Term
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Definition
| required for optimal vision; retinoic acid essential for cellular growth and differentiation, also required for cell-mediated & antibody-mediated immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain serum calcium & phosphorus levels;multiple possible functions through regulation of gene expression |
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Definition
| antioxidant in cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| cofactor for proteins involved in coagulation & some bone-associated proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| night blindness, stages of xerophthalmia immune dysfunction 7 poor growth |
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Term
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Definition
| nausea, vomiting, headache, bright red gingiva |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is rare. kidney stones, dehydration, thirst |
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Term
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Definition
| ataxia with progressive peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hemorrhagic disease of newborns; unreported toxicity from excessive Vitamin K intake |
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Term
| How retinoids regulate cellular differentiation |
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Definition
| -retinoic acid binds to receptor on response element in promoter region of target genes resulting in activation of transcription |
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Term
| How Vitamin D maintain plasma calcium levels |
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Definition
-increase intestinal absorption of calcium
-increase renal calcium reabsorption
-increase calcium resorption from bone |
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Term
| How Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidative damage |
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Definition
-acts as antioxidant and peroxide scavenger particularly for cell membrane PUFAs and lipoproteins
-breaks chain reaction of oxidation preventing propagation of free radical damage
-regenerated to reduced Vitamin E by VItamin C |
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Term
| Etiologic factors contributing to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -coenzyme required for metabolism of carbohydrates & branched chain amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| -enzyme for multiple redox reactions, ATP synthesis and ADP-ribose transfer; significant amount of dietary tryptophan metabolized to NAD |
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Term
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Definition
| -coenzyme in methyl group transfer reactions such as purine & pyrimidine synthesis and methylation of transfer RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| coenzyme fro 2 critical enzymes involved in methyl group transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| coenzyme for some redox reactions , hydroxylation of collagen, water-soluble antioxidant, neurotransmitter & neuropeptide synthesis, corticosteroid synthesis, serotonin synthesis |
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