Definition
Conversations that involve criticism of the child. This may deter the child from wanting to participate in family dinners.
Term
What are 2 important tasks that parent should be monitoring in school age children?
Definition
1. Child's food choices
2. Teeth brushing and flossing
Term
What are 2 nursing interventions that should be conducted during a child's hospitalization regarding nutrition?
Definition
1. Allow for food choices
2. Screen for obesity risk factors
Term
How can you describe the growth of a adolescent?
Definition
Rapid growth that requires many Calories
Term
How much bone mass is accumulated during adolescence and what should be avoided?
Definition
40% of bone mass is accumulated. Soda should be avoided because the phosphate from the soda bonds with calcium needed for bone growth.
Term
What is a nursing interventions regarding Adolescent nutrition?
Definition
Guidance about healthy food choices
Term
Who often influences in an adolescent food choices?
Definition
Food choices are often influenced by peers
Term
How much fat should be included in a healthy diet? How much saturated fat?
Definition
25-35% no more than 10% from saturated fat
Term
What are 5 factors that contribute to child obesity?
Definition
1. Activity levels
2. Television viewing
3. Dietary fat
4. Snacking
5. Video game usage
Term
What is a common disease associated with child obesity?
Definition
Type II diabetes
Term
What are 5 common agents that cause food-borne illnesses?
Definition
1. Campylobacter
2. Salmonella
3. Shigella
4. Rotavirus
5. E. coli
Term
What fish are common sources of mercury poisoning?
Definition
1. shellfish
2. sharks
3. tilefish
4. swordfish
Term
What are 2 causes that put children at greater risk for severe food-borne illness?
Definition
1. Immature gastrointestinal system
2. Immature immune system
Term
What are common nutrient deficiencies?
Definition
1. Iron
2. Calcium
3. Vitamin D
4. Folic Acid
Term
What is pica?
Definition
It is a eating disorder that consists of an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive, such as paper, clay, drywall or paint, metal, chalk, soil, glass, or sand
Term
What are potential causes for Anorexia Nervosa?
Definition
Stress, controlling parents without emotions, mothers talking about their bodies all the time, peers, media
Term
What is anorexia nervosa?
Definition
An self-inflicted eating disorder that prevents an individual from maintaining a level of 75%-85% of their expected body weight.
Term
What are ways to inflict anorexia?
Definition
Excessive exercise, laxatives, diuretics, bulemia
Term
What is lanugo?
Definition
Very soft, fine hair found on a newborn. Can also be a result of anorexia where small white hair can be found all over the extremities.
Term
What are some symptoms of anorexia?
Definition
Dry skin, difficulty concentrating, hair loss, diarrhea, constipation, lanugo, abnormal blood counts, irregular heart rhythms, rapid weight loss, absent menstruation, hair loss/thinning, electrolyte imbalance, withdraw from family and friends
Term
Goals for treatment of anorexia
Definition
1. Weight gain
2. Maintain adequate fluid volume
3. Improved self esteem
4. Intake of nutrients
5. Use of counseling
Term
Assessment of Anorexia
Definition
1. Family hx
2. Eating/exercise patterns
3. Orthostatic vitals
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