Which of the following nutrition related diseases is not one of the three leading causes of death in the US?

a. heart disease

b cancer

c stroke

d diabetes

which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?

a lipids and oils

b water

c vitamins

d minerals

What substance, present in fruits and veggies, provide significant health benefits such as reducing cancer risk?

a phytochemicals

b beta blockers

c deoxidizers

d free radicals

the essential nutrients

a must be consumed at every meal

b are required for infants but not adults

c can be made in the body when needed

d cannot be made in the body and need to be consumed to maintain health

cannot be maintained in the body and need to be consumed to maintain health

fibers belong to class of nutrients known as

a carbs

b protein

c lipids

d minerals

gram for gram, which provides the most energy?

a carbs

b proteins

c alcohol

d fats

which is not a characteristic of protein?

a major component of body structure

b supplies 4 kcal per gram

c significant energy source for humans

d forms enzymes

which is not true about water?

a provides energy

b provides way to transport nutrients and waste

c by product of cell chemical rxn

d dietary need of approx 9-13 cup per day

which of the following should be limited in the diet because of effect on blood cholesterol?

a saturated fats

b unsaturated fats

c essential fats

d amino acids

What is a substance in plant foods that aren't digested in the stomach or small intestine?

a dextrose

b disaccharides

c dietary fiber

d simple sugar

which of the following contains no calories?

a alcohol

b protein

c carbs

d vitamins

which is not a simple carb?

a starches

b table sugar

c disaccharide

d monosaccharide

which of the following is made by fat cells and influences long term regulation of total fat stores?

a endorphins

b cortisol

c leptin

d neuropeptide Y

measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called

a sonography

b electrocardiography

c echocardiography

d athropometry

Tina is consuming 12 mg of iron per day and her RDA is 15 mg. Which of the following statement is true on her consumption of this nutrient?

a she is likely deficient in iron

b she will need to consume more iron above RDA to make up for intake

c only if her intake is less than 70% of RDA would she be at rish of nutritional deficiency

which of the following has been set for vitamin D, fluoride and biotin?

a min req

b RDA

c AI

anthropometric

biochemical

clinical

diet history

environmental influences

The myplate guidelines recommend that we be physically active at least how many minutes most days of the week?

a 20

b 30

c 45

d 60

bone cartilage muscle and nerves are considered

a organs

b organ systems

c tissues

d organisms

what structure prevetns food from entering trachea when you swallow?

a epiglottis

b tongue

c tonsils

d esophagus

blood leaving the kidneys  goes by way of a vein to the 

a kidneys

b heart

c liver

after digestion and absorption, which organ system carries fat and fat soluble vitamins?

a portal

b enterohepatic

c lymphatic

what is the function of mucusin the stomach?

a emulsifies fat

b neutralizer stomach acid

c digest food

d protect stomach cell from gastric juices

all of the following can weaken esophageal sphincter tension and promote heartburn except

a root beer

b coffee

c alcohol

d nicotine

a hormone responds to food entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release

a bicarbonate

b acid

c bile

d mucus

main function of large intestine is to absorb

a fat and protein

b vit and min

c water and min

d protein and carb

which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

a galactose

b fructose

c lactose

d glucose

some people have difficulty digesting milk due to decreased production of

a pepsin

b glucagon

c lactase

d amylase

glucose is also known as

a levulose

b ribose

c maltose

d dextrose

amylase is

a an enzyme that digest protein

b a branched chain of glucose units

c enzyme that digests starch

those with lactose intolerance can usually consume all the following except

a small servings of milk prod

b some cheeses

c yogurt containing active cultures

d milk shakes with skim milk

glycogen is

a highly branched polysaccharide

b stored in absense of dietary carb

c straight chain of glucoses linked together

major store sites of glycogen are

a muscles and liver

b kidney and muscles

c liver and kidney

d liver and pancrease

dietary fibers are primarily

a polysaccharides

b polypeptides

c disaccharides

saturated fatty acid contains ___ in carbon chain

a no double bonds

b one double bond

c 2-12 double bonds

olive oil contains abundant amounts of which?

a saturated fatty acid

b monunsat

c polyunsat

d partially hydrog

which form is is most dietary lipids found?

a sterols

b phospholipids

c triglycerides

d monoglycer

high protein diets may be harmful for 

a those with kidney disease

b athletes

c elderly

which is not function of fat?

