Term
| what does obesity increase the risk for (6) |
|
Definition
heart disease
hypertension
stroke
DM2
cancer
premature death |
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Term
| how does adult obesity affect lifestyle |
|
Definition
decreases quality of life
social stigma
discrimination |
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|
Term
| what does healthy weight depend and not depend on |
|
Definition
differs from someone of same height, gender, and age
depends on height, size, frame, and metablic rate |
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Term
| overall, why doesnt dieting work metabolically |
|
Definition
| it decreases metabolic rate so it makes it worse because it just goes back to the old rate |
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Term
| apple shaped: where is the fat located, what problems is it associated with (4) |
|
Definition
abdominal and upper body
increased diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, HTN |
|
|
Term
| pear shaped: where is the fat, what diseases associated |
|
Definition
hips, butt, thighs
not as risky |
|
|
Term
| what waist circumference in males and females indicates risk, where is it measured |
|
Definition
>35 in female
>40 in male
around umbilicus or half way between top of hip and bottom of ribs |
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|
Term
| scientific calorie defintion |
|
Definition
| amount of energy needed to raise the temp of a gram of water by one deg C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of nergy in food and the energy the body uses |
|
|
Term
| what foods have calories, what dont |
|
Definition
protein, fat, carbs, and alcohol do
vitamins, minerals, water, cholesterol, and fiber dont |
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|
Term
| 1 lb body fat = ?? calories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the benifit of foods with water in them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define BMR, what percent of energy does it use |
|
Definition
basal metabolic rate
energy needed for body's basic processes
(heart, lungs, brain)
60% of energy needs |
|
|
Term
| how much energy does digestion and minimal physical activity use |
|
Definition
10% digestion
30% activity |
|
|
Term
| compare the energy needs based on age |
|
Definition
infant: very high
adolescent: high
adult: BMR decreases 2% every 10 years |
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|
Term
| why does adult BMR decrease over time |
|
Definition
| body composition, hormones, decreased activity, decreased muscle mass |
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|
Term
| what are the stats regarding nature vs nuture for obesity |
|
Definition
obears parent: child 40% risk
2 obease parents: child 80% risk |
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|
Term
| what are risk factors for obesity |
|
Definition
cancer: uterine, breast, colorectal, kidney, gallbladder
heart disease
stroke
Htn
gallbladder disease
osteoarthritis
sleep apnea
DM
hypercholesterolemia
menstural irregularities
excess body or facial hair
stress incontinence
psych issues
increased surgical risk |
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|
Term
| what are the main goals for concuring obesity |
|
Definition
set priorities
measurable
attainable
realistic
time |
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|
Term
| what are the benifits of activity in an obease person |
|
Definition
maintain muscle
loose body fat
increase BmR (can continues after)
supress appetite
stress relief |
|
|
Term
| what does "calorie free" really mean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does "low calorie" really mean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does "reduced calories" really mean |
|
Definition
| 25% fewer than standard serving of traditional food |
|
|
Term
| what does "light" really mean |
|
Definition
| 1/3 fewer calories or 50% less fat than standard serving of traditional food |
|
|
Term
| what are the overll downsides of fad diets |
|
Definition
expensive
weight regain
feeling of failure
damage to health |
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|
Term
| bad things about low carb high protein |
|
Definition
high fat which means cholesterol risk
low fiber causes constipation
ketosis from fat breakdown breaks down mucle, weakness, nausea, dehydration, light headaches, irritability
excessive protein stresses kidneys |
|
|
Term
| how does low carb high protein diet work |
|
Definition
rapid weight loss due to glycogen and water depletion
ketosis decreases appetite |
|
|
Term
| what is wrong with VLCD diet |
|
Definition
not balanced, no nutrition teaching, not long term weight loss
fatuige, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, hair loss |
|
|
Term
| what is wrong with otc pills for weight loss |
|
Definition
| not long term, addictive, dosent change lyfestyle, potential heart and nerve damage |
