Term
| Osteoporosis is a _____ disease with _____ consequences. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and maintenance of life |
|
|
Term
| What are the four macronutrients? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water |
|
|
Term
| What are the categories of micronutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the functions of nutrients? |
|
Definition
| Provide energy, promote growth and development, regulate body processes |
|
|
Term
| What elements are carbohydrates composed of? |
|
Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a simple carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide)? |
|
Definition
| Starch (in grains) and glycogen (in animals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major form of fat in food, key energy source, and fat storage in body |
|
|
Term
| What are triglycerides made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two essential fatty acids? |
|
Definition
| Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid |
|
|
Term
| What are proteins composed of? |
|
Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| What are some functions of protein? |
|
Definition
| Major part of bone and muscle, component in blood, cell membranes, enzymes, and immune factors |
|
|
Term
| _____ is the macronutrient required in the largest quantity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do we produce water through metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some functions of water? |
|
Definition
| Lubricant, solvent, transportation medium, regulates body temperature |
|
|
Term
| Vitamins enable _____ _____ and provide no usable _____. |
|
Definition
| chemical reactions, energy |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamins are water soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamins are fat soluble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ soluble vitamins are stored in the body more easily than _____ soluble vitamins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inorganic compounds required for body functions |
|
|
Term
| What are the major minerals? |
|
Definition
| Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus |
|
|
Term
| What are the trace minerals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foods of animal origin (fish) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1°C |
|
|
Term
| How does our body utilize energy-containing nutrients? |
|
Definition
| Build new compounds, perform muscular movements, promote nerve transmissions, maintain ion balance within cells |
|
|
Term
| What percent of the population group do EARs meet the needs of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of the population group do RDAs meet the needs of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content |
|
|
Term
| Who are the exceptions to DV standards? |
|
Definition
| Infants, toddlers, pregnant and lactating women |
|
|
Term
| How often should children work out? |
|
Definition
| Every day, 60 minutes, moderate and vigorous |
|
|
Term
| How often should adults work out? |
|
Definition
| Weekly, 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous |
|
|
Term
| How often should older adults work out? |
|
Definition
| Weekly, 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calories needed to sustain life without activity |
|
|
Term
| The WHO estimates that _____ billion people are overweight or obese |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can lead to malnutrition in the developing world? |
|
Definition
| Seasonal hunger, conflict and war, and environmental disasters |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that are allowed in organic farming? |
|
Definition
| Biological pest management, composting, manure applications, and crop rotations |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that are not allowed in organic farming? |
|
Definition
| Synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and hormones, antibiotics, sewage sludge, genetic engineering, and irradiation |
|
|
Term
| What are some uses of biotechnology? |
|
Definition
| Pest and weed control, disease prevention in plants, and increased crop yields. |
|
|
Term
| What are some food preservation methods? |
|
Definition
| Pasteurization, sterilization, canning, aseptic processing, refrigeration, freezing, nitrogen packing, food irradiation, and the use of food additives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of breaking down foods into a form the body can use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uptake of nutrients from the GI tract into the blood or lymph |
|
|
Term
| What are the human tissues that are related to digestion? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
|
|
Term
| Peristalsis is the ring of _____ propelling material along the _____ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Segmentation is the back-and-forth action that... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of this sphincter?: Lower esophageal sphincter |
|
Definition
| Prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of this sphincter?: Pyloric sphincter |
|
Definition
| Control the flow of stomach contents into the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of this sphincter?: Sphincter of Oddi |
|
Definition
| Control the flow of bile from common bile duct into the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of this sphincter?: Ileocecal valve |
|
Definition
| Prevent the contents of the large intestine from reentering the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of this sphincter? Anal sphincters |
|
Definition
| Prevent defecation until person desires to do so |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viscous material produced by goblet cells; mucus moistens, lubricates, and propels the GI tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions; enzymes are not changed during reactions, they mediate chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances formed in the endocrine glands; they enter the blood and affect/control activities of some organs, cells, or tissues |
|
|
Term
| Where does salivary amylase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Salivary glands, mouth, breaks starch into shorter chains of glucose |
|
|
Term
| Where does rennin come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Stomach, stomach, causes the milk protein casein to curdle |
|
|
Term
| Where does pepsin come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Stomach, stomach, breaks proteins into polypeptides and amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Where does trypsin come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, small intestine, breaks proteins and polypeptides into shorter polypeptides |
|
|
Term
| Where does chymotripsin come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, small intestine, breaks proteins and polypeptides into shorter polypeptides |
|
|
Term
| Where does carboxypeptidase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, small intestine, breaks polypeptides into amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Where does lipase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, small intestine, breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol |
|
|
Term
| Where does pancreatic amylase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Pancreas, small intestine, breaks starch into shorter glucose chains and maltose |
|
|
Term
| Where do carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase come from, where do they work, and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| Small intestine, small intestine, break polypeptides and dipeptides into amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Where does sucrase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Small intestine, small intestine, breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose |
|
|
Term
| Where does lactase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Small intestine, small intestine, breaks lactose into glucose and galactose |
|
|
Term
| Where does maltase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Small intestine, small intestine, breaks maltose into glucose |
|
|
Term
| Where does dextrinase come from, where does it work, and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| Small intestine, small intestine, breaks short chains of glucose into individual glucose molecules |
|
|