a add flavor to food

b carrier of fat soluble vitamins

c best source energy for brain

c isulates and protect body

edema appears when there is a sever lack of dietary protein bc

a sodium retained in body

b blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts into tissues

c blood protein levels increase and force fluid to tissues

the major function of adipose tissue is to 

a store glycogen

b store triglycerides

c synthesize protein for muscle

d store cholesterol

all are characteristics of cholesterol except

a used to make estrogen and testosterone

b converted into bile

c incorp into cell membrane

d is an essential nutrient

the major fat digesting enzyme is

a salivary amylase

b pepsin

c trypsin

d pancreatic lipase

nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is 

a stored in liver

b oxidized to carb

c converted to urea

phenylalanine

lysine

tryptophan

histidine

isoleucine

threonine

methionine

valine

leaucine

the EPA requires that municipal water supplies regularly test their water and report results

a every 6 mo

b once a year

c every two years

android obesity is associated with higher incidence of all these except

a heart disease

b diabete mellitus

c hypertension

d cancer

body fat above____ for men warrants obesity diagnosis

all contribute to total energy expenditure except

a basal metabolic rate

b thermic effect of food

c energy content of food

d adaptive thermogenesis

most vitamin A stored in

a kidney

b small intest

c liver

d adipose tissue

vitamin b12 supplied almost entirely by

a animal prod

b veg and fruit

c intestinal bacteria

d whole grain cereal and legumes

the best vitamin folate food source include

a rice and grains

b milk and dairy produ

c leafy greens and beans

all of the following are characteristics of vitamin d except:

a facilitates calcium abosorption from sm int

b is activated by liver and kidney

c causes kidney to excrete less calcium in urine

d prevents osteoporosis

copper functions consist of all the following except:

a connective tissue formation

b thyroid hormone synthesis

c iron release from storage

d hemoglobin formation

best zinc source is 

a meat

b cheese

c fruit

milk is poor source of 

a Vit D and C

b iron and calcium

c iron and vit C

d vit A and protein

we get most sulfur in our diet from 

a carbs

b water

c fat and oil

d protein

greatest risk from food today is contamination via

a virus and bacteria

b parasites and bacteria

c fungi and parasites

all are true of anorexic person falling below 75 percent of normal body weight except

a premature death likely

b hospitalization necessary

c loss of periods are irreversible

d cure is difficult

single most effective health advantage for people is

a well built shelter

b adequate water supp

c safe and convenient water supply

what is the name of the high energy compound that cells use directly to fuel other chemical reactions

a ATP

b glucose

c amino acids

d fatty acids

ATP and phosphocreatine are major energy sources for events lasting how long?

a 1 min

b 5 min

c 10 min

d 30 min

the conversion of glucose to lactic acid is called

a aerobic glucose breakdown

b anaerobic glucose breakdown

c aerobic glycogen breakdown

d anaerobic glycogen breakdown

the different between anaerobic and aerobic  glycolysis is

a aerobic glucose breakdown uses amino acids, anaerobic does not

b end product of aerobic glucose breakdown is lactic acid; and anaerobic breakdown end prod is CO2 and H2o

c the end products of aerobic glucose breakdown are CO2 and H2o; end product of anaerobic glucose breakdown is lactic acid

anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the enrgy for sports activities lasting

a 10 seconds

b up to 30 seconds

c 30 sec to 2 min

d up to 5 min

we can tell whether a football player is getting enought kcals by all except:

a determining body fat level

b seeing if body fat is 5-18%

c monitoring weight changes on a weekly basis

d weighing him before and after football practice

Athletes who consume adquate carb promote all except:

a reduce risk of chronic fatigue

b loading liver with adequate glycogen stores

c increases in body fat levels

d loading muscles with adequate glycogen stores

 120 lbs woman is attempting to be a body builder so she would like to gain muscle mass. Daily protein intake should be how many grams?

a 32-59

b 65-87

c 82-93

d 44-82

If a woman athlete is not menstruating regularly, she should do all except

a intensely exercise

b increase kcal intake

c get adequate calcium in diet

d have body fat % checked

Which of the following does not have an ergogenic effect?

a growthy hormone

b carnitine

c anabolic steroid

d blood doping

A regular physical activity program should include all the following except:

a warmup

b frequency of 2x per week

c HR of 60-70% of max

d at least 20-30 min duration

Criteria for diagnosing bulimia nervosa includes all except

a overconcern with body shape and weight

b purposely eating large quantities of food and feeling tremendous control doing it

c using purging techniques like vomiting

d 2 binge eating episodes per week for at least 3 months

night eating syndrome is characterized by evening hyperphagia which is defined as

a eating total cal after evening meal

b eating 1/2 total cal after eavening meal

c eating more than 1/3 of total daily calories after evening meal

anorexia nervosa is defined as

a hyper activity

b compulsive eating

c purging, laxatives, diurectics

d psychological denial of appetite

at later stages in anorexia development, they

a do not feel hungry

b abstain from drink and food

c eat 1200-1500 cal per day

d eat 300-600 cal per day

the slower basal metabolism that accompanies anorexia nervosa is caused by

a decreased synthesis of growth hormone

b decreased synthesis of thyroid hormone

c low intake of iron

d hypoglycemia

first goal of nutrition therapy for anorexia nervos is

the majority of hungry people live in 

a africa

b asia

c latin america

all of the following are results of undernutrition except

a reduction of activity

b blindness from xerophthalmia

c iron deficiency anemia

d coronary heart disease

the consequences of undernutrition are most critical during

a adulthood

b elementary school years

c infancy

a promising strategy to help other countries increase food resources is 

a to use green revolution technologies

b to establism large farms that grow cash crops

c to try to obtain more food from the oceans

Elements influencing food/population raito include all except

a high socioeconomic status

b war and political/civil unrest

c rapid depletion of nat resources

d AIDS

Which of the following is not true about AIDS worldwide?