|
|
Term
| how do otc weight loss pills work |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| orlistat: MOA, side effects |
|
Definition
decreases fat absorption
steatorrhea, anal leakage, decreases absorption of fat soluble vitamins |
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|
Term
| blood type diet, what should each eat, what is the premise, why does it suck |
|
Definition
A: vegatarian
O: protein, less grains and nuts
B: low protein and fat, avoid wheat corn
AB: seafood, tofu, dairy, fruit, veggies, avoid meat
blood type determines susceptibility to illness
lack of evidence |
|
|
Term
| what is the plan in Jenny Craig, what is the problem |
|
Definition
50-60% carbs, 20-25% protein, 20-25% fat
phone support
calorie based, protein controlled
takes away lifestyle change |
|
|
Term
| what is the plan in nutrisystem and problem |
|
Definition
55% carbs, 25% protein, 20% fat
low sodium, low fat, whole grain
based on glycemic index (good vs bad carbs)
1200 calories for females
1500 calories for males
phone support
supplement with fruits and veggies
does not teach new behaviors |
|
|
Term
| what is the plan in south beach |
|
Definition
healthy fats, low GI carbs, no calorie counting, normal portions
2 week no carb intro
veggies, whole grains, fruit, lean protein |
|
|
Term
| what is the plan in the zone diet and the problem |
|
Definition
30% protein, 30% fat, 40% carbs
protein at every meal
good carbs: veggies fruit, whole grains
bad carvs: brown rice, pasta, mango, banana, cereal, tortilla, carrot
dosent make sense |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of carbs, give examples |
|
Definition
simple: surgery, sweet, honey, juice
complex: takes time to break down, bread, grains |
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|
Term
| what happens to excess glucose |
|
Definition
| stored as glycogen in liver or skeletal muscle then excess beyond that as fat |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of glycogen |
|
Definition
| maintain constant glucose levels between meals, muscle glycogen is exercise fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preserve muscle, immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| satiety, flavor, protect organs and bone, insulates, carrier for fat soluble vitamins |
|
|
Term
| what are the essential FA, what do they do |
|
Definition
linoleic: normal growth in kids, healthy skin
a-linolenic: converts to omega 3. brain and nervous system function
omega 3: in oily fish, nuts, flaxseed, soy bean, and canola oil. decreases cholesterol and TG |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of fats |
|
Definition
| saturated, trans, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, omega 3, linoleic, a-linoleic, plant sterols |
|
|
Term
| where is saturated and trans fat found, why are they bad |
|
Definition
increase cholesterol, cause heart disease and heart attacks
fried food, meat skin and fat, ground beed, pepperoni, sausage, salami, mayo,whole milk, cake |
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|
Term
| where are polyunsaturated and monosaturated fat found, what do they do |
|
Definition
tub margarine, olive oil, canola oil
decrease cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bind cholesterol and reduce LDL
granola bars, vegetable oil, spreadable margarine, fortigied orange juice |
|
|
Term
| plateau: why does this happen in a diet |
|
Definition
it is normal
how body plays catch up with the weight loss process
variety needed |
|
|
Term
| when perscribing a diet what should you keep in mind (6) |
|
Definition
encourage healthy lifestyle changes
celebrate small and large changes
plateau in weight loss is normal
average calories for weight loss
encourage food journals
balance foods |
|
|
Term
| what are the average calories for weight loss, how should they be perscribed |
|
Definition
1200-1600 for females
1600-2000 for males
perscribe in 200 calorie intervals |
|
|
Term
| how is portion size judged |
|
Definition
food pyramid
3-4 oz meat = deck of cards
1 cup = baseball
1 tsp = tip of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eat off smaller plate
read food labels
increase fiber for satiety
moderation
limit alcohol
dont skip meals
mindful eating
plates, bowls or snack bags
slow eating
to go boxes
distraction techniques
avoid bad influences |
|
|
Term
| what causes heart disease |
|
Definition
strong genetic link
primary problem with fat (linolenic, a-linolenic acid, omega 3) |
|
|
Term
| what is the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for high cholesterol (10) |
|
Definition
decrease LDL and TG, increase HDL
decrease saturated and trans fats
cholesterol max 200md/d
increasy dietary omega 3
50-75g fat per day
increase fiber: more than half of grains whole grains
more plant based means: beans, soy, tofu
be a healthy weight
be activy
increase plant sterols
limit fast food |
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