a transmission pattern is different in developed versus develping countries

b africa is continent that is hardest hit

c US is country hardest hit

d developing countries have the most infections

all are potential environmental contaminants except

a acylamide

b lead

c carbon dioxide

d mercury

which will not decrease free water in a product?

a salting

b adding sugar

c irradiation

d smoking

increasing acid content of a food is especially effective in preventing growth of 

a yeast

b samonella

c clostridium botulinum

d staphylococcus aureus

common cause of foodborne illness from sneezing or coughing over food is

a samonella

b clostridium perfringens

c staphylococcus aureus

foodborne illness caused by Clostridium perfringens

a is usually associated with meat and meat dishes, gravies, and improperly handled leftovers

b appears within 12-36 hours of ingestion

c usualy caused by consuming improperly home canned food

d can cause human illness in about 4 hours

most common parasites in north american food supply are

a anisakis and scromboid

b scromboid and dinoflagellates

c trichella spiralis and anisakis

Salmonella, Listeria, E Coli and Campylobacter are bacterial foodborne illnesses of particular interest since they are often assoc with 

a kidney failure

b high fever

c death

70% of foodborne illness cases go undiagnosed and result from 

a viral causes

b bacterial causes

c fungal causes

most strains of E Coli are 

a infectious

b harmful

c toxic

d harmless

lead toxicity effects include all except

a anemia

b abnormal reproduction

c kidney disease

d reduced learning capacity

which is found in raw egg whites

a avidin

b dioxin

c oxalic acid

d saponins

omega 3 fatty acid 1st double bond starts....

omega 6 fatty acid 1st double bond starts...

 3 Carbons from omega end of fatty acid

6 carbons from omega end of fatty acid

duration of pregnancy is normally___ weeks

a 30-34

b 32-36

c 35-39

d 38-42

the organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the 

a ovum

b umbilicus

c placenta

d embyo

if a child is born prematruely during a third trimester

a child with have min nutritional problems

b child may have problems sucking a swallowing

c child will almost always die

ideal age of pregnancy is 

during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, avg of ____ extra kcal needed per day

a 150-250

b 250-350

c 350-450

during first trimester, woman should gain ____ pounds

a 1-3

b 2-4

c 5-9

one type of foodborne illness that poses particular danger for pregnant women is

total weight gain of a desirable weight pregnant woman is how many pounds?

a 10-15

b 15-25

c 25-35

d 28-40

a low birth weight infant weighs___ lbs

RDA for protein increases by about

RDA for carbohydrates increases to about

25 grams per day over that of the non pregnant state

175 grams daily (primarily to prevent ketosis)

mineral needs also increase in pregnancy. all are needed in higher quantities except

a iron

b iodine

c sodium

d zinc

which hormone triggers "let down" or milk release

a oxytocin

b prolactin

c estrogen

d progesterone

breast milk production requires approx___kcal per day?

a 200

b 400

c 800

d 1000

infants will double in birth weight at about ____ months of age

a5 

b3

c2

d9

undernutrition for a female has greatest effect on height when occurs

a before onset of menses

b 2 years after menses onset

c 1 year after onset menses

infants born prematurely will catch up in growth by

a 6 mo

b 1 year

c 2-3 yr

d 4-5 yr

most sensitive indicator of long-term nutrient intake in a child is

a weight

b height

c head circumference

d fusion of bone ends

1/3 of children indeveloping nations are short and underweight for their age..frequent cause is:

a weaning to high carb low protein diet

b diet low in ess fatty acid

c weaning to low carb high protein diets

breast milk contains approx how many kcal per quart?

a 450

b 570

c 600

d 640

vitamin routinely given by injection to all infants at birth?

a A

b E

c K

d D

fluid requirement of infant are approx ___ cups per day

a 2

b 1

c 4

d 3

according to the American Academy of pediatrics, best age to introduce solid foods to infant diet is

a <1 month

b 1-4 months

c 4-6 months

d >8 months

all are true about nursing bottle syndrome except

a it causes tooth decay in bottle fed infants

b it is associated with infant keeping a bottle in his or her mouth while sleeping

c it results from teeth being bathed in carb rich fluid

d it is associated with not brushing infant gums

all should be omitted from infant diet except

a iron

b low fat milk

c hot dogs

d corn syrup

foods suggest adding to diet of preschool child who needs increased iron?

a lean meat

b milk

c orange juice

d egg white

if a child follows a totally vegetarian diet, greater attention should be given to these nutrients

a iron and calcium

b fat soluble vit

c carb and fiber

d protein and vit b12

the adolescnet growth spurt 

a begins earlier in boys than girls

b begins earlier in girls than boys

c decreasees energy and nutrient needs